• I. Background. In search of human uniqueness ; Evolutionary foundations
• II. The ontogeny of uniquely human cognition. Social cognition ; Communication ; Cultural learning ; Cooperative thinking
• III. The ontogeny of uniquely human sociality. Collaboration ; Prosociality ; Social norms ; Moral identity
• IV. Conclusion. A neo-Vygotskian theory ; The power of shared agency.

A radical reconsideration of how we develop the qualities that make us human, based on decades of cutting-edge experimental work by the former director of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. Virtually all theories of how humans have become such a distinctive species focus on evolution. Here, Michael Tomasello proposes a complementary theory of human uniqueness, focused on development. Building on the seminal ideas of Vygotsky, his data-driven model explains how those things that make us most human are constructed during the first years of a child's life. Tomasello assembles nearly three decades of experimental work with chimpanzees, bonobos, and human children to propose a new framework for psychological growth between birth and seven years of age. He identifies eight pathways that starkly differentiate humans from their closest primate relatives: social cognition, communication, cultural learning, cooperative thinking, collaboration, prosociality, social norms, and moral identity. In each of these, great apes possess rudimentary abilities. But then, Tomasello argues, the maturation of humans' evolved capacities for shared intentionality transform these abilities-through the new forms of sociocultural interaction they enable-into uniquely human cognition and sociality. The first step occurs around nine months, with the emergence of joint intentionality, exercised mostly with caregiving adults. The second step occurs around three years, with the emergence of collective intentionality involving both authoritative adults, who convey cultural knowledge, and coequal peers, who elicit collaboration and communication. Finally, by age six or seven, children become responsible for self-regulating their beliefs and actions so that they comport with cultural norms. Becoming Human places human sociocultural activity within the framework of modern evolutionary theory, and shows how biology creates the conditions under which culture does its work.
(source: Nielsen Book Data) 9780674980853 20190204

• Notes on Contributors ix
• 1 Introduction: Substance Dualism and Its Physicalist Rivals
• 1 Jonathan J. Loose, Angus J. L. Menuge, and J. P. Moreland
• 2 Redressing Substance Dualism
• 22 William G. Lycan
• Part I. Articulating Substance Dualism
• 41
• 3 Substance Dualism: A Defense
• 43 Charles Taliaferro
• Debating Emergent Dualism
• 61
• 4 The Case for Emergent Dualism
• 62 William Hasker
• 5 Against Emergent Dualism
• 73 Brandon L. Rickabaugh
• Debating Thomistic Dualism
• 87
• 6 Aquinas on the Human Soul
• 88 Edward Feser
• 7 In Defense of a Thomistic-like Dualism
• 102 J. P. Moreland
• 8 A Critique of Thomistic Dualism
• 123 William Hasker
• Debating Cartesian Dualism
• 132
• 9 Cartesian Substance Dualism
• 133 Richard Swinburne
• 10 Against Cartesian Dualism
• 152 Jaegwon Kim
• 11 Non-Cartesian Substance Dualism
• 168 E. J. Lowe
• Debating the Unity of Consciousness
• 183
• 12 Substance Dualism and the Unity of Consciousness
• 184 J. P. Moreland
• 13 Problems with Unity of Consciousness Arguments for Substance Dualism
• 208 Tim Bayne
• Debating Near-Death Experiences
• 226
• 14 Evidential Near-Death Experiences
• 227 Gary R. Habermas
• 15 The Phenomenology of Near-Death and Out-of-Body Experiences: No Heavenly Excursion for Soul
• 247 Michael N. Marsh
• 16 Why Reject Substance Dualism?
• 267 Ian Ravenscroft
• Part II. Alternatives to Substance Dualism
• 283
• 17 Why Should a Christian Embrace Materialism (about Human Persons)?
• 285 Kevin Corcoran
• Debating Animalism
• 296
• 18 For Animalism
• 297 Eric T. Olson
• 19 Against Animalism
• 307 Stewart Goetz
• Debating Nonreductive Physicalism
• 316
• 20 For Nonreductive Physicalism
• 317 Nancey Claire Murphy
• 21 Against Nonreductive Physicalism
• 328 Joshua Rasmussen
• Debating Constitutionalism
• 340
• 22 Constitutionalism: Alternative to Substance Dualism
• 341 Lynne Rudder Baker
• 23 Against Constitutionalism
• 351 Ross Inman
• Debating Emergent Individualism
• 368
• 24 For Emergent Individualism
• 369 Timothy O Connor
• 25 Against Emergent Individualism
• 377 Robert C. Koons
• 26 Why Reject Christian Physicalism?
• 394 Angus J. L. Menuge
• Part III. Substance Dualism, Theology, and the Bible
• 411
• Debating Biblical Anthropology
• 412
• 27 Biblical Anthropology is Holistic and Dualistic
• 413 John W. Cooper
• 28 The Strange Case of the Vanishing Soul
• 427 Joel B. Green
• Debating the Incarnation
• 439
• 29 Dualism Offers the Best Account of the Incarnation
• 440 Luke Van Horn
• 30 The Word Made Flesh: Dualism, Physicalism, and the Incarnation
• 452 Trenton Merricks
• Debating the Resurrection
• 469
• 31 Materialism Most Miserable: The Prospects for Dualist and Physicalist Accounts of Resurrection
• 470 Jonathan J. Loose
• 32 I Look for the Resurrection of the Dead and the Life of the World to Come
• 488 Peter van Inwagen
• Index 501.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

