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• Crusading for intervention, 1917-1920
• irreconcilable adversary, 1921-1933
• guarded rapprochement, 1934-1939
• keeping in step with public opinion?, 1939-1941
• allied with Hell, 1942-1945
• preaching confrontation, 1945-1949
• summitry and the primacy of domestic politics, 1950-1955
• conclusion.
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This work focuses on Winston Churchill's changing attitudes towards the Soviet Union. In the first four decades after the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917, he oscillated in a seemingly bewildering fashion between enmity and apparent friendship with the Soviets. Taking the Bolshevik Revolution as its starting point, this is a study of Churchill's relationship with the USSR until his retirement in 1955. Initially Churchill achieved a high profile as a tireless advocate of Allied intervention in Russia to eliminate the Bolshevik regime; by the late 1930s he was urging Britain to forge a Grand Alliance with the Soviets against Nazi Germany; during the winter of 1939-40, he was apparently willing to see Great Britain come to the assistance of Finland in its war with the Soviet Union; in June 1941 he eagerly embraced the Soviet Union as a worthy ally against Nazi Germany; after the latter's defeat he rapidly moved to proposing a common Anglo-American front against the Soviet Union and global communism. How can we understand this Churchillian enigma? How was it that Churchill's relationship with the Soviet Union was so inconsistent?
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• Preface Introduction Britain in Decline: Structural Change in British Capitalism since the Industrial Revolution The Impact of Democracy: From Parliamentary Politics to Party Politics Warfare and Welfare: The Road to 1945 and the Making of Postwar Consensus The Great Moving Right Show: The Mid 1970s Crisis and the Rise of Thatcherism Crisis on the Left: From Labourism to New Labour Whitehall's Managerial Revolution: Reconstructing Central Government Rolling Back the State: Privatisation and Deregulation Steering the Economy: Macro-Economic Management from the Gold Standard to EMU Getting and Spending: Public Expenditure and Welfare Twilight of Ukania: Territorial Politics in Britain Missed Chances: Britain and the European Union Towards Managerial Society Index.
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"Crisis and Consensus in British Politics" focuses on the collapse of the post-war consensus in the mid 1970s crisis and the emergence of a new consensus in the 1990s. It follows this process through six key policy areas including civil service reform, privatization, macro-economic management, and relations with Europe. .
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This text focuses on the collapse of the post-war consensus in the mid-1970s crisis and the emergence of a new consensus in the 1990s. The author follows this process through six key policy areas including civil service reform, privatization, macro-economic management and relations with Europe. The text is designed for students following courses in modern history, politics and public policy, as well as general readers with an interest in current affairs.
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• Agriculture, land and environment
• Conservative Party
• constitutional and regional
• economic
• empire and commonwealth
• ethnic minority movements
• Europe
• far left
• far right
• Ireland
• Labour Party
• Liberal Party/Liberal Democrats
• libertarian and non-authoritarian right
• peace movements
• progressive
• religious, moral and ethical
• Scotland
• think tanks, intellectual societies and select non-party periodicals
• Wales
• women.
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This reference work embraces the spectrum of organized political activity in the British Isles. It includes over 2500 organizations in 1700 separate entries. Arrangement is in 20 main subject sections, covering the three main political parties (Labour, Conservative and Liberal Democrat), together with other areas such as the far right, the far left, peace campaigns, think tanks, women's groups and ethnic minority movements.There are sections on Ireland (north and south), Scotland, Wales and Europe, each introduced by a historical sketch and overview.
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• Introduction - nature of the armed struggle
• the Irish arena
• analysis and reality
• ideology - the dream structured
• recruitment
• individuals
• organization
• command and control
• maintenance
• communications
• deployment
• intelligence
• campaign
• the enemy
• endgame.
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This study is based on thousands of interviews over 35 years with the leaders and members of the Republican movement and the IRA itself, as well as the Irish, British and Americans involved in the Troubles. Not unmindful of the unfolding of history, nor the relevance of events, the focus of this study is on the workings of an organization involved in armed struggle. The book addresses the functioning of a revolutionary movement, not the theory, or the assumptions of observers. How does the IRA work, and why? Who gets what and at what cost? What are the advantages of secrecy and history - and what are the attractions of the secret army, and to whom?
