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• Provocations
• What are data?
• Data scholarship
• Data diversity
• Data scholarship in the sciences
• Data scholarship in the social sciences
• Data scholarship in the humanities
• Sharing, releasing, and reusing data
• Credit, attribution, and discovery of data
• What to keep and why to keep them.

An examination of the uses of data within a changing knowledge infrastructure, offering analysis and case studies from the sciences, social sciences, and humanities. "Big Data" is on the covers of Science, Nature, the Economist, and Wired magazines, on the front pages of the Wall Street Journal and the New York Times. But despite the media hyperbole, as Christine Borgman points out in this examination of data and scholarly research, having the right data is usually better than having more data; little data can be just as valuable as big data. In many cases, there are no data-because relevant data don't exist, cannot be found, or are not available. Moreover, data sharing is difficult, incentives to do so are minimal, and data practices vary widely across disciplines. Borgman, an often-cited authority on scholarly communication, argues that data have no value or meaning in isolation; they exist within a knowledge infrastructure-an ecology of people, practices, technologies, institutions, material objects, and relationships. After laying out the premises of her investigation-six "provocations" meant to inspire discussion about the uses of data in scholarship-Borgman offers case studies of data practices in the sciences, the social sciences, and the humanities, and then considers the implications of her findings for scholarly practice and research policy. To manage and exploit data over the long term, Borgman argues, requires massive investment in knowledge infrastructures; at stake is the future of scholarship.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

The Art of Science presents the best of Museum Victoria's remarkable collection of natural history artworks. The book opens with the paper museums of the seventeenth and eighteenth century, stunning collections of the bizarre and fabulous, each one exquisitely depicted.

Who are the faces behind chemistry? This volume presents portraits of all living Chemistry Nobel Laureates by the acclaimed photographer Peter Badge. Printed in high quality with an introduction by Nobel Laureate Aaron Ciechanover, the book invites reflection on the human aspect of science and on the personalities behind the most important developments in chemistry in the last decades. As a celebration of the chemist it is the ideal book to dignify the international year of chemistry.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

The bible for the modern information age has arrived. This unique, ground-breaking project makes sense of the countless statistics and random facts that constantly bombard us. The Visual Miscellaneum is designed to help us decipher vast amounts of statistics and research through brilliant, innovative graphics. If a picture is worth a thousand words, this single visual volume is worth an entire library of culture, philosophy, spirituality, ecology, society, technology, history, economics, and pop culture. Using cutting edge graphs, charts, and illustrations, David McCandless creatively visualizes the world's surprising relationships and compelling data, covering everything from sushi ingredients to Ultimate Fighting, celebrity marriage to Afghanistan, video game sales to oil. Some graphics include: how long it takes different condiments to spoil the many different ways civilization may end-and the likelihood of each the most pleasurable guilty pleasures everything that has ever been considered "the new black" cosmetic ingredients vs. lethality world maps of Internet search terms, fetishes, terrorism, abortion laws, and more. This provocative, wide-ranging, topical, and humorous book provides endless food for thought, and enlightens readers about the issues we hear about often, but have never actually managed to process-until now.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction: Heritage Microbiology, Science And the Mary Rose: What are we trying to achieve? Introduction-- Background-- Conference Themes and the Mary Rose-- What are we trying to achieve? Conclusion--