A groundbreaking collection of contemporary essays from leading international scholars that provides a balanced and expert account of the resurgent debate about substance dualism and its physicalist alternatives. Substance dualism has for some time been dismissed as an archaic and defeated position in philosophy of mind, but in recent years, the topic has experienced a resurgence of scholarly interest and has been restored to contemporary prominence by a growing minority of philosophers prepared to interrogate the core principles upon which past objections and misunderstandings rest. As the first book of its kind to bring together a collection of contemporary writing from top proponents and critics in a pro-contra format, The Blackwell Companion to Substance Dualism captures this ongoing dialogue and sets the stage for rigorous and lively discourse around dualist and physicalist accounts of human persons in philosophy. Chapters explore emergent, Thomistic, Cartesian, and other forms of substance dualism broadly conceived in dialogue with leading varieties of physicalism, including animalism, non-reductive physicalism, and constitution theory. Loose, Menuge, and Moreland pair essays from dualist advocates with astute criticism from physicalist opponents and vice versa, highlighting points of contrast for readers in thematic sections while showcasing today s leading minds engaged in direct debate. Taken together, essays provide nuanced paths of introduction for students, and capture the imagination of professional philosophers looking to expand their understanding of the subject. Skillfully curated and in touch with contemporary science as well as analytic theology, The Blackwell Companion to Substance Dualism strikes a measured balanced between advocacy and criticism, and is a first-rate resource for researchers, scholars, and students of philosophy, theology, and neuroscience.
(source: Nielsen Book Data) 9781119375265 20180828

• Introduction : Mind over data
• The ladder of causation
• From buccaneers to guinea pigs : the genesis of causal inference
• From evidence to causes : Reverend Bayes meets Mr. Holmes
• Confounding and deconfounding : or, slaying the lurking variable
• The smoke-filled debate : clearing the air
• Paradoxes galore!
• Beyond adjustment : the conquest of Mount Intervention
• Counterfactuals : mining worlds that could have been
• Mediation : the search for a mechanism
• Big data, artificial intelligence, and the big questions.

A Turing Award-winning computer scientist and statistician shows how understanding causality has revolutionized science and will revolutionize artificial intelligence "Correlation is not causation." This mantra, chanted by scientists for more than a century, has led to a virtual prohibition on causal talk. Today, that taboo is dead. The causal revolution, instigated by Judea Pearl and his colleagues, has cut through a century of confusion and established causality--the study of cause and effect--on a firm scientific basis. His work explains how we can know easy things, like whether it was rain or a sprinkler that made a sidewalk wet; and how to answer hard questions, like whether a drug cured an illness. Pearl's work enables us to know not just whether one thing causes another: it lets us explore the world that is and the worlds that could have been. It shows us the essence of human thought and key to artificial intelligence. Anyone who wants to understand either needs The Book of Why.
(source: Nielsen Book Data) 9780465097609 20181029

• Preface / Jack Knight
• 1. The problem of clean hands : negotiated compromise in lawmaking / Eric Beerbohm
• 2. Third parties to compromise / Anton Ford
• 3. The moral distinctiveness of legislated law / David Dyzenhaus
• 4. On compromise, negotiation, and loss / Amy J. Cohen
• 5. Compromise in negotiation / Simon Căbulea May
• 6. Uncompromising democracy / Melissa Schwartzberg
• 7. Democratic conflict and the political morality of compromise / Michelle M. Moody-Adams
• 8. The challenges of conscience in a world of compromise / Amy J. Sepinwall
• 9. Necessary compromise and public harm / Andrew Sabl
• 10. Compromise and representative government : a skeptical perspective / Alexander S. Kirshner.

A distinguished group of scholars explores compromise in contemporary affairs Do lawmakers have a greater ethical responsibility to compromise than ordinary citizens? How does one rectify what is at stake when lawmakers concede to compromise for the sake of reaching resolution? Is compromise necessarily equalizing and is it a reasonable mode of problem solving and dispute resolution? In this latest installment from the NOMOS series, distinguished scholars across the fields of political science, law, and philosophy tackle the complex set of questions that relate to the practice of compromise and its implications for social and political life in modern societies. The volume, edited by Jack Knight, brings together a range of perspectives - in both disciplinary and substantive terms - on representation, political morality, disagreement, negotiation, and various forms of compromise. The ten essays reflect a variety of considerations across interdisciplinary lines, and provide a new and thought-provoking discussion of the policy, practice, and philosophy of compromise, covering a number of specific topics including alternative dispute resolution (ADR) and conscientious objection. Examining these issues and more, Compromise offers new and thought provoking insights into the pressing issue of the importance of compromise in social and political affairs.
(source: Nielsen Book Data) 9781479836369 20180717