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Based on thousands of interviews over 35 years with the leaders and members of the Republican movement and the IRA itself, as well as the Irish, British and Americans involved in the Troubles, the focus of this study is on the workings of an organization involved in armed struggle.
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• Irish neutrality in historical perspective / John A. Murphy
• Politics in wartime : governing, neutrality and elections / Brian Girvin
• Northern Ireland : the impact of war, 1939-45 / Brian Barton
• Neutrality and the volunteers : Irish and British government policy towards the Irish volunteers / Cormac Kavanagh
• Irish heroes of the Second World War / Richard Doherty
• The oral history of the volunteers / Aidan McElwaine
• Irish workers in Britain during World War Two / Tracey Connolly
• MI5's Irish memories : fresh light on the origins and rationale of Anglo-Irish security liaison in the Second World War / Eunan O'Halpin
• Censorship as propaganda : the neutralisation of Irish public opinion during the Second World War / Donal Ó Drisceoil
• Three narratives of neutrality : historians and Ireland's war / Geoffrey Roberts.

This book provides a unique view of British-Russian relations during the last fifteen years of the Soviet regime and thereafter into the post-communist era. As Director of a Foreign-Office-funded organisation promoting professional, intellectual and cultural contacts between Britain and Russia, Roberts earned the trust of leading figures in both countries. At the same time he had to maintain cross-party support in Parliament and the confidence of his Whitehall paymasters. These last occasionally proved as obstructive as the Soviet organisations - all opposed to unfettered contact with western people and ideas - with which he had to maintain a modus operandi. Undeterred by Cold War rhetoric, the author contrived to break down barriers and to earn the trust and gratitude of writers, musicians, theatre and film directors, scientists and even politicians. This is their eye-witness history, no less than his.
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• List of abbreviations
• Chronology of major events, 1921-1999
• Dictionary of Northern Ireland politics
• Addendum to dictionary
• Election results, 1968-1999
• Systems of government, 1968-1999
• Office holders in Northern Ireland, 1968-1999
• The security system
• Security statistics
• Index.

Unknown function: General Editor: Chris Collins.
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The book also provides short essays which look back at the major events, assessing their significance and setting them in context, including: Bloody Sunday (1972), the collapse of the Power Sharing Executive (1974), the Republican hunger strikes (1981), the Anglo-Irish Agreement (1985), the first IRA ceasefire (1994) and the historic Good Friday Agreement (1998). Other books by Paul Bew Charles Stewart Parnell Northern Ireland.
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• V.
• 1. 1919-1922.

The volume includes a comprehensive account of the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty negotiations and previously unseen letters from Michael Collins, Arthur Griffith, Eamon de Valera and others; confidential despatches and political reports from Irish diplomats in continental Europe and America including the fundraising activities of Eamon de Valera and Harry Boland in America and the Irish appeal to the Paris Peace Conference for recognition in 1919.
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Never before have the actual documents been published that reveal how Eamon de Valera and a small group of Irish diplomats sought to protect Ireland during the Second World War. "DIFP Volume VI" shows in readable and gripping detail how Irish diplomats established and executed the state's neutrality in wartime Europe. Though Britain had tried to force Ireland to relinquish her neutrality through the winter of 1939, it was following the Nazi invasion of France in May 1940 that the first, and most important, crisis to face Ireland during the Second World War erupted. An invasion of Ireland by Germany was thought a real possibility during the summer of 1940; the threat of invasion by Britain was felt to be as likely."DIFP VI" explains how de Valera and his colleagues stood up to pressure to enter the war from British Prime Minister Winston Churchill while at the same time Dublin began to develop Ireland's 'pro-Allied neutrality'. The volume publishes, for the first time, complete transcripts of the British-Irish defence co-operation talks that took place in late May 1940. It includes full reports on the progress of the war in Europe from Irish diplomats in London, Berlin, Paris, Rome and Washington and covers such areas as the Russo-Finnish Winter War, the invasion and fall of France, the invasion of Norway, Churchill's rise to power, the Blitz, daily life in Berlin during World War Two and Luftwaffe attacks on Ireland. Most importantly, it reveals in detail hitherto unknown, the increasingly complex and highly-charged nature of wartime British-Irish relations. The volume is the most comprehensive account ever published of Ireland's foreign policy during the first years of the Second World War.
