As a response to the Great Depression and an expression of executive power, President Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal is widely understood as a turning point in American history. In How Public Policy Became War, David Davenport and Gordon Lloyd go even further, calling the New Deal ""America's French Revolution, "" refashioning American government and public policy in ways that have grown to epic proportions today. Roosevelt's decisions of 1933 were truly revolutionary. They reset the balance of power away from Congress and the states toward a strong executive branch. They shifted the federal government away from the Founders' vision of deliberation and moderation toward war and action. Succeeding presidents seized on the language of war to exert their will and extend their power into matters previously thought to be the province of Congress or state and local governments. Having learned that a sense of crisis is helpful in moving forward a domestic agenda, modern-day presidents have declared war on everything from poverty and drugs to crime and terror. Exploring the consequences of these ill-defined (and never-ending) wars, How Public Policy Became War calls for a re-examination of this destructive approach to governance and a return to the deliberative vision of the Founders. ""If we are constantly at war, "" the authors write, ""America becomes a nation under siege.
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1939. A 24-year old American journalist, recently returned to New York City from Europe, discovers that Adolf Hitler's Mein Kampf - as published in the United States - is sanitized. Using Hitler's own words from the original Nazi manifesto, he translates and writes an annotated condensed edition to expose the full measure of Hitler's evil ideology, chilling anti-Semitism, and plans for world domination. The American publisher of Mein Kampf sues for copyright infringement. This short historical non-fiction book is about the people and events that shaped the young journalist's life. If recounts his determined pursuit of the truth to alert Americans and the world to the danger six months before Hitler's war machine invades Poland and begins the march toward WWII. The journalist was Alan Cranston, future Senator from California, leader in the U.S. Senate, and candidate for President. Cranston dedicated his life to public service, nuclear arms reduction, and world peace.

• Introduction: The Paradox of the Black Republican
• Running with Hares and Hunting with Hounds
• A Thorn in the Flesh of the GOP
• The Challenge of Change
• Richard Nixon's Black Cabinet
• Exorcising the Ghost of Richard Nixon
• More Shadow Than Substance
• The Time of the Black Elephant
• Conclusion: No Room at the Inn.

"Covering more than four decades of American social and political history, The Loneliness of the Black Republican examines the ideas and actions of Black Republican activists, officials, and politicians, from the era of the New Deal to Ronald Reagan's presidential ascent in 1980. Their unique stories reveal African Americans fighting for an alternative economic and civil rights movement--even as the Republican Party appeared increasingly hostile to that very idea. Black party members attempted to influence the direction of conservatism--not to destroy it, but rather to expand the ideology to include Black needs and interests. As racial minorities in their political party and as political minorities within their community, Black Republicans occupied an irreconcilable position--they were shunned by African American communities and subordinated by the GOP. In response, black Republicans vocally, and at times viciously, critiqued members of their race and party, in an effort to shape the attitudes and public images of black citizens and the GOP. And yet, there was also a measure of irony to Black Republicans' 'loneliness': at various points, factions of the Republican Party, such as the Nixon administration, instituted some of the policies and programs offered by black party members. What's more, black Republican initiatives, such as the fair housing legislation of senator Edward Brooke, sometimes garnered support from outside the Republican Party, especially among the black press, Democratic officials, and constituents of all races. Moving beyond traditional liberalism and conservatism, Black Republicans sought to address African American racial experiences in a distinctly Republican way. The Loneliness of the Black Republican provides a new understanding of the interaction between African Americans and the Republican Party, and the seemingly incongruous intersection of civil rights and American conservatism"-- Provided by publisher.

Covering an eventful period in Herbert Hoover's career-and, more specifically, his life as a political pugilist from 1933 to 1955-The Crusade Years is a previously unknown memoir that Hoover composed and revised during the 1940s and 1950s-and then, surprisingly, set aside. A parallel volume to Hoover's Freedom Betrayed, this work recounts Hoover's family life after March 4, 1933, his myriad philanthropic interests, and, most of all, his unrelenting "crusade against collectivism" in American life. Aside from its often feisty account of Hoover's political activities during the Roosevelt/Truman era, and its window on Hoover's private life and campaigns for good causes, The Crusade Years invites us to reflect on the factors that made possible his extraordinarily fruitful post-presidential years. As least as much as Theodore Roosevelt, he came to personify the activist former president; some historians have even argued that he invented it. In this realm of exertion, as in so many others, Herbert Hoover was no ordinary man. Of all the individuals who have served as president of the United States, none has ever written a set of memoirs as prodigious as his. Rescued from obscurity, this nearly forgotten manuscript is published here-and its contents made available to scholars-for the first time.