This volume presents, for the first time in English, Husserl's seminal 1923/24 lecture course First Philosophy (Erste Philosophie) together with a selection of material from the famous research manuscripts of the same time period. The lecture course is divided into two systematic, yet interrelated parts ("Critical History of Ideas" and "Theory of the Phenomenological Reduction"). It has long been recognized by scholars as among the most important of the many lecture courses he taught in his career. Indeed it was deemed as crucially important by Husserl himself, who composed it with a view toward eventual publication. It is unsurprising, then, that First Philosophy is the only lecture course that is consistently counted among his major works. In addition to furnishing valuable insights into Husserl's understanding of the history of philosophy, First Philosophy is his most sustained treatment of the phenomenological reduction, the central concept of his philosophical methodology. The selection of supplemental texts expands on the topics treated in the lectures, but also add other themes from Husserl's vast oeuvre. The manuscript material is especially worthwhile, because in it, Husserl offers candid self-criticisms of his publicly enunciated words, and also makes forays into areas of his philosophy that he was loath to publicize, lest his words be misunderstood. As Husserl's position as a key contributor to contemporary thought has, with the passage of time, become increasingly clear, the demand for access to his writings in English has steadily grown. This translation strives to meet this demand by providing English-speaking readers access to this central Husserlian text. It will be of interest to scholars of Husserl's work, non-specialists, and students of phenomenology.
(source: Nielsen Book Data) 9789402415957 20190311

The Importance of Being Rational systematically defends a novel reasons-based account of rationality. The book's central thesis is that what it is for one to be rational is to correctly respond to the normative reasons one possesses. Errol Lord defends novel views about what it is to possess reasons and what it is to correctly respond to reasons. He shows that these views not only help to support the book's main thesis, they also help to resolve several important problems that are independent of rationality. The account of possession provides novel contributions to debates about what determines what we ought to do, and the account of correctly responding to reasons provides novel contributions to debates about causal theories of reacting for reasons. After defending views about possession and correctly responding, Lord shows that the account of rationality can solve two difficult problems about rationality. The first is the New Evil Demon problem. The book argues that the account has the resources to show that internal duplicates necessarily have the same rational status. The second problem concerns the deontic significance of rationality. Recently it has been doubted whether we ought to be rational. The ultimate conclusion of the book is that the requirements of rationality are the requirements that we ultimately ought to comply with. If this is right, then rationality is of fundamental importance to our deliberative lives.
(source: Nielsen Book Data) 9780198815099 20180723

• Moral philosophy and moral reasoning
• Cultural relativism
• Skepticism and subjectivism
• Free will and moral responsibility
• Religion and natural law
• Egoism
• The social contract
• Utilitarianism : Bentham and Mill
• Challenges for utilitarianism
• Deontology : Kant
• Challenges for Kantian ethics
• Virtue ethics : Aristotle
• Challenges for virtue ethics
• The ethics of gender and race
• Developing a moral outlook
• Key thinkers.

Rather than telling students what to think about moral issues, this NEW text teaches students how to think for themselves. Using real-world examples and vivid illustrations drawn from other disciplines, it challenges preconceived notions about morality and demonstrates why ethics matters. A companion volume, Readings in Moral Philosophy, provides primary selections that amplify issues discussed in the text and extends them to problems in applied ethics.
(source: Nielsen Book Data) 9780393644081 20171211

• Part One. No morality: "Modern moral philosophy" (1958): Virtue ethics, eudaimonism, and the Greeks
• The invention of "morality" and the possibility of consequentialism
• The misguided project of vindicating morality
• The futility of seeking the extension of a word with no intension
• What's really wrong with the vocabulary of morality?
• Assessing "modern moral philosophy"
• Part Two: No self: "the first person" (1975): The circularity problem for accounts of "I" as a device of self-reference
• Is the fundamental reference rule for "I" the key to explaining first-person self-reference?
• Rumfitt's solution to the circularity problem
• Can we make sense of a nonreferential account of "I"?
• Strategies for saving "I" as a singular term: domesticating FP and deflating reference
• Epilogue: The anti-cartesian basis of Anscombe's scepticism.

Elizabeth Anscombe's Modern Moral Philosophy and The First Person have become touchstones of analytic philosophy but their significance remains controversial or misunderstood. James Doyle offers a fresh interpretation of Anscombe's theses about ethical reasoning and individual identity that reconciles seemingly incompatible points of view.
(source: Nielsen Book Data) 9780674976504 20180604

