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• Welcomed by crows
• I become a gardener
• Camp life
• My first whipping
• Sickness and disease
• A hand through the barbed wire
• Building the monument
• Thumann and the beatings
• Categories of prisoner
• Hunger and the jackals
• Organization of the camp
• The mausoleum and the turtle
• Homo homini lupus
• Peter Birzer
• The arrival of the Jews
• Herr Knips
• Food packages
• Finishing off the Jews
• The gallows and selections for the gas
• The golden calf
• Releases and contact with the free world
• Fluchtpunkte
• Killing the Effektenkammer Kommando
• The camp administration
• The move to Field 4
• Fourteen thousand peasants
• Marmorstein
• Auf der Flucht erschossen
• Seeing my brother
• I get my Fluchtpunkt
• The plan to free the camp
• Lagersperre
• The massacre of seventeen thousand Jews
• The Gehenna in the Lagerschreibstube
• Typhus fever
• Hessel the fiddler
• Christmas Eve, 1943
• The dead arrive
• Sexualnot
• Exekutiert
• Laurich, the "angel of death"
• They count us like gold, but treat us like shit
• Every SS man carries a baton in his bag
• The Revier
• Daily pensum
• Trips to the laundry
• Transports
• Thumann leads me to the crematorium
• The best depart
• Shipping corpses
• The last of the Mohicans
• My typhus
• The air raid of the camp
• Convalescence
• Judgment day
• Hunting for Home Army soldiers
• Shortening the front
• Camp evacuation under Soviet fire
• A brickyard in Kraśnik
• A shed in Skarżysko
• Zugang 190 513 in Auschwitz

In this memoir, Jerzy Kwiatkowski tells the harrowing tale of the sixteen months he spent at Majdanek, a concentration camp on the outskirts of Lublin in occupied Poland. In stark detail, he describes the organization and operations of the camp and, for its prisoners, the fierce struggle for survival. Written in 1945, with events still fresh in his mind, Kwiatkowski's memoir provides a documentary-caliber look at prisoner life, from its mundane frustrations-endless roll calls, rations of rutabaga and potatoes-to its glimmers of hope-smuggled contraband, the strong bonds formed by the prisoners. It offers a first-person view on the Nazi regime's darkest excesses, from forced labor and starvation to systematic murder. First released under Soviet-era censorship in Poland in 1966, Kwiatkowski's memoir was published in a complete, uncensored Polish version in 2018 and has now been translated into English for the first time. The edition is richly illustrated with rare archival images from the Hoover Institution Library & Archives and the State Museum at Majdanek, who are proud to make this valuable historical record available to a wide audience.
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• Pt. I. Essays. Picturing empire : nishiki-e and the wars of Imperial Japan / Olivia Morello ; Michael Auslin
• Anchors of history : the long shadow of Imperial Japanese propaganda / Barak Kushner
• Multinational perspectives of visualized journalism on the Sino-Japanese War : a comparative study of Meiji Japan, Qing China, and Europe / Toshihiko Kishi
• Nishiki-e and war prints / Junichi Okubo
• A visual revolution : the emperor in popular nishiki-e / Alice Y. Tseng
• Visual media trends during the Russo-Japanese War period : a comparative study of Meiji Japan and Czarist Russia / Toshihiko Kishi
• Bakudan san'yūshi : the three heroes of Shanghai / Hanae Kurihara Kramer ; Scott Kramer
• The Pacific War and kamishibai / Tsuneo Yasuda
• Printed wartime kamishibai / Taketoshi Yamamoto
• pt. II. Collection highlights. Women at war -- Bushidō : samurai values -- Iconic symbols -- War horses -- Technology -- International propaganda war

Japan's Meiji Restoration brought swift changes through Japanese adoption of Western-style modernization and imperial expansion. Fanning the Flames brings together a range of scholarly essays and collected materials from the Hoover Institution Library & Archives detailing how Japanese propaganda played an active role in fostering national identity and mobilizing grassroots participation in the country's transformation and wartime activities, starting with the First Sino-Japanese War to the end of World War II.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Einleitung
• Eine jüdische Kindheit
• Politische Anfänge und die SPD
• Rosa Luxemburg
• Revolution
• Für die KPD im Preussischen Landtag
• "Bolschewisierung" und "Stalinisierung"
• Der Weg in Exil
• Frankreich und die USA
• Rückkehr nach Deutschland und zur SPD

Fyodor Sergeyevich Olferieff (1885-1971) led a remarkable life in the shadows of history. This book presents his memoirs for the first time, translated and annotated by his granddaughter Tanya A. Cameron. Born into a noble family, Olferieff was a Russian career military officer who observed firsthand key events of the early twentieth century, including the 1905-7 revolution, the Great War, the collapse of the imperial state, and the civil wars in Ukraine and Crimea. Olferieff wrestles with moral and political questions, wondering whether his own advantages could be justified-and whether, if born a peasant, he might have thrown himself into the revolution. As Gary Hamburg writes in an illuminating companion essay, Olferieff wrote "to understand himself and to record his broken life for posterity" as a privileged observer of a bloody, historically pivotal era.
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• A life of groundbreaking achievement
• The theoretical physicist
• In service to country : Jason and the Cold War
• Declaration of principle
• The Hoover Institution and the Gang of Four
• Bagatelles for Drell

Sidney Drell (1926-2016) left a legacy worthy of many lifetimes. Physicist, professor, national security expert, amateur musician, behind-the-scenes diplomat, and champion for peace and human rights, he was also friend and mentor. Dozens of interviews with those whose lives he touched reveal Drell as a man of brilliance, curiosity, and passions, whose devotion to the arts, family, and community equaled his love for physics.Teaching at Stanford University and working at its linear particle accelerator, Drell made significant scientific contributions. Not content to leave science in the lab or classroom, Drell brought his intellectual heft to public service, advising the US government on issues relating to science, advocating for Russian dissident Andrei Sakharov, and urging nuclear disarmament. Scaling the heights of achievement with a down-to-earth sensibility, Drell met his destiny empowered and validated by a prodigious mind, generous spirit, and tact in fostering goodwill for the benefit of all.
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• Identifying change
• Developing familiarity with all military domains
• Losing trust in a wartime general
• Rehabilitating the army after a botched war
• Leading a change in force design
• Building relationships with the political echelon in force design