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The third volume in the "Documents on Irish Foreign Policy" series, reveals how through the League of Nations, the Commonwealth and a small network of overseas missions the Department of External Affairs protected Ireland's international interests in the increasingly unstable world system of the late 1920s and the early 1930s. Elected in 1930 to the Council of the League of Nations (the equivalent of today's UN Security Council) Irish diplomats faced grave problems across the globe. Through the Council Irish foreign policy developed a truly international perspective, far beyond the concerns of Anglo-Irish relations which had long dominated Ireland's external affairs. Anglo-Irish relations were strained in the 1920s as successive Ministers for External Affairs, FitzGerald, O'Higgins and McGilligan and President W.T. Cosgrave sought to develop Ireland's independence by stripping the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty back to its basic articles.The result was a widespread reform of Dominion status in which the Irish increasingly took the initiative through the Imperial Conferences of 1926 and 1930. By 1932, when Cosgrave's Cumann na nGaedheal government left office, Ireland was in full control of her internal and external affairs and the British Empire had given way to the Commonwealth. Volume III explores the varied means by which Irish politicians and diplomats sought to secure Ireland's place amongst the nations. The volume examines the visit of Cosgrave to the United States and Canada in January 1928, the first overseas visit by an Irish Prime Minister. It also looks at Irish relations with the Holy See in the run-up to the 1932 Eucharistic Congress in Dublin, the views of Irish diplomats on the collapse of Weimar Germany and problems such as selling Ireland as a tourist destination in the United States and the development of trade with Europe.The other issues covered include how much state hospitality should be afforded in Dublin to visiting dignitaries and the use by Irish diplomats of new technologies, such as cinema newsreels and talkie films to bring to a world audience the message that Ireland was an independent state that sought peace and prosperity across the international system. Ireland had an active foreign policy in the years surrounding the Great Depression. The story of this critical period in world history as it affected Ireland and as seen by Irish diplomats has never before been told. "DIFP Volume III" tells that story through the confidential telegrams, secret despatches and personal letters of this small group of men and women.
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This volume takes as its starting point, the formation of Ireland's first Fianna Fail administration, led by Eamon de Valera - who assumed a dual role as President of the Executive Council and Minister for External Affairs. As a result of the importance attached by de Valera to the External Affairs portfolio, the department grew in both status and power, within the Irish administrative system. Officials at the department were keen to grasp the opportunities offered, for developing policy, under their new minister. Individuals such as Joseph P. Walshe (Secretary of the DEA) and John W. Dulanty (Irish High Commissioner in London) were each given latitude in the tactical execution of policy and Walshe in particular developed a close professional and personal relationship with de Valera. From the outset, Irish diplomats played a pivotal role in the implementation of de Valera's vision of rewriting and ultimately abolishing many aspects of the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty. The period covered by this volume proved to be an eventful one in terms of Ireland's developing foreign policy. De Valera and his officials at the Department for External Affairs soon set about restructuring the framework of British-Irish relations and dismantling the 1921 Treaty. Legislation facilitating the abolition of the oath of allegiance was introduced in Dail Eireann, land annuity payments due to Britain were withheld, the office of Governor General was downgraded, King Edward VII died, his successor abdicated and two External Relations Acts were passed by the Dail. By the end of 1936, there had been almost five years of continuous and comprehensive redefinition of British-Irish relations. Although British-Irish relations were the most important aspect of Irish Foreign Policy in the 1930s, Ireland's relationship with its nearest neighbour was not the sole concern of politicians and diplomats. The imposition of British retaliatory tariffs, following the retention of the annuity payments, led Irish officials to look abroad in search of alternative international markets for the country's exports. This outward looking approach was also clearly evident at the League of Nations in Geneva. During the 1930s, Ireland enjoyed a period of unparalleled involvement on the wider international stage, through membership of the League of Nations. Ireland's position on the League Council, the Irish Presidency of the same council, de Valera's addresses to the League Assembly and Sean Lester's service as the League of Nations High Commissioner in Danzig and mediator in international disputes greatly increased the country's international profile and earned international respect. Elsewhere, diplomatic links with Europe and the USA continued to be fostered and, on the eve of the Spanish Civil War, an Irish Legation opened in Madrid. Predominance is given in this volume to documents that chart the complex reorientation of the relationship between Ireland and Britain. This reflects the primary emphasis of Irish Foreign Policy during the period. Many documents relating to Ireland's role at the League of Nations have also been included. With diplomats stationed in Berlin, Paris and Vatican City, the Department of External Affairs was kept well informed of the developments on the continent. Many documents charting the course of European events in the run up to the second world war survive and are published here.