The Oxford Handbook of Reasons and Normativity maps a central terrain of philosophy, and provides an authoritative guide to it. Few concepts have received as much attention in recent philosophy as the concept of a reason to do or believe something. And one of the most contested ideas in philosophy is normativity, the 'ought' in claims that we ought to do or believe something. This is the first volume to provide broad coverage of the study of reasons and normativity across multiple philosophical subfields. In addition to focusing on reasons in ethics, epistemology, and the philosophy of mind, action, and language, the Handbook explores philosophical work on the nature of normativity in general. Topics covered include: the unity of normativity; the fundamentality of reasons; attempts to explain reasons in other terms; the relation of motivational reasons to normative reasons; the internalist constraint; the logic and language of reasons and 'ought'; connections between reasons, intentions, choices, and actions; connections between reasons, reasoning, and rationality; connections between reasons, knowledge, understanding and evidence; reasons encountered in perception and testimony; moral principles, prudence and reasons; agent-relative reasons; epistemic challenges to our access to reasons; normativity in relation to meaning, concepts, and intentionality; instrumental reasons; pragmatic reasons for belief; aesthetic reasons; and reasons for emotions.
(source: Nielsen Book Data) 9780199657889 20180723

• A: Reference and realism
• 1: Logics and languages
• 2: Permutations and referential indeterminacy
• 3: Ramsey sentences and Newman's objection
• 4: Compactness, infinitesimals, and the reals
• 5: Sameness of structure and theory B: Categoricity
• 6: Modelism and mathematical doxology
• 7: Categoricity and the natural numbers
• 8: Categoricity and the sets
• 9: Transcendental arguments
• 10: Internal categoricity and the natural numbers
• 11: Internal categoricity and the sets
• 12: Internal categoricity and truth
• 13: Boolean-valued structures C: Indiscernibility and classification
• 14: Types and Stone spaces
• 15: Indiscernibility
• 16: Quantifiers
• 17: Classification and uncountable categoricity D: Historical appendix Wilfrid Hodges: A short history of model theory.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Model theory is used in every theoretical branch of analytic philosophy: in philosophy of mathematics, in philosophy of science, in philosophy of language, in philosophical logic, and in metaphysics. But these wide-ranging uses of model theory have created a highly fragmented literature. On the one hand, many philosophically significant results are found only in mathematics textbooks: these are aimed squarely at mathematicians; they typically presuppose that the reader has a serious background in mathematics; and little clue is given as to their philosophical significance. On the other hand, the philosophical applications of these results are scattered across disconnected pockets of papers. The first aim of this book, then, is to explore the philosophical uses of model theory, focusing on the central topics of reference, realism, and doxology. Its second aim is to address important questions in the philosophy of model theory, such as: sameness of theories and structure, the boundaries of logic, and the classification of mathematical structures. Philosophy and Model Theory will be accessible to anyone who has completed an introductory logic course. It does not assume that readers have encountered model theory before, but starts right at the beginning, discussing philosophical issues that arise even with conceptually basic model theory. Moreover, the book is largely self-contained: model-theoretic notions are defined as and when they are needed for the philosophical discussion, and many of the most philosophically significant results are given accessible proofs.
(source: Nielsen Book Data) 9780198790402 20190204

• Intuitions as inferential judgments / Magdalena Balcerak Jackson
• The simple argument for subclassical logic / JC Beall
• Delimiting the boundaries of inference / Paul Boghossian
• From logical expressivism to expressivist logic : sketch of a program and some implementations / Robert Brandom
• Antiobjects / Josh Dever
• Solving the problem of logical omniscience / Sinan Dogramaci
• Paradoxes and structural rules from a dialogical perspective / Catarina Dutilh Novaes and Rohan French --First order logical validity and the Hilbert-Bernays Theorem / Gary Ebbs and Warren Goldfarb
• In praise of a logic of definitions that tolerates omega-inconsistency / Anil Gupta
• Dummett on indefinite extensibility / Øystein Linnebo
• Varieties of inference? / Anna-Sara Malmgren
• An object-based truthmaker semantics for models / Friederike Moltmann
• Rationally determinable conditions / Ram Neta
• Paradoxical propositions / Graham Priest
• Logical nihilism : could there be no logic? / Gillian Russell
• Is there a reliability challenge for logic? / Joshua Schechter
• On the explanatory power of truth in logic / Gila Sher
• A probabilistic epistemology of perceptual belief / Ralph Wedgwood
• Alternative logics and applied mathematics / Timothy Williamson
• Logical non-cognitivism / Crispin Wright.

• Introduction: the planning framework
• Intention, belief, practical, theoretical (2009)
• Intention, belief, and instrumental rationality (2009)
• Intention, practical rationality, and self-governance (2009)
• Agency, time, and sociality (2010)
• Time, rationality, and self-governance (2012)
• Temptation and the agent's standpoint (2014)
• The interplay of intention and reason (2013)
• Consistency and coherence in plan (2014)
• Rational planning agency (2017)
• A planning agent's self-governance over time.