The commander, or chief of staff, of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) is a prominent public figure in Israel. His decisions, advice, and persona exert direct influence on force design and military strategy, and indirectly impact social, economic, and foreign affairs. This first-ever in-depth comparative study on the role and performance of the IDF chiefs of staff throughout modern Israel's history offers lessons for practitioners and students of strategy, military history, and leadership everywhere.
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• Chapter One: Guidelines: Debated and Implemented
• Chapter Two: Wage and Price Controls: Bad Economics Brings Bad Policy
• Chapter Three: Damage Control as the Economy Fights Back
• Chapter Four: Reversal and Reform: Good Economics Generates Good Policy
• Chapter Five: Orthodox Policies and Strategic Thinking Work
• Appendix A: Timeline of Key Events
• Appendix B: Letter from Arthur Burns to President Nixon, June 22, 1971 Appendix C: Economic Strategy for the Reagan Administration: A Report to President-Elect Ronald Reagan from His Coordinating Committee on Economic Policy, November 16, 1980
• Appendix D: Frequently Asked Questions
• Notes
• References for Further Reading
• Acknowledgments
• About the Authors
• Index

What are the keys to good economic policy? George P. Shultz and John B. Taylor draw from their several decades of experience at the forefront of national economic policy making to show how market fundamentals beat politically popular government interventions-be they from Democrats or Republicans-as a recipe for success. Choose Economic Freedom reconstructs debates from the 1960s and 1970s about the use of wage and price controls as tools of policy, showing how brilliant economists can hold diametrically opposed views about the wisdom of using government intervention to spur the economy. Speeches and documents from the era include a recently unearthed memo from Arthur Burns, Federal Reserve chair, in 1971, in which he argues in favor of controls. Under Burns's guidance and in the face of stubborn inflation, Nixon introduced wage and price guidelines and freezes. But over the long run, these became a drag on the economy and ultimately failed. It wasn't until the Reagan administration that these controls were reversed, resulting in a vibrant economy. The words of iconic economist Milton Friedman-whose "free to choose" ethos inspired the free-market revolution of the Reagan era-along with lessons Shultz and Taylor learned from the front lines, demonstrate that tried-and-true economic policy works.
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• Amphibious special operation : night attack on Porto Ercoletto, Tuscany, 2 June 1555 / Jacopo Pessina
• 1574 Siege of Leiden during the Eighty Years' War : attack by land, relief by sea / Samuel de Korte
• Amphibious Genesis : Thomas More Molyneux and the birth of amphibious doctrine / Andrew Young
• Delaware River Campaign of 1777 : an examinationof an eighteenth-century amphibious operation / James R. McIntyre
• Vera Cruz, 1847 / J. Overton
• Courting disaster : the battle of Santa Rosa Island, 8-9 October 1861 / Edward J. Hagerty
• Korea, 1871 : the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps in great power competition / Benjamin Armstrong
• Estonian amphibious operations in the Eastern Baltic, 1918-20 / Eric A. Sibul
• U.S. Marine Corps and Gallipoli / Angus Murray
• Ambiguous application : the study of amphibious warfare at the Marine Corps Schools, 1920-33 / Bruce Gudmundsson
• Operation Weserubung : early amphibious multidomain operations / James K. Greer
• Reich strikes back : German victory in the Dodecanese, October-November 1943 / Jeffrey Schultz

• Missing the mark : lessons in naval gunfire support at Tarawa / James P. McGrath III
• Soviet strategic attack and the tactical amphibious failure at Merküla in 1944 / Andrew Del Gaudio
• Learning the lessons of Port-en-Bessin, 1944 / John D. Salt
• German naval evacuations on the Eastern Front, 1943-45 / Gregory Liedtke
• Against all odds : Turkish amphibious operation in Cyprus, 20-23 July 1974 / Serhat Güvenç and Mesut Uyar
• Role of amphibious operations within the multidomain operational construct : background and considerations / Keith D. Dickson
• Future is amphibious : the role of naval special warfare in the great power competition / Sulakshana Komerath
• Uncertainty, Maskirovka, and militarism : Russian perspectives and amphibious assault potential in the arctic near future / Ellen A. Ahlness
• Naval strategy and the future of amphibious operations / B.A. Friedman
• United Kingdom's approach to amphibious operations : from the Cold War to the information age / Kevin Rowlands
• U.S. Marine Corps and advanced base operations : past, present, and future / Walker D. Mills
• Conclusion / B.A. Friedman and Timothy Heck

"The basis for On Contested Shores has been under construction since before the Commandant released the planning guidance. As career Marine officers, who spent very little time at sea, the editors have long been concerned that the Marine Corps was becoming too land-centric, heavily reflecting the characteristics of a second land army. This has been true since 1991, when the Marine Corps participated in a land campaign in Iraq, and especially since 2001, when it participated in three land campaigns: Afghanistan, Iraq, and Syria. To fight these battles, the Marine Corps became heavier, upgraded equipment, and generally focused on counterinsurgency tactics vice amphibious warfare. While the Marine Corps always steps up to fight alongside the U.S. Army, its purpose is naval campaigns fought alongside the U.S. Navy. This book is in part a way to help figure out how to regain and maintain the skills necessary for maritime operations"-- Provided by publisher

• Retweets to midnight: assessing the effects of the information ecosystem on crisis decision making between nuclear weapons states
• Psychological underpinnings of post-truth in political beliefs
• The caveman and the bomb in the digital age
• Gaming communication on the global stage: social media disinformation in crisis situations
• Information operations and online activism within NATO discourse

Disinformation and misinformation have always been part of conflict. But as the essays in this volume outline, the rise of social media and the new global information ecosystem have created conditions for the spread of propaganda like never before-with potentially disastrous results. In our "post-truth" era of bots, trolls, and intemperate presidential tweets, popular social platforms like Twitter and Facebook provide a growing medium for manipulation of information directed to individuals, institutions, and global leaders. A new type of warfare is being fought online each day, often in 280 characters or fewer. Targeted influence campaigns have been waged in at least forty-eight countries so far. We've entered an age where stability during an international crisis can be deliberately manipulated at greater speed, on a larger scale, and at a lower cost than at any previous time in history. This volume examines the current reality from a variety of angles, considering how digital misinformation might affect the likelihood of international conflict and how it might influence the perceptions and actions of leaders and their publics before and during a crisis. It sounds the alarm about how social media increases information overload and promotes "fast thinking, " with potentially catastrophic results for nuclear powers.
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• Underway : aboard the MS Day Star
• Nouméa, New Caledonia
• Milne Bay, New Guinea
• Admiralty Island
• New Caledonia, second tour
• Underway : aboard the USS J. Franklin Bell
• Okinawa, Ryukyu Islands of Japan
• Finally, it was over.