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• Fakten und Mutmassungen über Ribbentrop : zum Forschungsstand
• Mensch, Nationalist, Nationalsozialist
• Zur Person und wie sie die Welt sah
• Die Analogie des nationalen Aufbruchs
• Wirtschaftsfragen
• Ribbentrop und der frühe Nationalsozialismus
• Botschafter hinter den Kulissen
• Zwischen London und Paris
• Das Flottenabkommen von 1935
• Wie man einen Premier einlädt : und scheitert
• Entscheidung in London
• Von Hoesch zu Ribbentrop
• Londoner Verhältnisse
• Stilfragen einer imperialen Ära
• Nevile Henderson : Botschafter ohne Hausmacht
• Allein unter Diplomaten : Ribbentrop und das Auswärtige Amt
• Hitlers "Schuttplatz der Intelligenz"
• Das Amt, seine Organisation und der Minister
• Der Minister und sein Staatssekretär
• Der Jurist und seine Wende
• Endziel grossdeutscher Nationalstaat : das Hitler-Ribbentrop Programm 1937-38
• Die Bülow-Denkschrift von 1933
• Ribbentrops Bilanz und Prognose
• Hitlers Endziele : das Hossbach-Protokoll
• Aussenminister für Abschreckung
• Risikogedanken
• Prag und die Weltpolitik
• Ribbentrops Berichterstattung über den drohenden Krieg
• Programm erfüllt : Grossdeutscher Nationalstaat für ein Jahr
• Das Scheitern der Abschreckung
• Ribbentrops sowjetische Karte
• Diplomatie für's Alibi
• Konferenz oder Krieg
• Diplomatische Hörschwächen
• Das Alibi : eine Bilanz
• Im Zentrum des Vernichtungskriegs
• Ribbentrop vs. Chamberlain : Schlagabtausch über Schuld und Vertrauen
• Amerikanische Verhältnisse
• Ribbentrop, das Amt und der Kompromissfrieden
• Säkulare Verhandlungen mit der Weltrevolution
• Der zweite amerikanisch-deutsche Krieg
• Zwischenbetrachtung : das Auswärtige Amt, der Minster und der Holocaust
• Politik in Zeiten des Krieges
• Fluchtpunkt Europa
• Stockholmer Friedenskontakte
• Goebbels vs. Ribbentrop
• Unter jedem Stein nachsehen
• Fiasko
• Auswahlbibliographie
• Eigene Schriften, Geleitworte und Reden von Joachim von Ribbentrop
• Unveröffentlichte Quellen
• Zeitschriften
• Gedruckte Quellen, Dokumenteneditionen und Lexika
• Memoiren, Erinnerungsliteratur und Tagebücher
• Zeitgenössische politische und historische Schriften
• Sekundärliteratur
• Personenindex.

Der Großhandelskaufmann Joachim von Ribbentrop ging 1932 als Quereinsteiger an einflußreicher Stelle in die Politik. In seiner Villa in Berlin wurden die entscheidenden Gespräche geführt, die zur Ernennung des Reichskanzlers Hitler führten. Als Sonderbeauftragter, Botschafter und schließlich Außenminister prägte er dann die deutsche Außenpolitik zwischen 1933 und 1945 mit. In seiner Biographie arbeitet Stefan Scheil die Motive Ribbentrops heraus, dessen überzeugtes und zugleich kritisches Verhältnis zum Nationalsozialismus sowie seine außenpolitischen Ziele. Scheil zeigt auf, daß die Loyalität Ribbentrops aus der Euphorie des "nationalen Aufbruchs" kam, als die er Hitlers Diktatur deutete. Wie das Auswärtige Amt bereits zur Weimarer Zeit, trug Ribbentrop das Endziel eines großdeutschen Nationalstaats mit, das Hitler ihm 1937 skizzierte. Dieses Ziel wollte Ribbentrop als Minister seit 1938 durchsetzen und zugleich andere Staaten von einer bewaffneten Intervention dagegen abschrecken -- Provided by Publisher.