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Volume V in the "DIFP" series chronicles the development and execution of Irish foreign policy in the last years of peace and the lead up to the outbreak of World War Two in September 1939. The volume explains in unrivalled detail the important developments in British-Irish relations in 1937 that led to the April 1938 Anglo-Irish Agreement over trade, finance and defence, which allowed Ireland to remain neutral in World War Two. While British-Irish relations are the most important theme covered in DIFP V, the volume also shows how in the aftermath of the 1938 Agreement Ireland moved from supporting the League of Nations as the League declined in importance in the later 1930s and prepared to implement wartime neutrality.The Irish legation in Berlin was destroyed during an RAF bombing raid in 1943 and the Department of External Affairs in May 1940 destroyed many papers relating to Irish-German relations, fearing that Ireland would soon be invaded by Germany. "DIFP V" has utilised the remaining sources to provide as comprehensive a picture as possible of Irish relations with Hitler's Germany in the late 1930s. The volume examines the destruction of documents by the Department of External Affairs in 1940 and provides the first comprehensive listing of material known to have been destroyed in the invasion scare.A significant portion of the volume is given over to a comprehensive account of Ireland's policy towards the Spanish civil war, including the question of whether to recognize Franco's government before the end of the civil war and how to safeguard the life of Irishman Frank Ryan, an IRA man fighting with the International Brigade, captured, jailed and sentenced to death in Spain by the Nationalists. The volume contains confidential reports and deciphered code telegram from the Irish legations in Washington, London, Paris, Geneva, Berlin and the Holy See to Dublin, including newly declassified material recently discovered in the Irish Embassy in London. "DIFP V" is essential for anyone interested in Irish history and Irish foreign policy and in a wider context the response of small states to the clash between democracy and fascism that led to the Second World War.
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Volume II in the Documents on Irish Foreign Policy series concerns the establishment of the Irish Free State as a sovereign, independent state on the international stage. The opening date of the volume, 6 December 1922, marks the establishment of the Irish Free State under the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty. The closing date, 19 March 1926, is that of the Ultimate Financial Agreement between the Irish Free State and Britain. This volume presents the first exclusive account of the Irish government's policy towards the Boundary Commission, the relationship which was to define the border between Northern Ireland and the Republic. The first steps in the creation of the state are chronicled, including Ireland's admission to the League of Nations and the appointment of Ireland's first overseas envoy, Professor T.A. Smiddy, as Minister Plenipotentiary to the US. Volume II offers close insight into the development of Irish-American relations and the fraught negotiations surrounding the Boundary Commission and its collapse. It is indispensable to historians of Irish foreign policy and the most authoritive record compiled of Ireland's fledgling diplomatic relations.
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Nazi gold, fugitive war criminals, the threat of nuclear war and the growing dominance of Communism are central themes in the latest volume of Documents on Irish Foreign Policy. Now in its 15th year, the in-depth documentary history series continues to open up the secret archives of the Department of Foreign Affairs. Volume VIII spans 1945 to 1948 and shows that during the immediate post-war years Ireland had to redefine its global position as a result of wartime neutrality and the developing Cold War. Previously thought to be a time of vacuum and isolation, as it is revealed here the post-war years saw Ireland engage with a wide range of multilateral organisations, open new diplomatic missions and repair relations with states.