Our human capacity for planning agency plays central roles in the cross-temporal organization of our agency, in our acting and thinking together (both at a time and over time), and in our self-governance (both at a time and over time). Intentions can be understood as states in such a planning system. The practical thinking at the bottom of this planning capacity is guided by norms that enjoin synchronic plan consistency and means-end coherence as well as forms of plan stability over time. The essays in this book aim to deepen our understanding of these norms and to defend their status as norms of practical rationality for planning agents. The general guidance by these planning norms has many pragmatic benefits, especially given our cognitive and epistemic limits. But appeal to these general pragmatic benefits does not fully explain the normative force of these norms in the particular case. In response to this challenge some think these norms are, at bottom, norms of theoretical rationality on one's beliefs; some think these norms are constitutive of intentional agency; some think they are norms of interpretation; and some think the idea of such norms of practical rationality is a myth. These essays chart an alternative path. This path sees these planning norms as tracking conditions of a planning agent's self-governance, both at a time and over time. It seeks associated models of such self-governance. And it appeals to the idea that the end of one's self-governance over time, while not essential to intentional agency per se, is, within the planning framework, rationally self-sustaining and a keystone of a rationally stable reflective equilibrium that involves the norms of plan rationality. This end is thereby in a position to play a role in our planning framework that parallels the role of a concern with quality of will within the framework of the reactive emotions, as understood by Peter Strawson.
(source: Nielsen Book Data) 9780190867867 20181001

• Table of Contents
• Introduction
• PART 1: PUBLIC REASON IN SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY
• Hobbes
• from Leviathan
• Critical Essay: Sharon A. Lloyd, Public Reason in Hobbes
• Locke
• from Second Treatise of Government,
• A Letter Concerning Toleration
• Critical Essay: Gerald F. Gaus, Locke's Liberal Theory of Public Reason
• Rousseau from A Discourse on Political Economy,
• The Social Contract
• Critical Essay: Christopher Bertram, Rousseau on Public Reason
• Kant
• from The Science of Right,
• The Principles of Political Right Considered in Common with the Relation of Theory to Practice in the Right of the State,
• Perpetual Peace,
• What is Enlightenment?
• Critical Essay: Oliver Sensen, Kant on Public Reason
• PART 2: PUBLIC REASON IN BROADER HISTORICAL CONTEXT
• Hume
• Critical Essay: Geoffrey Sayre-McCord, Hume's Theory of Public Reason
• Hegel
• Critical Essay: Kenneth R. Westphal, The Centrality of Public Reason in Hegel's Moral Philosophy
• Bentham Critical Essay: Gerald J. Postema, Jeremy Bentham: Theorist of Publicity
• Mill
• Critical Essay: Piers Norris Turner, Social Morality in Mill.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

When people of good faith and sound mind disagree deeply about moral, religious, and other philosophical matters, how can we justify political institutions to all of them? The idea of public reason-of a shared public standard, despite disagreement-arose in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in the work of Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, and Kant. At a time when John Rawls' influential theory of public reason has come under fire but its core idea remains attractive to many, it is important not to lose sight of earlier philosophers' answers to the problem of private conflict through public reason. The distinctive selections from the great social contract theorists in this volume emphasize the pervasive theme of intractable disagreement and the need for public justification. New essays by leading scholars then put the historical work in context and provide a focus of debate and discussion. They also explore how the search for public reason has informed a wider body of modern political theory-in the work of Hume, Hegel, Bentham, and Mill-sometimes in surprising ways. The idea of public reason is revealed as an overarching theme in modern political philosophy-one very much needed today.
(source: Nielsen Book Data) 9780415855594 20190204