• 1. The confiscation of German documents, 1944-9--
• 2. The first German calls for restitution--
• 3. The positions of the United States and Great Britain--
• 4. Negotiation marathon--
• 5. Ad fontes: the captured German documents and the writing of history--
• 6. Conclusion.
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When American and British troops swept through the German Reich in the spring of 1945, they confiscated a broad range of government papers and archives. These records were subsequently used in war crimes trials and published under Allied auspices to document the German road to war. In 1949, the West Germans asked for their return, considering the request one of the benchmarks of their new state sovereignty. This book traces the tangled history of the captured German records and the extended negotiations for their return into German custody. Based on meticulous research in British, American and German archives, The Struggle for the Files highlights an overlooked aspect of early West German diplomacy and international relations. All participants were aware that the files constituted historical material essential to write German history and at stake was nothing less than the power to interpret the recent German past.
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Herbert Hoover's "magnum opus"-at last published nearly fifty years after its completion-offers a revisionist reexamination of World War II and its cold war aftermath and a sweeping indictment of the "lost statesmanship" of Franklin Roosevelt. Hoover offers his frank evaluation of Roosevelt's foreign policies before Pearl Harbor and policies during the war, as well as an examination of the war's consequences, including the expansion of the Soviet empire at war's end and the eruption of the cold war against the Communists.
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The sheer magnitude of the Holocaust has commanded our attention for the past 60 years. The extent of atrocities, however, has overshadowed the calculus Nazis used to justify their deeds. According to German wartime media, it was German citizens who were targeted for extinction by a vast international conspiracy. Leading the assault was an insidious, belligerent Jewish clique, so crafty and powerful that it managed to manipulate the actions of Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin. Hitler portrayed the Holocaust as a defensive act, a necessary move to destroy the Jews before they destroyed Germany. Joseph Goebbels, Minister of Propaganda, and Otto Dietrich's Press Office translated this fanatical vision into a coherent cautionary narrative, which the Nazi propaganda machine disseminated into the recesses of everyday life. Calling on impressive archival research, Jeffrey Herf recreates the wall posters that Germans saw while waiting for the streetcar, the radio speeches they heard at home or on the street, the headlines that blared from newsstands. "The Jewish Enemy" is the first extensive study of how anti-Semitism pervaded and shaped Nazi propaganda during World War II and the Holocaust, and how it pulled together the diverse elements of a delusionary Nazi worldview. Here, we find an original and haunting exposition of the ways in which Hitler legitimized war and genocide to his own people, as necessary to destroy an allegedly omnipotent Jewish foe. In an era when both anti-Semitism and conspiracy theories continue to influence world politics, Herf offers a timely reminder of their dangers along with a fresh interpretation of the paranoia underlying the ideology of the Third Reich.
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The Hoover-Roosevelt debate of the 1930s is the contemporary American political, economic, and moral conversation that shapes public policy in the twenty first century in a very powerful way. The very questions that concerned these two presidents are also our burning questions of today. The themes of liberty vs, security, freedom vs, regulation, representative democracy over against the administrative state and an independent judiciary, so important and visionary then, are still the fundamental questions in a world of terrorism, globalization, and uncertainty. The aim of this collection is not to substantiate or disprove any of the prevailing theories regarding the Great Depression and the New Deal. The aim is to present the original arguments which will allow the actors and documents to speak for themselves, thus promoting a conversation between the present generation and the most prominent actors of the New Deal era. The original readings selected and edited here will encourage us to take a fresh look at the material surrounding the New Deal controversy. The speeches and addresses of Franklin D. Roosevelt and Herbert Hoover, along with sample Acts of Congress, the presidential platforms of the two major political parties, as well as critical Supreme Court decisions that first declared the core legislation to be unconstitutional and then constitutionalzed the New Deal, have been collected under one roof and assembled in an accessible and yet comprehensive fashion.
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• Preface-- Abbreviations-- Chronology of Events-- Japanese American Internment During World War II-- The Japanese in America Before World War II-- Evacuation-- Life within Barbed Wire-- The Question of Loyalty: Japanese Americans in the Military and Draft Resisters-- Legal Challenges to the Evacuation and Internment-- After the War: Resettlement and Redress-- Biographies: The Personalities Behind the Japanese American Internment Program-- Bibliography-- Index.