The Battalion Artist explores the three years, three months, and three days of Nat Bellantoni's life on the Pacific front in World War II. He had known since childhood that he wanted to be-that he in fact was-an artist. When he packed his seabag and took leave of his family and his sweetheart to go to war, he knew that the best way to manage the narrative of his life and to cope with the ups and downs of his feelings was to create images-visual records that spoke of what he felt, as well as what he saw. In this stunning book filled with authentic World War II images-many in full color-we see and feel the intensity of wartime life through the eyes of a talented young artist who was also a US Navy Seabee. Natale Bellantoni, a young art student from Boston, sailed across the Pacific in 1943-45 and returned home with a sea chest of art and photographs documenting his experiences in New Caledonia, New Guinea, the Admiralty Islands, and Okinawa. His subject matter was his daily life: endless weeks at sea, harbors and ships, men at work, airstrips, the local countryside, and the view of enemy planes overhead at night from his fox hole. Now collected in a lavishly illustrated volume, his watercolors, sketches, and photographs offer a window onto one of the most significant moments in American history. The Battalion Artist explores the World War II experiences of Nat Bellantoni, but it reflects the story of an entire generation.
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• Between reason and faith : preliminary notes
• Diasporic nation and territorial nations
• The Zionist deficit
• "Negation of the exile" : stumbling block to acculturation
• The Gordian Knot : religion and nationhood
• The transition from sovereignty-in-the-making to sovereignty
• Ben-Gurionist statism
• The ethos of survival
• The centrality of death in Israel
• The interaction between governance and religion
• Diverse characteristics of the counterrevolution in religious Zionism
• The counterrevolution in the chronological mirror.

Over seven decades after the founding of Israel, the momentum to establish a Jewish state has led to remarkable achievements in the nation's "hardware": stable structures in government, the military, and the economy. At the same time, the "operating system", the guidelines that accommodate human diversity and enable coexistence, is still riddled with weaknesses. Arye Carmon diagnoses the critical vulnerabilities at the heart of Israeli democracy and the obstacles to forming a sustainable national consciousness. The author merges touching narratives about his own life in Israel with insightful ruminations on the Jewish diaspora and the arc of Israel's history, illuminating the conflicts between Jewish identities and between democratic values and the halacha -- the collective body of Jewish religious laws. There is no consensus on the characteristics that define Israel as a state that is both Jewish and democratic. Rather, the struggle between a secular and a religious Jewish identity, amid voices promoting ethnocentric nationalism, threatens to sever the ties that strengthen democracy. This cultural fragility has far-reaching implications for Israeli institutions and deepens societal rifts. Israel lacks a constitution to bind its democracy and a bill of rights to safeguard the freedoms of its citizens, enable the inclusion of diverse outlooks and beliefs, and underpin the norms of its civil society.
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• Introduction. Chairman Xi remakes the PLA / Joel Wuthnow and Philip C. Saunders
• Part I: Drivers and strategic context. Breaking the Paradigm: Drivers Behind the PLA's Current Period of Reform / David M. Finkelstein ; Choosing the "Least Bad Option": Organizational Interests and Change in the PLA Ground Forces / John Chen ; The Impact of Xi-Era Reforms on the Chinese Navy / Ian Burns McCaslin and Andrew S. Erickson ; The Flag Lags but Follows: The PLA and China's Great Leap Outward / Andrew Scobell and Nathan Beauchamp-Mustafaga
• Part II: Building a Joint Force. Toward a More Joint, Combat-Ready PLA? / Mark R Cozad ; Coming to a (New) Theater Near You: Command, Control, and Forces / Edmund J. Burke and Arthur Chan ; Handling Logistics in a Reformed PLA: The Long March Toward Joint Logistics / LeighAnn Luce and Erin Richter ; A Modern Major General: Building Joint Commanders in the PLA / Joel Wuthnow and Philip C. Saunders
• Part III: Overhauling Services. PLA Force Reductions: Impact on the Services / Daniel Gearin ; The Biggest Loser in Chinese Military Reforms: The PLA Army / Dennis J. Blasko ; Making Sense of China's Missile Forces / David C. Logan ; China's Strategic Support Force: A Force for a New Era / John Costello and Joe McReynolds
• Part IV: Centralizing Authority. Large and in Charge: Civil-Military Relations under Xi Jinping / Philip C. Saunders and Joel Wuthnow ; The New PLA Leadership: Xi Molds China's Military to His Vision / Joel McFadden, Kim Fassler, and Justin Godby
• Part V. Integrating with Society. Keeping Up with the Jundui: Reforming the Chinese Defense Acquisition, Technology, and Industrial System / Tai Ming Cheung ; Civil-Military Integration and PLS Reforms / Brian Lafferty ; System Overload? The 2015 PLA Force Reduction, Military-Locality Relations, and the Potential for Social Instability / Ma Chengkun and John Chen ; Conclusion: Assessing Chinese Military Reforms, Philip C. Saunders and Joel Wuthnow
• About the Contributors
• Index.

"China's current military reforms are unprecedented in their ambition and in the scale and scope of the organizational changes. Virtually every part of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) now reports to different leaders, has had its mission and responsibilities changed, has lost or gained subordinate units, or has undergone a major internal reorganization. Drawing upon papers presented at two conferences co-organized by the U.S. National Defense University, RAND, and Taiwan's Council of Advanced Policy Studies, this edited volume brings together some of the world's best experts on the Chinese military to analyze the various dimensions of the reforms in detail and assess their implications for the PLA's ability to conduct joint operations, for the Chinese Communist Party's control of the army, and for civil-military integration. The contributors review the drivers and strategic context underpinning the reform effort, explore the various dimensions of PLA efforts to build a force capable of conducting joint operations, consider the implications for the PLA services, and examine Xi Jinping's role in driving the reforms through and using them to strengthen control over the military. The chapters chronicle successes and outstanding problems in the reform effort and consider what the net effect will be as the PLA strives to become a "world-class" military by mid-century, if not much sooner."--Page 4 of cover.