• Introduction
• Marija Jankovic and Kirk Ludwig
• Part I Collective Action and Intention
• Introduction to Part I
• Marija Jankovic and Kirk Ludwig
• 1. Collective Action and Agency
• Sarah Chant
• 2. Non-Reductive Views of Shared Intention
• Raimo Tuomela
• 3. Reductive Views of Shared Intention
• Facundo Alonso
• 4. Interpersonal Obligation in Joint Action
• Abe Roth
• 5. Proxy Agency in Collective Action
• Kirk Ludwig
• 6. Coordinating Joint Action
• Stephen Butterfill
• Part II Shared and Joint Attitudes
• Introduction to Part II
• Marija Jankovic and Kirk Ludwig
• 7. Collective Belief and Acceptance
• Fred Schmitt
• 8. Shared Values, Interests, and Desires
• Bryce Huebner and Marcus Hedahl
• 9. Joint Attention
• John Campbell
• 10. Joint Commitment
• Margaret Gilbert
• 11. Collective Memory
• Kourken Michaelian and John Sutton
• 12. Collective Emotions
• Hans Bernhard Schmid
• 13. Collective Phenomenology
• Elisabeth Pacherie
• Part III Epistemology and Rationality in the Social Context
• Introduction to Part III
• Marija Jankovic and Kirk Ludwig
• 14. Common Knowledge
• Harvey Lederman
• 15. Collective Epistemology
• Jennifer Lackey
• 16. Rationality and Cooperation
• Paul Weirich
• 17. Team Reasoning: Controversies and Open Research Questions
• Natalie Gold
• 18. Distributive Cognitive Systems
• Georg Theiner
• 19. Corporate Agency: The Lesson of the Discursive Dilemma
• Phillip Pettit
• Part IV Social Ontology
• Introduction to Part IV
• Marija Jankovic and Kirk Ludwig
• 20. Social Construction and Social Facts
• Brian Epstein
• 21. Social Groups
• Paul Sheehy
• 22. Social Kinds
• Asta
• 23. Status Functions
• John Searle
• Part V Collectives and Responsibility
• Introduction to Part V
• Marija Jankovic and Kirk Ludwig
• 24. Collective Intentions and Collective Moral Responsibility
• Marion Smiley
• 25. Complicity
• Saba Bazargan-Forward
• 26. Institutional Responsibility
• Seumas Miller
• Part VI Collective Intentionality and Social Institutions
• Introduction to Part VI
• Marija Jankovic and Kirk Ludwig
• 27. Institutions and Collective Intentionality
• Frank Hindriks
• 28. Collective Intentionality and Language
• Marija Jankovic
• 29. Collective Intentionality in the Law
• Gideon Yaffe
• 30. Collective Intentionality and Methodology in the Social Sciences
• Deborah Perron Tollefsen
• Part VII The Extent, Origins, and Development of Collective Intentionality
• Introduction to Part VII
• Marija Jankovic and Kirk Ludwig
• 31. Development of Collective Intentionality
• Hannes Rakoczy
• 32. Collective Intentionality in Non-Human Animals
• Robert A. Wilson
• 33. Origins of Collective Intentionality
• Jan M. Engelmann and Michael Tomasello
• Part VIII Semantics of Collectivity
• Introduction to Part VIII
• Marija Jankovic and Kirk Ludwig
• 34. Logic and Plurals
• Salvatore Florio and Oystein Linnebo
• 35. Plural and Collective Noun Phrases
• Katherine Ritchie
• 36. Actions and Events in Plural Discourse
• Kirk Ludwig.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The Routledge Handbook of Collective Intentionality provides a wide-ranging survey of topics in a rapidly expanding area of interdisciplinary research. It consists of 36 chapters, written exclusively for this volume, by an international team of experts. What is distinctive about the study of collective intentionality within the broader study of social interactions and structures is its focus on the conceptual and psychological features of joint or shared actions and attitudes, and their implications for the nature of social groups and their functioning. This Handbook fully captures this distinctive nature of the field and how it subsumes the study of collective action, responsibility, reasoning, thought, intention, emotion, phenomenology, decision-making, knowledge, trust, rationality, cooperation, competition, and related issues, as well as how these underpin social practices, organizations, conventions, institutions and social ontology. Like the field, the Handbook is interdisciplinary, drawing on research in philosophy, cognitive science, linguistics, legal theory, anthropology, sociology, computer science, psychology, economics, and political science. Finally, the Handbook promotes several specific goals: (1) it provides an important resource for students and researchers interested in collective intentionality; (2) it integrates work across disciplines and areas of research as it helps to define the shape and scope of an emerging area of research; (3) it advances the study of collective intentionality.
(source: Nielsen Book Data) 9781138783638 20180423

• Contents Contributors Acknowledgements Preface Introduction: The Nature and Explanatory Ambitions of Metaethics Tristram McPherson, and David Plunkett I. ã ã ã ã ã ã Central Organizing Options in Metaethics
• Non-Naturalistic Realism in Metaethics David Enoch Naturalistic Realism in Metaethics Peter Railton Error Theory in MetaethicsJonas Olson Fictionalism in MetaethicsRichard Joyce Metaethical Expressivism Elisabeth Camp Metaethical Contextualism Alex Silk Metaethical Relativism Isidora Stojanovic II.ã ã ã Central Problems and Strategies in Metaethics
• Realism and Objectivity Billy Dunaway Metaphysical Relations in Metaethics Gideon Rosen The Supervenience Challenge to Non-Naturalism Pekka Vayrynen Vagueness and Indeterminacy in Ethics Tom Dougherty Deontic Modals Jennifer Carr Thick Concepts Debbie Roberts The Frege-Geach Problem Jack Woods Hybrid Accounts of Ethical Thought and Talk Teemu Toppinen Conceptual Role Accounts of Meaning in Metaethics Matthew Chrisman The Significance of Ethical Disagreement for Theories of Ethical Thought and Talk Gunnar Bjornsson Cognitivism and Non-Cognitivism Matthew S. Bedke Ethical Judgment and Motivation David Faraci and Tristram McPherson Reasons Internalism Errol Lord and David Plunkett The Wrong Kind of Reasons Howard Nye Mind-Dependence and Moral Realism Connie S. Rosati Constitutivism Michael Smith Constructivism Melissa Barry Normativity and Agency Hille Paakkunainen Mores and Morals: Metaethics and the Social World Kenneth Walden The Autonomy of Ethics Barry Maguire Explanatory Challenges in Metaethics Joshua Schechter Ethical Expertise Karen Jones and Francois Schroeter Intuitionism in Moral Epistemology Elizabeth Tropman Moral Scepticism Matt Lutz and Jacob Ross The Epistemic Significance of Moral Disagreement Dustin Locke III. The status and methodology of metaethics
• Metasemantics and Metaethics Laura Schroeter and Francois Schroeter Conceptual Analysis in Metaethics Nicholas Laskowski and Stephen Finlay Ethics and Morality Stephen Darwall The Varieties of Normativity Derek Baker Pragmatism and Metaethics Andrew Sepielli Feminism and Metaethics Amia Srinivasan Experimental Philosophy and Moral Theory Chandra Sripada Quasi-realism Terence Cuneo Metaethical Quietism Karl Schafer and Doug Kremm Methodological Naturalism in Metaethics ã Daniel Nolan Normative Ethics and Metaethics ã Mark Schroeder Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This Handbook surveys the contemporary state of the burgeoning field of metaethics. Forty-three chapters, all written exclusively for this volume, provide expert introductions to: the central research programs that frame metaethical discussions the central explanatory challenges, resources, and strategies that inform contemporary work in those research programs debates over the status of metaethics, and the appropriate methods to use in metaethical inquiry This is essential reading for anyone with a serious interest in metaethics, from those coming to it for the first time to those actively pursuing research in the field.
(source: Nielsen Book Data) 9781138812208 20171023