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Volume VII of Documents on Irish Foreign Policy chronicles Ireland's struggle to remain neutral and sovereign during the 'Emergency' years. The volume provides the clearest and most accessible explanation to date, through original sources, of the rational underpinning of Ireland's wartime neutrality. The taoiseach and minister for external affairs Eamon de Valera believed that Ireland's independence would suffer if the country took part in great power quarrels. The volume gives evidence for a very real fear that participation in the war would lead to renewed civil war, given the wide public support neutrality had. The sources presented reflect British-Irish, Irish-American and Irish-German relations during the government's drive to maintain neutrality. As the likelihood of Allied victory rose, Dublin had also to ensure Ireland's independence and freedom among the great powers of the post war world. In 1945 the rise of the Soviet Union and the United States' looming replacement of Germany, Britain and France as the western superpower led to concerns that Ireland's image abroad might shrink to insignificance. Volume VII marks the beginning of this period of fundamental change in the nature and scope of Irish foreign policy.
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• ABBREVIATIONS.
• 1. THE LIFE.
• 2. THE REVOLUTIONARY.
• 3. THE INTELLECTUAL.
• 4. THE COMPANION.
• 5. THE LEGACIES. BIBLIOGRAPHY. INDEX.
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Ernie O'Malley (1897-1957) was one of the most talented and colourful of modern Irish republicans. An important IRA leader in the 1916-1923 Irish Revolution, this bookish gunman subsequently became a distinguished intellectual, and the author of two classic autobiographical accounts of the revolutionary period: On Another Man's Wound and The Singing Flame. His post-revolutionary life took on a bohemian flavour. Travelling extensively in Europe and America, he mixed with a wide range of artistic and literary figures, and devoted himself to a variety of writing projects. In his IRA career he mixed with revolutionaries such as Michael Collins and Eamon de Valera; in his post-IRA years his friends included Samuel Beckett, Louis MacNeice, John Wayne, and John Ford. This important new thematic biography draws on previously unseen archival sources, and introduces O'Malley to both scholarly and general readers. O'Malley's post-revolutionary life was as turbulent as his IRA years, and illuminates many persistent themes of Irish history, ranging from the origins and culture of militant republicanism and the complexities of Anglo-Irish relations to the development of intellectual and artistic life in twentieth-century Ireland. This exciting new biography will be essential reading for anyone seeking to understand the background to modern Irish politics and the past and present role of the IRA.
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• PART I: REVOLUTION, 1916-1923
• PART II: REBELS
• PART III: THE PATH TO REVOLUTION
• PART IV: NEIGHBOURS AND ENEMIES.
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What is it like to be in the I.R.A. - or at their mercy? This fascinating study explores the lives and deaths of the enemies and victims of the County Cork I.R.A. between 1916 and 1923 - the most powerful and deadly branch of the I.R.A. during one of the most turbulent periods in twentieth-century Ireland. These years saw the breakdown of the British legal system and police authority, the rise of republican violence, and the escalation of the conflict into a full-scale guerilla war, leading to a wave of riots, ambushes, lootings, and reprisal killings, with civilians forming the majority of victims in this unacknowledged civil war. Religion may have provided the starting point for the conflict, but class prejudice, patriotism, and personal grudges all fuelled the development and continuation of widespread violence. Using an unprecedented range of sources - many of them only recently made public - Peter Hart explores the motivation behind such activity. His conclusions not only reveal a hidden episode of Ireland's troubled past but provide valuable insights into the operation of similar terrorist groups today.
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• v. 1. Text and historiography
• v. 2. Documents and analysis.

A companion volume to "Ireland 1905-1925 Volume One", this work is a collection of contemporary articles and constitutional documents, selected and edited by Professor A. Hepburn. Hepburn adds a highly informative commentary on each section and all documents are flagged at appropriate points.
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This is a readable account of Irish history in the first quarter of the 20th century. Drawing on the most recent scholarship on this period, the author presents a balanced narrative, with a useful historiographical section at the end of each chapter.
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