• List of Abbreviations
• Foreword
• Acknowledgments
• Policy Principles for Constructive Vigilance
• Introduction
• 1. Congress
• 2. State and Local Governments
• 3. The Chinese American Community
• 4. Universities
• 5. Think Tanks
• 6. Media
• 7. Corporations
• 8. Technology and Research
• Appendix 1. China's Influence Operations Bureaucracy
• Appendix 2. China's Influence Activities in Select Countries: Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Japan, New Zealand, Singapore and ASEAN, United Kingdom
• Appendix 3. Chinese-Language Media Landscape
• Dissenting Opinion
• Afterword
• Notes
• Working Group participants
• Index

While Americans are generally aware of China's ambitions as a global economic and military superpower, few understand just how deeply and assertively that country has already sought to influence American society. As the authors of this volume write, it is time for a wake-up call. In documenting the extent of Beijing's expanding influence operations inside the United States, they aim to raise awareness of China's efforts to penetrate and sway a range of American institutions: state and local governments, academic institutions, think tanks, media, and businesses. And they highlight other aspects of the propagandistic "discourse war" waged by the Chinese government and Communist Party leaders that are less expected and more alarming, such as their view of Chinese Americans as members of a worldwide Chinese diaspora that owes undefined allegiance to the so-called Motherland. Featuring ideas and policy proposals from leading China specialists, China's Influence and American Interests argues that a successful future relationship requires a rebalancing toward greater transparency, reciprocity, and fairness. Throughout, the authors also strongly state the importance of avoiding casting aspersions on Chinese and on Chinese Americans, who constitute a vital portion of American society. But if the United States is to fare well in this increasingly adversarial relationship with China, Americans must have a far better sense of that country's ambitions and methods than they do now.
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• Preface
• Part I. ONE. International Rules of the Monetary Game; TWO. Dollar Dominance in Trade and Finance; SYMPOSIUM ON Capital Flows, the IMF's Institutional View and Alternatives; Introduction; THREE. Managing Capital Flows: Toward a Policy Maker's Vade Mecum; FOUR. The IMF's Institutional View: A Critique; FIVE. Capital Flows, the IMF's Institutional View, and an Alternative
• PART II. SIX. Monetary Policy with a Layered Payment System; SEVEN. Liquidity Regulation and the Size of the Fed's Balance Sheet; SYMPOSIUM ON The Future of Central Bank Balance Sheets; Introduction. EIGHT. Normalizing the Federal Reserve's Balance Sheet and Policy Implementation; NINE. Get Up Off the Floor; TEN. The Fed's Balance Sheet Strategy: What Now?; ELEVEN. Should the Fed 'Stay Big' or 'Slim Down'?
• PART III. TWELVE. Anchoring Inflation Expectations in a Low R-star World; SYMPOSIUM ON Monetary Policy and Reform in Practice; Introduction; THIRTEEN. Monetary Policy and Reform in Practice; FOURTEEN. US Economic Conditions and Monetary Policy Considerations; FIFTEEN. Remarks; About the Contributors and Discussants; About the Hoover Institution's Working Group on Economic Policy; Index.

Drawing from their 2018 conference, the Hoover Institution brings together leading academics and monetary policy makers to share ideas about the practical issues facing central banks today. The expert contributors discuss U.S. monetary policy at individual central banks and reform of the international monetary and financial system-issues very much related because of the large effect of balance sheet operations on exchange rates and capital flows. The discussion is broken down into seven key areas: 1) International Rules of the Monetary Game2) Banking, Trade and the Making of the Dominant Currency3) Capital Flows, the IMF's Institutional View and Alternatives4) Payments, Credit and Asset Prices5) Financial Stability, Regulations and the Balance Sheet6) The Future of the Central Bank Balance Sheet7) Monetary Policy and Reform in Practice.With in-depth discussions of the volatility of capital flows and exchange rates, and the use of balance sheet policy by central banks, they examine relevant research developments and debate policy options.
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• Foreword / by George P. Shultz
• 1. Foundations: Remember the Lusitania!
• 2. The View from the Tower: The Nazi-Soviet Pact, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Herbert Hoover and Poland, The Okhrana Collection Revealed, Alexander Kerensky at Hoover, Nicolas de Basily Room
• 3. Hoover Becomes a Think Tank: Truth as a Weapon: Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Ten Landmark Books by Hoover Fellows, George Stigler, The United States in the 1980s
• 4. Into a New Century: Robert Conquest, Gorbachev at Stanford 1990 and 1992, Microfilming Soviet Communist Party Documents, Thatcher on the Quad, President George W. Bush and the Hoover Institution 2006, Hoover Nobel Laureates in Economics, Firing Line, Honors and Awards, Chiang Kai-Shek's Diaries.

A century ago, amid the devastation of World War I, Herbert Hoover established a collection of library and archival materials at Stanford University devoted to the causes and consequences of war. Founded as the Hoover War Collection in 1919, the institution has evolved into one of the world's premier research centers devoted to the advanced study of politics, economics, and international affairs. Defining Moments charts the origins and growth of what is today the Hoover Institution over the course of a century of global upheaval, from World War I and the Russian Revolution, through World War II and the Cold War, to the rapidly developing challenges we face today. The connecting thread is the notion encapsulated in the institution's slogan, Ideas Defining a Free Society: that American values of democracy, capitalism, and freedom can serve as a blueprint for improving lives around the world. Richly illustrated with rare photographs, political posters, and archival gems, Defining Moments traces the growth over the past century of Hoover's unparalleled collections on war, revolution, and peace and chronicles Hoover's emergence, beginning in the 1960s, as a public-policy research center whose mission is to foster prosperity, maintain democracy, and preserve peace.
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This is the story of the life and loves of a poet-physician during the turmoil of the Russian Revolution. Taking his family from Moscow to what he hopes will be shelter in the Ural Mountains, Zhivago finds himself instead embroiled in the battle between the Whites and the Reds. Set against this backdrop of cruelty and strife is Zhivago's love for the tender and beautiful Lara: pursued, found, and lost again, Lara is the very embodiment of the pain and chaos of those cataclysmic times.