Sebastian Rodl undermines a foundational dogma of contemporary philosophy: that knowledge, in order to be objective, must be knowledge of something that is as it is, independent of being known to be so. This profound work revives the thought that knowledge, precisely on account of being objective, is self-knowledge: knowledge knowing itself.
(source: Nielsen Book Data) 9780674976511 20180319

• Preface ixAcknowledgments xi1 Measurement
• 12 Judgment
• 223 Psychology
• 484 Frequency
• 625 Mathematics
• 796 Inverse Inference
• 1007 Unification
• 1228 Algorithmic Randomness
• 1459 Physical Chance
• 16510 Induction 190Appendix: Probability Tutorial 209Notes 225Annotated Select Bibliography 239Image Credits 247Index 249.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

A fascinating account of the breakthrough ideas that transformed probability and statistics In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, gamblers and mathematicians transformed the idea of chance from a mystery into the discipline of probability, setting the stage for a series of breakthroughs that enabled or transformed innumerable fields, from gambling, mathematics, statistics, economics, and finance to physics and computer science. This book tells the story of ten great ideas about chance and the thinkers who developed them, tracing the philosophical implications of these ideas as well as their mathematical impact. Persi Diaconis and Brian Skyrms begin with Girolamo Cardano, a sixteenth-century physician, mathematician, and professional gambler who helped develop the idea that chance actually can be measured. They describe how later thinkers showed how the judgment of chance also can be measured, how frequency is related to chance, and how chance, judgment, and frequency could be unified. Diaconis and Skyrms explain how Thomas Bayes laid the foundation of modern statistics, and they explore David Hume's problem of induction, Andrey Kolmogorov's general mathematical framework for probability, the application of computability to chance, and why chance is essential to modern physics. A final idea--that we are psychologically predisposed to error when judging chance--is taken up through the work of Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky. Complete with a brief probability refresher, Ten Great Ideas about Chance is certain to be a hit with anyone who wants to understand the secrets of probability and how they were discovered.
(source: Nielsen Book Data) 9780691174167 20180205

• Part I: The moving image of eternity. When Einstein walked with Gödel ; Time
• the grand illusion?
• Part II: Numbers in the brain, in platonic heaven, and in society. Numbers guy: the neuroscience of math ; The Riemann Zeta conjecture and the laughter of the primes ; Sir Francis Galton, the father of statistics...and eugenics
• Part III: Mathematics, pure and impure. A mathematical romance ; The avatars of higher mathematics ; Benoit Mandelbrot and the discovery of fractals
• Part IV: Higher dimensions, abstract maps. Geometrical creatures ; A comedy of colors
• Part V: Infinity, large and small. Infinite visions: Georg Cantor v. David Foster Wallace ; Worshipping infinity: why the Russians do and the French don't ; The dangerous idea of the infinitesimal
• Part VI: Heroism, tragedy, and the computer age. The Ada perplex: was Byron's daughter the first coder? ; Alan Turing in life, logic, and death ; Dr. Strangelove makes a thinking machine ; Smarter, happier, more productive
• Part VII: The cosmos reconsidered. The string theory wars: is beauty truth? ; Einstein, "Spooky action," and the reality of space ; How will the Universe end?
• Part VII: Quick studies: a selection of shorter essays. Little big man ; Doom soon ; Death: bad? ; The looking-glass war ; Astrology and the demarcation problem ; Gödel takes on the U.S. Constitution ; The law of least action ; Emmy Noether's beautiful theorem ; Is logic coercive? ; Newcomb's problem and the paradox of choice ; The right not to exist ; Can't anyone get Heisenberg right? ; Overconfidence and the Monty Hall problem ; The cruel law of eponymy ; The mind of a rock
• Part IX: God, sainthood, truth, and bullshit. Dawkins and the deity ; On moral sainthood ; Truth and reference: a philosophical feud ; Say anything.

"A collection of essays on philosophy, mathematics, and science, and the people who pursue them"-- Provided by publisher.

• Part I: The publishing process. Books and journals
• Manuscript preparation, manuscript editing, and proofreading
• Illustrations and tables
• Rights, permissions, and copyright administration / by William S. Strong
• Part II: Style and usage. Grammar and usage / by Bryan A. Garner
• Punctuation
• Spelling, distinctive treatment of words, and compounds
• Names, terms, and titles of terms
• Numbers
• Abbreviations
• Languages other than English
• Mathematics in type
• Quotations and dialogue
• Part III: Source citations and indexes. Notes and bibliography
• Author-date references
• Indexes.