• Part 1: Heritage Monuments and Materials-- Heritage Research and Practice: Towards a better understanding? Introduction-- Evaluation of Biodeterioration Processes-- Biodeterioration Mechanisms-- Exogenic Parameters-- Biofilm - A Stabilising Microniche-- Environmental Conditions for Biodeterioration Processes-- Microbiological Assessment of Biodeterioration Impacts-- Microbiology and Archaeology - Case Studies-- Terracotta Army in Xian / China (Polychrome Coatings)-- Nydam Mose / Denmark (Metals)-- Temple of Angkor Wat, Cambodia (Natural Stone)-- Archaeological Site of Milet in Turkey (Waterlogged Marble)-- Prospective Needs for an Interdisciplinary Approach in Conservation Microbiology-- Mapping Decay: GIS, Microbes and Stone Degradation across Scales-- Introduction-- Geographical Information Systems-- Use of Images for Classifying Degradation-- Illustrations of Mapping Degradation in a GIS-- Conclusions-- Microbial Colonisation of Historic Buildings in Latin America-- Introduction-- Methods-- Sites and Sampling-- Detection and Identification-- Results and Discussion Analysis of Bacterial Communities on an Antique Stained Glass Window-- Introduction-- Methods and Results-- Deterioration on the window "NativitO"-- Sampling, Growth Conditions and Phenotypical Characterization-- Molecular Characterization-- Conclusions-- Assessing the Suitability of Novel Biocides for use on Historic Surfaces-- Introduction-- Methods and Results-- Compatibility of Novel Treatments with Conservation Products-- Tests on Sandstone-- Accelerated Weathering-- Tests on Traditional Painted Plaster-- Field Studies-- Test Surfaces-- Test Rigs-- Treatments-- Effectiveness Measurements-- Fluorescence and Colour Measurements after Treatment Application-- Post-Treatment Assessment-- The Occurrence of Heterotrophic Microorganisms on Heritage Surfaces-- Discussion-- Conclusion-- Biocalcification: The Context for Bioremediation-- Introduction-- Biomineralization-- Calcium Carbonate Biomineralization-- Monumental Stone Decay and Conservation-- Bioremediation for Conservation-- Methods and Results-- On-site Application-- Bio-inducing Macromolecules Solutions (BIMSs)-- Methodology of Application-- BMT Evaluation-- On-site results-- Conclusions-- The Biobrush Project for Bioremediation of Heritage Stone-- A Need for Stone Conservation-- Rationale for Biobrush Research-- Collection and Analysis of Encrusted Stone from Historic Buildings-- Selection and Screening of Bacterial Cultures for use in Bioremediation-- Evaluation of Delivery Systems to carry Biological Agents onto the Stone-- Mineral Changes in Stones during Bioremediation Treatment-- Field Trials of Bioremediation on Buildings and Monuments-- Recommended Methodologies-- Implications of Biobrush Research--
• Part 2: Molecular Methods for Heritage Artefacts and Monuments-- Molecular Studies for Cultural Heritage: State of the Art-- Introduction-- Previous Methods for the Detection of Microorganisms-- Culture-Independent Methods to Detect Microorganisms-- Recent Advancements for Detecting Microorganisms-- MDA-PCR Amplifications-- DNA Library Screening-- Detection and Analysis of Chimeras-- Analysis Based on DNA and RNA-- Further Perspectives-- Bacteria in Archaeological and Waterlogged Wood: Molecular Protocols for Diversity and Community Studies-- Introduction-- Waterlogged Wood and its Microbiology-- Extraction of Nucleic Acids from Wood-- Overcoming Low Quantities of Impure Nucleic Acids-- PCR and the Separation of Mixed-Origin PCR Products-- Fluorescent In Situ Hybridisation and Waterlogged Wood-- Conclusions-- Synchrotron Radiation for the Investigation of Objects of Cultural Heritage Value-- Introduction-- Synchrotron Radiation-- Examples of Synchrotron Science as Applied to Heritage Materials-- Archaeological Iron-- Erosion of Carbonate Building Materials-- Textile Fibres from the Qumran Caves-- Corinthian Style Helmet from Ancient Greece-- Conclusions-- Summary-- Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH) as Molecular Tool to Study Bacteria causing Biodeterioration-- Introduction-- FISH Applied to the Study of Biodeterioration of Works of Art-- Limits and Advantages of FISH to Study Microbial Communities associated with Biodeterioration-- Methods that Enhance the Signal-- Identification of Bacteria from Waterlogged Archaeological Wood-- Introduction-- Method and Results-- Sampling-- Cultivation-- DNA-Based Identification-- DNA Extraction-- PCR Amplification and Construction of 16S rDNA Clone Libraries and T-RFLP Community Fingerprinting-- Sequencing of 16S rDNA Inserts and Phylogenetic Analysis-- Conclusions-- Summary-- Novel