The book provides a detailed description of the Russian crime of the twenty-first century as well as a thorough examination of the eighty sessions of the nine-month-long trial (during 2016-2017) of Boris Nemtsovs alleged killers. It directs attention to the chief obstacle in determining what precisely happened shortly before midnight on February 27, 2015, on a bridge located a mere stones throw away from the Kremlin, in an area under the active surveillance of the Russian Federal Protective Service. The glaring absence of closed circuit videos from this most heavily guarded site in Russia is underscored. Given the absence of such key evidence, those seeking to investigate the murder have been akin to blind people stumbling about in obscurity. The attempts to penetrate this man-made fog undertaken during the course of the trial by the Nemtsov family attorneys, Vadim Prokhorov and Olga Mikhailova, as well as by numerous tenacious analysts of the crime, such as former deputy Russian energy minister Vladimir Milov, former Russian presidential economics advisor Andrei Illarionov, and leading mathematician Andrei Piontkovskii, are covered in full. The uneven case mounted by the prosecution and the scrappy defense effort of the attorneys for the alleged killers, many of them ethnic Chechens, are highlighted, as is the non-unanimous verdict which was reached by the twelve jurors. The findings of this study are in agreement with those of a number of commentators who contend that the actual organizers of the crime remain at large as does the assassinations shadowy mastermind.
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• Acknowledgements
• Preface to the 2019 edition
• Introduction
• Gambling with other people's money
• Did creditors expect to get rescued?
• What about equity holders?
• Heads : they win a ridiculously enormous amount : tails : they win just an enormous amount
• How creditor rescue and housing policy combined with regulation to blow up the housing market
• Fannie and Freddie
• Fannie and Freddie : cause or effect?
• Commercial banks and investment banks
• Picking up nickels
• Basel : faulty
• Where do we go from here?
• Notes
• Index
• About the author.

What caused the Financial Crisis of 2008? While government mandates and private sector mistakes did contribute to the crisis and can be blamed at least in part for what happened, this book takes a different approach. Russ Roberts argues that the true underlying cause of the mess was the past bailouts of large financial institutions that allowed these institutions to gamble carelessly because they were effectively using other people's money. The author warns that despite the passage of Dodd-Frank, it is widely believed that we have done nothing to eliminate 'Too Big to Fail.' That perception allows the largest financial institutions to continue to gamble with taxpayer money.
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Distinguished economist Michael D. Bordo argues for the importance of monetary stability and monetary rules, offering theoretical, empirical, and historical perspectives to support his case. He shows how the pursuit of stable monetary policy guided by central banks following rule-like behavior produces low and stable inflation, stable real performance, and encourages financial stability. In contrast, he explains how the failure to adhere to rules that produce monetary stability will inevitably produce the dire consequences of real, nominal, and financial instability. Bordo examines theoretical perspectives in monetary theory on the case for stable money and the importance of monetary rules. The author also looks at the historical and empirical record of economic performance (both inflation and real output) across policy regimes. He examines the performance of the Federal Reserve in its pursuit of discretionary monetary policy, and he reviews the history of monetary policy during the Great Depression.
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As a response to the Great Depression and an expression of executive power, President Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal is widely understood as a turning point in American history. In How Public Policy Became War, David Davenport and Gordon Lloyd go even further, calling the New Deal ""America's French Revolution, "" refashioning American government and public policy in ways that have grown to epic proportions today. Roosevelt's decisions of 1933 were truly revolutionary. They reset the balance of power away from Congress and the states toward a strong executive branch. They shifted the federal government away from the Founders' vision of deliberation and moderation toward war and action. Succeeding presidents seized on the language of war to exert their will and extend their power into matters previously thought to be the province of Congress or state and local governments. Having learned that a sense of crisis is helpful in moving forward a domestic agenda, modern-day presidents have declared war on everything from poverty and drugs to crime and terror. Exploring the consequences of these ill-defined (and never-ending) wars, How Public Policy Became War calls for a re-examination of this destructive approach to governance and a return to the deliberative vision of the Founders. ""If we are constantly at war, "" the authors write, ""America becomes a nation under siege.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface: spiritus mundi
• Introduction : Bloody Sunday
• Looking for the Heart of the Revolution (1916-1917)
• The World of Tomorrow (1800s-1921)
• Russian Roulette (1921-1928)
• The End of Reason (1928-1932)
• Voyage of discovery (1932-1935)
• Trone's America (1935-1936)
• A simple matter of perspective (1936-1940)
• Investigating Trone, investigating the world (1940-1949)
• End game (1945, 1945-1953)
• Bibliography

• List of Illustrations
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• Chronology of events
• Abbreviations and Archives
• 1. "Just Be Careful, Remember How Frightening Everything Is for Us" : The Problem of the Zhivago Royalties
• 2. "Moscow Has Ears Everywhere!" : From Pasternak's Death to the Arrests of Olga Ivinskaya and Irina Emelianova
• 3. "We Need to Help the Russians Save Face" : The Ivinskaya Case in the West
• Documentary Appendix
• Bibliography
• About the Author
• Index.

The conflict between Soviet Communists and Boris Pasternak over the publication of Doctor Zhivago did not end when he won the Nobel Prize, or even when the author died. Paolo Mancosu tells how Pasternak's expulsion from the Soviet Writers' Union left him in financial difficulty. Milan publisher Giangiacomo Feltrinelli and Sergio d'Angelo, who had brought the typescript of Doctor Zhivago to Feltrinelli, were among those who arranged a smuggling operation to help him.After Pasternak's death, Olga Ivinskaya, his companion, literary assistant, and the inspiration for Zhivago's Lara, also received some of the Zhivago royalties. After the KGB intercepted Pasternak's will on her behalf, the Soviets arrested and sentenced her and her daughter, Irina Emelianova, to eight years and three years of labor camp, respectively. The ensuing international outrage inspired a secret campaign in the West to win their freedom.Mancosu's new book-the first to explore the post-Nobel history of Pasternak and Ivinskaya-provides extraordinary detail on these events, in a thrilling account that involves KGB interceptions, fabricated documents, smugglers, and much more. While a general reader will respond to the dramatic human story, specialists will be rewarded with a rich assemblage of new archival material, especially letters of Pasternak, Ivinskaya, Feltrinelli, and d'Angelo from the Hoover Institution Library and Archives and the Feltrinelli Archives in Milan.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• List of Figures and Tables
• Foreword
• 1. Setting the Stage
• 2. September 2001-July 2003: NATO Absence
• 3. August 2003-September 2008: NATO Getsinto the Game
• 4. October 2008-December 2014: NATO Surges
• 5. Why Cohesion Endured under Adversity
• Appendix 1: Command Structures (OEF and ISAF), 2001-2012
• Appendix 2: ISAF Rotations and Commanders
• Appendix 3: Coalition Force Levels
• Appendix 4: Provincial Reconstruction Teams
• Glossary
• Notes
• References
• About the Author
• Index

When the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) became involved in security operations during the War in Afghanistan, it faced a range of complex challenges, including a highly motivated Afghan insurgency that changed over time and repeatedly defied assumptions. Conflicts within NATO also posed challenges. The alliance brought together a quarter of the world's nations, each with its own goals and interests, in an effort to stabilize an agrarian country that posed no immediate security threat. For more than a decade, through changes in leadership and strategy, the nations experienced bitter disagreements, resentments, and a conflict that escalated to a level of violence and uncertainty few had anticipated. In NATO in the Crucible, Deborah Lynn Hanagan analyzes these challenges and explains how the alliance maintained cohesion despite them. She examines why NATO succeeded in Afghanistan when history suggests most coalitions fracture under such intense pressure. In the end, she argues, member nations summoned the political will and organizational capacity to cooperate and endure. And they agreed, above all, that failure in Afghanistan would be catastrophic-both for NATO and for the world.
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• Part 1. The Stolypins in Vilno, 1862-1879
• Part 2. The district and guberniya marshal of nobility of Kovno, 1889-1902
• Part 3. Govenor of Grodno, 1902-1903
• Conclusions.