• Notes on Contributors ix Foreword xvi Acknowledgments xix Part I Introductory Articles
• 1
• 1 The Nature of Applied Philosophy
• 3 Kasper Lippert ]Rasmussen
• 2 The Methodology of Applied Philosophy
• 18 David Archard
• 3 The Value of Applied Philosophy
• 34 Suzanne Uniacke Part II Epistemology
• 49
• 4 Applied Epistemology
• 51 David Coady
• 5 Gender and Feminist Epistemology
• 61 Nancy Daukas
• 6 The Epistemology of Deliberative Democracy
• 76 Fabienne Peter
• 7 Information Markets
• 89 Kristoffer Ahlstrom ]Vij
• 8 Epistemology for (Real) People
• 103 Michael Bishop and J.D. Trout
• 9 Are Conspiracy Theorists Epistemically Vicious?
• 120 Charles R. Pigden
• 10 Experts in the Climate Change Debate
• 133 Ben Almassi
• 11 Freedom of Expression, Diversity, and Truth
• 147 Klemens Kappel, Bjorn Hallsson, and Emil F.L. Moller Part III Metaphysics and Philosophy of Language
• 163
• 12 Applied Metaphysics
• 165 Katherine Hawley
• 13 Applied Philosophy of Language
• 180 Emma Borg
• 14 Social Ontology and War
• 196 Seumas Miller
• 15 The Metaphysics of Gender
• 211 Natalie Stoljar
• 16 The Existence of the Dead
• 224 Steven Luper
• 17 Freedom of Expression and Derogatory Words
• 236 Caroline West Part IV Ethics
• 253
• 18 Applied Moral Philosophy
• 255 Richard Arneson
• 19 Neuroethics and Responsibility
• 270 Neil Levy
• 20 Non ]ideal Theory
• 284 Zofia Stemplowska
• 21 Death: Badness and Prudential Reasons
• 297 Jens Johansson Part V Political Philosophy and Philosophy of Law
• 311
• 22 Applied Political and Legal Philosophy
• 313 Michelle Madden Dempsey and Matthew Lister
• 23 Legal Human Rights Theory
• 328 Samantha Besson
• 24 Collectivism and Reductivism in the Ethics of War
• 342 Helen Frowe
• 25 Freedom of Association
• 356 Kimberley Brownlee
• 26 Neuroethics and Criminal Justice
• 370 Jesper Ryberg and Thomas Sobirk Petersen
• 27 Deliberative Democracy
• 383 Thomas Christiano and Sameer Bajaj
• 28 Tax Ethics: Political and Individual
• 397 Geoffrey Brennan and George Tsai
• 29 Benefiting from Wrongdoing
• 411 Avia Pasternak
• 30 Freedom of Religion and Expression
• 424 Larry Alexander Part VI Philosophy of Science
• 439
• 31 Applied Philosophy of Social Science: The Case of the Social Construction of Race
• 441 Isaac Wiegman and Ron Mallon
• 32 Social Constructivism in Social Science and Science Wars
• 455 Finn Collin
• 33 Did Climate Change Cause That?
• 469 Richard Corry Part VII Aesthetics
• 485
• 34 Applied Aesthetics
• 487 David Davies
• 35 Thought Experiments in Aesthetics
• 501 Paisley Livingston and Mikael Pettersson
• 36 Aesthetic Value, Artistic Value, and Morality
• 514 Andrea Sauchelli
• 37 The Applied Philosophy of Humor
• 527 Noel Carroll Part VIII Philosophy of Religion
• 539
• 38 Applied Philosophy of Religion
• 541 C.A.J. Coady
• 39 Thinking about Reported Miracles
• 555 Timothy Mcgrew
• 40 Religion and Neuroscience
• 567 Monima Chadha Part IX History of Applied Philosophy
• 583
• 41 Ancient Applied Philosophy
• 585 Chris Megone
• 42 Modern Applied Philosophy: Kant on Theory and Practice
• 599 Allen Wood Index 612.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Applied philosophy has been a growing area of research for the last 40 years. Until now, however, almost all of this research has been centered around the field of ethics. A Companion to Applied Philosophy breaks new ground, demonstrating that all areasof philosophy, including epistemology, metaphysics, philosophy of science, and philosophy of mind, can be applied, and are relevant to questions of everyday life. This perennial topic in philosophy provides an overview of these various applied philosophy developments, highlighting similarities and differences between various areas of applied philosophy, and examining the very nature of this topic. It is an area to which many of the towering figures in the history of philosophy have contributed, and this timely Companion demonstrates how various historical contributions are actually contributions within applied philosophy, even if they are not traditionally seen as such. The Companion contains 42 essays covering major areas of philosophy; the articles themselves are all original contributions to the literature and represent the state of the art on this topic, as well as offering a map to the current debates.
(source: Nielsen Book Data) 9781118869130 20170418