Combined Approach Based on Phospholipid Fatty Acids and 16S-rDNA PCR-SSCP Analyses to Characterise Fouling Biofilms on Historic Monuments-- Introduction-- Culture-Independent Approaches to Characterise Microbial Communities-- Materials and Methods-- Site Description-- Sample Collection-- Biomarker Analysis-- DNA Extraction, PCR-SSCP and Sequencing of DNA-- Digital Image Analysis-- Nucleic Acid and Phylogenetic Analyses Results-- Biofilm Biomass and PLFA Profiles-- Discussion-- Biomass and Diversity of Epilithic Biofilms-- Conclusions-- On the Use of 23S rRNA Gene Sequences to Assess a High Diversity of Acidobacteria in Altamira Cave-- Introduction-- Materials and Methods-- Sampling and DNA Extraction-- Amplification of Acidobacterial rDNA and Construction of Clone Libraries-- Phylogenetic Analyses and Tree Reconstruction based on rDNA Sequences-- Results and Discussion-- Conclusions--
• Part 3: Historic Ships and their Preservation-- The In-Situ Preservation of Archaeological Sites Underwater: An Evaluation of some Techniques-- Introduction-- Why In-Situ Preservation? Threats to Underwater Archaeological Heritage-- Measuring the Extent of Deterioration-- Examples of Techniques used for In-Situ Protection-- The "Polders", The Netherlands-- Red Bay, Canada-- The Bzn Wrecks, The Netherlands-- The Darsser Cog, Germany-- The Avondster, Sri Lanka-- Roman Quay, The Netherlands-- Thirteenth Century Wreck, Denmark-- William Salthouse, Australia-- The Zakynthos Wreck, Greece-- Colossus, United Kingdom-- James Matthews, Australia-- Fredericus (Raar-Project), Sweden-- Conclusions and Future Directions-- Molecular Bacterial Diversity in the Timbers of the Tudor Warship the Mary Rose-- Introduction-- Role of Bacteria in the Sulfur and Iron Cycles-- Molecular Diversity of Bacteria associated with Buried and Raised Ship Timbers-- Conclusions-- Timber Conservation on Nelson's Flagship HMS Victory-- Introduction-- Original Construction-- The Early Years-- Into Drydock 1922-- Restoration and Repair in the 1920s-- The 1955-64 Great Repair-- Completion of the Great Repair 1964 - 2000-- Timber Supply-- Concluding Comments-- Summary-- Informing the Conservation, Display and Long-Term Preservation of the HMS Victory Trafalgar Sail-- Introduction-- The Performance of the Canvas-- Conservation and Display-- Condition Monitoring-- Nuclear Magnetic Relaxometry-- Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIR)-- Conclusions-- Extraction of Iron Compounds from Waterlogged Pine Wood from the Vasa-- Introduction-- Materials and Methods-- Chemicals-- Extraction Procedures-- Analyses-- Results and Discussion-- Co-Extraction of other Compounds-- Effects on the Wood-- Conclusions-- Summary-- Electrolysis in the Conservation of Large Artefacts: The M33 and the s.v.Cutty Sark-- Introduction-- Soak Treatment-- Electrolytic Treatment-- Electrolysis in Conservation-- Electrolysis of the M33-- Electrolysis of the s.v. Cutty Sark-- Conclusions-- Summary-- Desiccated Storage of Chloride-Contaminated Iron: A Study of the Effects of Loss of Environmental Control-- Introduction-- Corrosion and Electrolytes-- ss Great Britain: A big Corrosion Problem-- Implementation of Environmental Control-- Chloride-Infested Iron: Corrosion and Corrosion Products-- Chloride on the Iron Hull of the ss Great Britain-- Modelling Iron Corrosion during Drying of Chloride-Infested Iron-- Environmentally-Controlled Storage in Practice-- Experimental-- Results-- Fecl2. 4h2o/ Iron Powder Mix: 15%-22% Relative Humidity (Figure 4)-- Fecl2.4h2o/ Iron Powder Mix: 15%-30% Relative Humidity (Figure 5)-- -Feooh/Iron Powder Mix: 15%-22% Relative Humidity (Figure 6)-- Feooh/Iron Powder Mix: 15%-30% Relative Humidity (Figure 7)-- Fecl2. 4h2o/Iron Powder Mix: 22%- 65% Relative Humidity (Figure 8)-- Discussion-- Endnote-- Microbiology and Art: An Education Opportunity-- Introduction-- Applied Microbiology-- Microbiology and Art-- Deterioration of Art-- Beauty of Microorganisms-- Microorganisms in Art-- Combining Microbiology and Art-- Microbiology And...-- Concluding Remarks.