• Making the rules and breaking the mold : Allan Meltzer, 1928-2017 / John Taylor
• Allan Meltzer and the history of the Federal Reserve / Michael D. Bordo
• Allan Meltzer : how he underestimated his own contribution to the modern concept of a central bank / Robert L. Hetzel
• "They profess to fear that for which they dare not hope" : how the Fed contributed to the Great Depression and the Great Recession by boosting banks' demand for reserves / George Selgin
• Allan Meltzer's model of the transmission mechanism and its implications for today / Peter N. Ireland
• The monetary base in Allan Meltzer's analytical framework / Edward Nelson
• Monetary policy and the interest rate : reflections on Allan Meltzer's contributions to monetary economics / Joshua R. Hendrickson
• Allan Meltzer and the search for a nominal anchor / James Bullard
• The Meltzer Commission / Gerald P. O'Driscoll Jr.
• Memories of Allan H. Meltzer / Robert Lucas
• Allan Meltzer's contributions to public policy thought as applied to the Federal Reserve / Charles Plosser
• Macro musings : Allan Meltzer / Allan Meltzer and David Beckworth

Allan H. Meltzer (1928-2017), a leading monetary economist of the twentieth century, is memorialized in eleven essays by prominent economists. Among his achievements, Meltzer transformed the field of central banking and dissected the economic disasters of the 1930s and late 2000s, as well as the avoidance of disaster in the 1970s. Focusing on his landmark A History of the Federal Reserve, 1913-1986, the first section argues that the Fed's biggest successes are tied to its adherence to classical monetary theory and also examines the monetarist counterrevolution. Next, the book turns to Meltzer's thinking on the monetary transmission mechanism and his close work with Karl Brunner on the Brunner-Meltzer Model; it argues that Meltzer's understanding of monetary economics could be used to measure the impact of the Fed's activities. Finally, Meltzer's contributions to public policy are examined, including his proposed reforms to the International Monetary Fund and his activities at the Carnegie Mellon Graduate School of Industrial Administration.The conference papers that compose this volume celebrate Meltzer's fifty-year career at Carnegie Mellon. The book ends with a transcribed interview, conducted just a few months before his death, in which he shares sharp-witted insights about economics and his legacy.Contributors: Michael Bordo, James Bullard, Joshua R. Hendrickson, Robert Hetzel, Peter N. Ireland, Robert Lucas, Edward Nelson, Gerald P. O'Driscoll Jr., Charles Plosser, George Selgin, and John Taylor.
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• Introduction
• Chapter 1: Accountability. A more accountable world? (2001)
• Chapter 2: Trust. The United States and Israel: partners for peace and freedom (1985). What I learned about Israel (2017)
• Chapter 3: A changing world. America can ride the 21st Century's waves of change (2018). Automation: a new dimension to old problems (1955)
• Chapter 4: The drug issue. Gary Becker and the War on Drugs (2011). The failed War on Drugs (2018)
• Chapter 5: Force and strength. The ethics of power (1984). Discerning strength from force (2017). Power and diplomacy (1984)
• Chapter 6: Practicing theories of governance. The new federalism (1970). Prescription for economic policy: steady as you go (1971)
• Chapter 7: America in the world. Resources are needed for effective foreign policy (1987). Proposed refugee admissions for FY 1989 (1988)
• Chapter 8: A balanced approach to climate change. A Reagan approach to climate change (2015). A conservative answer to climate change (2017)
• Chapter 9: Nuclear security, past and future. US-Soviet relations in the context of US foreign policy (1983). A world free of nuclear weapons (2007). Deterrence in the age of nuclear proliferation (2011). Lenten nukes, by the Rt. Rev. William E. Swing (2018)
• Acknowledgements
• Notes
• About the author
• Index.

In a rich and varied career, George P. Shultz has aided presidents, confronted national and international crises, and argued passionately that the United States has a vital stake in promoting democratic values and institutions. In speeches, articles, congressional testimony, and conversations with world leaders, he has helped shape policy and public opinion on topics ranging from technology and terrorism to drugs and climate change. The result is a body of work that has influenced the decisions of nations and leaders, as well as the lives of ordinary people. In Thinking About the Future, Shultz has collected and revisited key writings, applying his past thinking to America's most pressing contemporary problems. Each chapter includes new commentary from the author, providing context, color, and behind-the-scenes glimpses of how decisions are made in the halls of power. In the more than half a century since Shultz entered public life, the world has changed dramatically. But he remains guided by the belief that ""you can learn about the future-or at least relate to it-by studying the past and identifying principles that have continuing application to our lives and our world.
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• Volume 1: Invasion, insurgency, civil war, 2003-2006
• Volume 2: Surge and withdrawal, 2007-2011.

The Iraq War has been the costliest U.S. conflict since the Vietnam War. To date, few official studies have been conducted to review what happened, why it happened, and what lessons should be drawn. The U.S. Army in the Iraq War is the Army's initial operational level analysis of this conflict, written in narrative format, with assessments and lessons embedded throughout the work. This study reviews the conflict from a Landpower perspective and includes the contributions of coalition allies, the U.S. Marine Corps, and special operations forces. Presented principally from the point of view of the commanders in Baghdad, the narrative examines the interaction of the operational and strategic levels, as well as the creation of theater level strategy and its implementation at the tactical level. Volume 1 begins in the truce tent at Safwan Airfield in southern Iraq at the end of Operation DESERT STORM and briefly examines actions by U.S. and Iraqi forces during the interwar years. The narrative continues by examining the road to war, the initially successful invasion, and the rise of Iraqi insurgent groups before exploring the country's slide toward civil war. This volume concludes with a review of the decision by the George W. Bush administration to "surge" additional forces to Iraq, placing the conduct of the "surge" and its aftermath in the second volume.