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Provides a one-stop history and reference guide to the Japanese American internment during World War II. The internment of thousands of Japanese Americans during World War II is one of the most shameful episodes in American history. This history and reference guide will help students and other interested readers to understand the history of this action and its reinterpretation in recent years, but it will also help readers to understand the Japanese American wartime experience through the words of those who were interned. Why did the U.S. government take this extraordinary action? How was the evacuation and resettlement handled? How did Japanese Americans feel on being asked to leave their homes and live in what amounted to concentration camps? How did they respond and did they resist? What developments have taken place in the last twenty years that have reevaluated this wartime action? A variety of materials is provided to assist readers to understand the internment experience. Six interpretive essays examine key aspects of the event and provide new interpretations based on the most recent scholarship. Essays include: A short narrative history of the Japanese in America before World War II; The evacuation; Life within barbed wire-the assembly and relocation centers; The question of loyalty-Japanese Americans in the military and draft resisters; Legal challenges to the evacuation and and internment; After the war-resettlement and redress; A chronology of events, 26 biographical profiles of important figures, the text of 10 key primary documents--from Executive Order 9066 which authorized the internment camps to first-person accounts of the internment experience--a glossary of terms, and an annotative bibliography of recommended print sources and web sites provide ready reference value. Every library should update its resources on World War II with this history and reference guide.
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• Introduction-- Conclusion-- Preconditions: Anti-Semitism, Racism, and Common Prejudices in Early 20th-Century Europe-- Leadership and Will: Adolph Hitler, the National Socialst German Workers' Party, and Nazi Ideology-- From Revolution to Routine: Nazi Germany, 1933-1938-- Open Aggression: In Search of War, 1938-1939-- Experiments in Brutality, 1939-1940: War Against Poland and the So-Called Euthanasia Program-- Expansion and Systematization: Exporting War and Terror, 1940-1941-- The Peak Years of Killing: 1942 and 1943-- Death Throes--Killing Frenzies, 1944-1945.
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In examining one of the defining events of the 20th Century, Doris Bergen situates the Holocaust in its historical, political, social, cultural, and military contexts. Unlike many other treatments of the Holocaust, Nazism, World War II, and the Holocaust discusses not only the persecution of the Jews, but also other segments of society victimized by the Nazis: Gypsies, Homosexuals, Poles, Soviet POWs, disabled people and other groups deemed undesirable. With clear and eloquent prose, Bergen explores the two interconnected goals that drove the Nazi program of conquest and genocide-purification of the so-called Aryan race and expansion of its living space. She examines how these goals affected the course of World War II and the book includes first-hand accounts from perpetrators, victims, and eyewitnesses, making it immediate, human and eminently readable.
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In examining one of the defining events of the 20th century, Doris Bergen situates the Holocaust in its historical, political, social, cultural, and military contexts. Unlike many other treatments of the Holocaust, War and Genocide: A Concise History of the Holocaust discusses not only the persecution of the Jews, but also other segments of society victimized by the Nazis: Gypsies, Homosexuals, Poles, Soviet POWs, the Handicapped, and other groups deemed undesirable. With clear and eloquent prose, Bergen explores the two interconnected goals that drove the Nazi program of conquest and genocide-purification of the so-called Aryan race and expansion of its living space - and discusses how these goals affected the course of World War II. Including first hand accounts from perpetrators, victims, and eyewitnesses, the book is immediate, human, and eminently readable.
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• Preface-- Introduction: Bibliography: Hitler's Books--
• Appendix I: Brown University and Other Miscellaneous Private Collections of Hitler's Books--
• Appendix II: Books in the Third Reich Collection no Belonging to Hitler--
• Appendix III: Books of Uncertain Provenance in the Third Reich Collect on--
• Appendix IV: Books from the Reich Chancellery (Hoover Institution Achives)-- Index.
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A complete bibliography of Hitler's books in the Rare Book Reading Room of the Library of Congress. Pointing to seldom used sources in social and political history, including photo albums and honorary citizenship diplomas, the volume offers a very private view of one of history's most evil figures.
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This work is an exploration of Hitler and his role in the Third Reich. The book unravels the complex historiographical debate surrounding this notorious figure by examining his personality, his ideas and the nature of his power. It surveys Hitler's career chronologically and includes coverage of: the young idealogue; the Fuhrer State; Hitler's role in the outbreak of the Second World War; and Hitler's involvement in the Holocaust. This second edition brings the continuing debate up to date in light of recent reseach, and speculates on the implications of the Irving trial.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)