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Heritage Science is emerging as a discipline that brings together chemists, physicists, microbiologists, conservation scientists, archaeologists and conservators. Its scope, precise boundaries and the interfaces between its component disciplines may be in a state of flux but, above all, its interdisciplinary nature offers understanding of the causes, control and protection of heritage from ever-present environmental challenges. In particular, the activities of microbes play a central part in shaping the natural world of our planet but this awesome power constitutes a serious threat to the integrity of our most precious art, heritage artefacts, monuments and cultural treasures. Heritage artefacts that have been recovered from water, or that exist near the sea in maritime conditions, pose special conservation problems due in main to the combined effect of microbial activities and physical/chemical assaults that the environment can offer. This book is a result of the invited and updated papers from HMS2005: Microbes, Monuments and Maritime Materials and forms a comprehensive volume that addresses key topical areas of heritage science and discusses the threats to a wide range of heritage materials and monuments by biological and chemical agents of decay. Key features of the book include: " Up-to-date summaries on the conservation of internationally-important artefacts and monuments " Clear outline of molecular techniques to identify microbes in environmental heritage samples " Wide range of case studies covering wood, stone, cave and cave paintings " Contributions presented as fully referenced research publications giving useful technical details and identification of areas for future study " Informs conservators about the threats from microbes to a range of materials " Extensive range of case studies of important world heritage artefacts and monuments as well as an overview of in situ preservation of historic ships " Provides background knowledge on the use and application of modern analytical techniques in conservation " Contains detailed information on molecular and synchrotron techniques to assist with identifying biological and chemical threats to heritage artefacts and monuments The book also provides up-to-date information on subjects covering the component field of heritage microbiology, molecular and chemical analytical techniques, and the mechanisms of degradation and deterioration of historic ships and buildings. The book details state-of-the-art techniques for the study of large and small heritage objects, and their conservation. Techniques cover the use of GIS image processing, molecular biological analysis of environmental samples including FISH, electrophoresis to remove corrosive ions and synchrotron radiation to detect chemicals present in artefacts. Several authors have developed their methods through involvement in international collaborative projects such as BIOBRUSH, BACPOLES and Save the Vasa. Extensive emphasis is placed on case studies and there is a valuable section on historic ships covering the preservation of HMS Victory, ss Great Britain, Vasa and the Mary Rose. This book provides an indispensable guide and reference source for those working in all areas of historical conservation, biodeterioration, microbiology and materials science.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction Stefan Collini-- Preface to the second edition-- Part I. The Rede Lecture,
• 1959:
• 1. The two cultures--
• 2. Intellectuals as natural luddites--
• 3. The scientific revolution--
• 4. The rich and the poor-- Part II. The Two Cultures: A Second Look-- Notes.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The notion that our society, its education system and its intellectual life, is characterised by a split between two cultures - the arts or humanities on one hand, and the sciences on the other - has a long history. But it was C. P. Snow's Rede lecture of 1959 that brought it to prominence and began a public debate that is still raging in the media today. This 50th anniversary printing of The Two Cultures and its successor piece, A Second Look (in which Snow responded to the controversy four years later) features an introduction by Stefan Collini, charting the history and context of the debate, its implications and its afterlife. The importance of science and technology in policy run largely by non-scientists, the future for education and research, and the problem of fragmentation threatening hopes for a common culture are just some of the subjects discussed.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

Pictures of common objects and their parts, each identified individually by name, are classed under such general categories as living things, transportation, and personal items.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)