• Foreword: Ardeshir Zahedi
• Foreword: Eric Wakin
• Introduction
• General Fazlollah Zahedi: A Profile
• Ardeshir Zahedi: A Profile
• Selected Documents: Document 1: 1922-1924, 1.1-1.5. Sheikh Khazal of Kurzestan: despot or king without a crown
• Document 2: 23 November 1933, 2.1. State permission for installation of concert radio receiver in the home of Brigadier General Zahedi
• Document 3: 23 August 1953, 3.1. Confidential advice to Zahedi from "Hirad" in regard to Hossein Makki's note to the shah
• Document 4: 9 September 1953, 4.1-4.2. Letter from Hassan Taqizadeh to General Zahedi
• Document 5: 15 September 1953, 5.1. Letter to General Zahedi from a professor at the university
• Document 6: 6 October 1953, 6.1-6.5. Correspondence from Great Britain seeking to resume diplomatic relations with Iran following the overthrow of Mossadegh government
• Document 7: 16 January 1954, 7.1. Report of Anoushiravan Sepahbodi to A. Zahedi
• Document 8: 17 February 1954, 8.1. Letter of Nasser Ghashghaei to Ardeshir Zahedi
• Document 9: 13 December 1954, 9.1. Memorandum from Prime Minister to Mr. Abtin in re orders of Dr. Mofakham.
• Document 10: 3 December 1955, 10.1-10.2. Letter of Ali Asghar Hekmat to Ardeshir Zahedi
• Document 11: 1953-1955, 11.1. Detailed account of gifts
• Document 12: 1954-1955, 12.1-12.8. Outline of General Zahedi's career prepared in anticipation of his personal memoirs
• Document 13: 1953-1955, 13.1-13.11. More of the outline General Zahedi prepared in anticipation of his personal memoirs
• Document 14: 1 April 1956, 14.1. Letter to Ardeshir Zahedi from a cleric who had worked to overthrow Mossadegh
• Document 15: 19 August 1955, 15.1. Letter from Shaban Jafari to Ardeshir Zahedi
• Document 16: 12 October 1955, 16.1. Letter from Hassan Ma'assar
• Document 17: Around 1957-1958, 17.1-17.2. Letter from Princess Ashraf to Ardeshir Zahedi
• Document 18: 17 February 1959, 18.1-18.2. Ali Asghar Hekmat to General Zahedi
• Document 19: 13 June 1959, 19.1. Letter of General Teymour Bakhtiar to General Zahedi
• Document 20: 30 January 1967, 20.1-20.2. Letter from Ardeshir Zahedi as foreign minister to the shah reporting on foreign policy
• Document 21: 3 February 1967, 21.1-21.4. Correspondence between Ardeshir Zahedi and the shah
• Document 22: Approximately March 1967, 22.1. Letter of Ardeshir Zahedi to shah of matters revolving around influence of Kermit Roosevelt
• Document 23: 11 June 1967, 23.1-23.6. Digest of the shah's meeting with the Soviet ambassador regarding Soviet breech of bilateral agreement to use of Iranian air space
• Document 24: Around 1967, 24.1-24.6. Correspondence between Ardeshir Zahedi as foreign minister and Armin Meyer, US ambassasor to Iran.

• Document 25: 13 November 1968, 25.1-25.14. Minutes of a meeting betwen the shah of Iran and the Saudi monarch, King Faisal
• Document 26: 25 January 1969, 26.1-26.4. Zahedi reporting in minute detail his conversations with the Soviet ambassador
• Document 27: 10 February 1969, 27.1-27.5. Letter from Ardeshir Zahedi, then foreign minister, to the shah of Iran
• Document 28: 28 July 1969, 28.1. Letter in English from King Huyssein of Jordan to Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, shah of Iran
• Document 29: 10 February 1970, 29.1-29.5. Ardeshir Zahedi report to the shah of Iran
• Document 30: 2 March 1970, 30.1̀-30.8. Ardeshir Zahedi report to the shah of Iran
• Document 31: 19 February 1974, 31.1-31.2. Telegram to US Ambassador in Tehran requesting prevention of broadcasting 60 Minutes interview
• Document 32: 9 July 1974, 32.1. Letter to Ardeshir Zahedi from US Senator Edward Wm. Brooke
• Document 33: 6 May 1976, 33.1-33.2. Letters of Assadollah Alam (former prime minister of Iran) to the shah
• Document 34: 20 December 1976, 34.1-34.2. Documentation of gifts of caviar
• Document 35: 11 January 1977, 35.1. Letter of thanks from US Representative James Wright to Ardeshir Zahedi
• Document 36: 22 January 1977, 36.1. Letter of thanks from Kirk Douglas; 36.2. Letter of thanks from Washington Post columnist Art Buchwald
• Document 37: 26 January 1977, 37.1-37.2. Letter to Ardeshir Zahedi, ambassador of Iran to US, from Sylvan M. Marshall, giving a legal opinion; 37.3-37.7. Letter from Ardeshir Zahedi to David Susskind, US television producer, objecting to allegations made by Reza Baraheni; 37.8. Letter to Ardeshir Zahedi from David Rockefeller
• Document 38: 27 January 1977, 38.1. Letter to Ardeshir Zahedi from Rose Mary Woods, secretary to President Richard Nixon
• Document 39: 16 March 1977, 39.1. Letter to Ardeshir Zahedi from US Senator Barry Goldwater
• Document 40: 16 March 1977, 40.1. Letter to Ardeshir Zahedi from Mrs. Arthur Hays Sulzberger; 40.2. Letter to Ardeshir Zahedi from Katharine Graham of the Washington Post
• Document 41: 18 March 1977, 41.1. Letter of gratitude to Ardeshir Zahedi from John R. Silver, president of Boston University
• Document 42: 7 November 1977, 42.1. Letter of gratitude to Ardeshir Zahedi from US Senator Hubert Humphrey
• Document 43: 5 January 1978: 43.1. Letter of gratitude to Ardeshir Zahedi from Claudia A. "Lady Bird" Johnson; 43.2. Telegram to Ardeshir Zahedi from Mrs. Ronand Reagan (Nancy); 43.3. Telegram to Ardeshir Zahedi from Mrs. Ronald Reagan; 43.4. Handwritten note of thanks to Ardeshir Zahedi from Mrs. Ronald Wilson Reagan
• Document 44: 30 January 1978, 44.1. Letter to Ardeshir Zahidi [sic] from Lord Hartley William Shawcross
• Document 45: 25 September 1978, 45.1. Letter to Ardeshir Zahedi from Douglas Fairbanks in regard to Tabas earthquake; 45.2. Response to Douglas Fairbanks
• Document 46: 9 January 1979, 46.1. Letter of concern from Nelson A. Rockefeller
• Document 47: 22 January 1979, 47.1. Letter from Ronald Reagan to Ardeshir Zahedi
• Document 48: January 1979, 48.1. Telegram from William Rogers.

The inner workings of Iranian politics, as experienced by two key figures at their center, are revealed as never before through the meticulously preserved documents and photographs in the Ardeshir Zahedi Papers at the Hoover Institution Library and Archives. These materials are essential for understanding modern Iranian history and its global context.These archives were preserved over the course of two illustrious careers: those of Ardeshir Zahedi, Iran's ambassador to the United States and United Kingdom and minister of foreign affairs; and his father, Fazlollah Zahedi, military general and prime minister of Iran after the 1953 overthrow of Mohammad Mossadegh. Abbas Milani, American-Iranian historian and an expert in US-Iran relations, has sifted through these archives to select resources of unparalleled value and fascination for understanding Iran's politics, culture, and history-both before and after the 1979 Revolution that toppled the shah and sent him and the younger Zahedi into exile.Published for the very first time, the papers and photos included here are connected with many of the key events and figures of the twentieth century. They are indispensable primary sources for scholarship on modern Iranian history as well as intriguing studies on the mechanisms of international diplomacy.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

In Beyond Disruption: Technology's Challenge to Governance, George P. Shultz, Jim Hoagland, and James Timbie present views from some of the country's top experts in the sciences, humanities, and military that scrutinize the rise of post-millennium technologies in today's global society. They contemplate both the benefits and peril carried by the unprecedented speed of these innovations-from genetic editing, which enables us new ways to control infectious diseases, to social media, whose ubiquitous global connections threaten the function of democracies across the world. Some techniques, like the advent of machine learning, have enabled engineers to create systems that will make us more productive. For example, self-driving vehicles promise to make trucking safer, faster, and cheaper. However, using big data and artificial intelligence to automate complex tasks also ends up threatening to disrupt both routine professions like taxi driving and cognitive work by accountants, radiologists, lawyers, and even computer programmers themselves.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Executive summary
• Policy options: for the United States, science and risk, and the international community
• Science and Risk
• Conclusion.

"Drawing from a series of discussions convened by the Hoover Institution, the Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, and the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, this essay explores the challenges facing our coastal communities in a series of discussions designed to advance US resilience to climate change impacts, strengthen the sustainability and economic security of coastal infrastructure, and enhance national security. Areas of discussion include understanding the state of scientific knowledge, identifying important gaps, and exploring relevant policies, decision-support tools, and decision-making approaches." -- publisher.

• Introduction
• The roots of Catholic "revolution": Thomism, the 'human person,' and Emmanuel Mounier
• Personalism at war : clandestine intellectual life and anti-Nazi resistance in World War II
• Catholicism in a newly Communist world : between Christian democracy and Catholic socialism
• The twilight of social Catholicism? Emmanual Mounier and Poland's Catholic press, 1945-1948
• World peace on nationalist terms : progressive Catholicism and the Stalinist turn of 1948
• Pastors and catechumens : Catholic renewal at the margins of Marxist revolution
• Stalinist Catholics of Europe, unite! The Stockholm Appeal and the Polish project of a Catholic-Socialist International, 1949-1953
• The limits of Catholic "revolution": the Vatican and Stalinism's turn against the church, 1953-1956.

In Poland in the 1940s and '50s, a new kind of Catholic intended to remake European social and political life-not with guns, but French philosophy This collective intellectual biography examines generations of deeply religious thinkers whose faith drove them into public life, including Karol Wojtyla, future Pope John Paul II, and Tadeusz Mazowiecki, the future prime minister who would dismantle Poland's Communist regime. Seeking to change the way we understand the Catholic Church, World War II, the Cold War, and communism, this study centers on the idea of "revolution." It examines two crucial countries, France and Poland, while challenging conventional wisdom among historians and introducing innovations in periodization, geography, and methodology. Why has much of Eastern Europe gone back down the road of exclusionary nationalism and religious prejudice since the end of the Cold War? Piotr H. Kosicki helps to understand the crises of contemporary Europe by examining the intellectual world of Roman Catholicism in Poland and France between the Church's declaration of war on socialism in 1891 and the demise of Stalinism in 1956.
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• Introduction : the choice
• Escape to Switzerland
• The beginnings of Dutch-Paris
• Extending the line through Brussels
• Allies in Paris and Toulouse
• Over the mountains
• Catastrophe in Paris
• The Gestapo knocks
• Sociaalwerk in the chaos of war
• Waiting for news
• Conclusion : the helper's courage.

Of all the resistance organizations that operated during the war, about which much has been written, one stands out for its transnational character, the diversity of the tasks its members took on, and the fact that, unlike many of the known evasion lines, it was not directed by Allied officers, but rather by group of ordinary citizens. Between 1942 and 1945, they formed a network to smuggle Dutch Jews and others targeted by the Nazis south into France, via Paris, and then to Switzerland. This network became known as the Dutch-Paris Escape Line, eventually growing to include 300 people and expanding its reach into Spain. Led by Jean Weidner, a Dutchman living in France, many lacked any experience in clandestine operations or military tactics, and yet they became one of the most effective resistance groups of the Second World War. Dutch-Paris largely improvised its operations-scrounging for food on the black market, forging documents, and raising cash. Hunted relentlessly by the Nazis, some were even captured and tortured. In addition to Jews, those it helped escape the clutches of the Nazis included resistance fighters, political foes, Allied airmen, and young men looking to get to London to enlist. As the need grew more desperate, so did the bravery of those who rose to meet it. Using recently declassified archives, The Escape Line tells the story of the Dutch-Paris and the thousands of people it saved during World War II. Koreman, who was given exclusive access to many of the archives, is herself the daughter of Dutch parents who were part of the resistance, offers the definitive account of this largely untold story.
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Amid the chaos and violence of the 1905 Revolution in Russia, the Tsar's opponents printed and distributed vast quantities of picture postcards. Easy to share, hide and smuggle, postcards were a way to beat the censor and spread a message of defiance. Produced by a diverse set of revolutionaries, liberals, and opportunists, the content of these cards is equally wide-ranging: from satirical caricatures directed against the government to rare photographs of revolutionary demonstrations. Many of the cards are darkly humorous, combining laughter with a sense of raw indignation at the injustices of Imperial Russia.