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• Forewords xxiii Preface xxv Acknowledgments xxix About the Authors xxxv
• Chapter 1: Introduction to Subsurface Mapping 1 Textbook Overview 1 The Philosophical Doctrine of Accurate Subsurface Interpretation and Mapping 3 Mentors and Mentoring 7 Types of Subsurface Maps and Cross Sections 7
• Chapter 2: Contouring and Contouring Techniques 9 Introduction 9 Three-Dimensional Perspective 10 Calculation of Bed Dip 13 Rules of Contouring 14 Methods of Contouring by Hand 17 Computer-Based Contouring Concepts and Applications 23
• Chapter 3: Measuring Depth, Directionally Drilled Wells, and Directional Surveys 49 Introduction 49 Vertical Wells 50 Directionally Drilled Wells 60 Application of Directionally Drilled Wells 60 Common Types of Directionally Drilled Wells 60 Directional Well Plan 64 Directional Tools Used for Measurements 65 Directional Survey Calculations 68 Directional Survey Uncertainties 71 Directional Well Plots 73 Wells Without Directional Surveys 79
• Chapter 4: Log Correlation Techniques 81 Introduction 81 Electric Log Correlation Procedures and Guidelines 83 Correlation Type Log 86 Electric Log Correlation-Vertical Wells 90 Electric Log Correlation-Directionally Drilled Wells 102 Correlation of Vertical and Directionally Drilled Wells 105 MLT, TVDT, TVT, and TST 120 Electric Log Correlation-Horizontal Wells 122 Computer-Based Log Correlation 129 Repeated
• Section 138 Estimating Restored Tops 143 Unconformities 149 Annotation and Documentation 150
• Chapter 5: Integration of Geophysical Data in Subsurface Mapping 155 Introduction and Philosophy 155 The Process 158 Data Validation and Interpretation 160 Data Extraction 188 Some Final Thoughts on Seismic Mapping 195
• Chapter 6: Cross Sections 197 Introduction 197 Planning a Cross
• Section 198 Structural Cross Sections 198 Stratigraphic Cross Sections 204 Problem-Solving Cross Sections 206 Finished Illustration (Show) Cross Sections 207 Correlation Sections 215 Cross-Section Design 217 Vertical Exaggeration 223 Projection of Wells 226 Cross-Section Construction Across Faults 239 Three-Dimensional Views 245 Cross-Section Construction Using a Computer 256 Fault-Seal Analysis 262 Chronostratigraphic Sections 272
• Chapter 7: Fault Maps 275 Introduction 275 Fault Terminology 277 Definition of Fault Displacement 279 Mathematical Relationship of Throw to Vertical Separation 280 Fault Data Determined from Well Logs 284 Fault Surface Map Construction 288 Types of Fault Patterns 295 Fault Data Determined from Seismic Information 322 Growth Faults 338 Directional Surveys and Fault Surface Maps 346 Vertical Separation-Correction Factor and Documentation 351
• Chapter 8: Structure Maps 353 Introduction 353 Guidelines to Contouring 355 Summary of the Methods of Contouring by Hand 362 Contouring Faulted Surfaces 363 Manual Integration of Fault and Structure Maps 378 Fault Traces and Gaps-Shortcuts and Pitfalls 391 Structure Map-Generic Case Study 404 The Additive Property of Faults 408 Integration of Seismic and Well Data for Structure Mapping 411 Other Mapping Techniques 413 Application of Contour Compatibility Across Faults 423 Mapping Techniques for Various Tectonic Habitats 427 Requirements for a Reasonable Structural Interpretation and Completed Maps 473 Perched Water 475
• Chapter 9: Interpretation of Three-Dimensional Seismic Data 479 Introduction and Philosophy 479 Planning an Effective Three-Dimensional Interpretation Project 488 Fault Interpretation 490 Horizon Interpretation 511 Structure Mapping 527 Depth Conversion 530 Conclusion 538
• Chapter 10: Compressional Structures: Balancing and Interpretation 539 Introduction 539 Structural Geology and Balancing 540 Mechanical Stratigraphy 541 Classical Balancing Techniques 543 Computer-Aided Structural Modeling and Balancing 548 Locating Thrust Faults on Dip and Strike Lines 558 Cross-Section Consistency 567 Cross-Section Construction 572 Depth-To-Detachment Calculations 585 Nonclassical Methods 587
• Chapter 11: Extensional Structures: Balancing and Interpretation 635 Introduction 635 Origin of Hanging Wall (Rollover) Anticlines 636 A Graphical Dip Domain Technique for Projecting Large Growth Faults to Depth 647 Origin of Synthetic and Antithetic Faults, Keystone Structures, and Downward Dying Growth Faults 654 Three-Dimensional Effects and Cross Structures 664 Strike-Ramp Pitfall 666 Compaction Effects Along Growth Normal Faults 672 Using Structural Relief and Throw to Predict the Downthrown Stratigraphic
• Section 687
• Chapter 12: Strike-Slip Faults and Associated Structures 723 Introduction 723 Mapping Strike-Slip Faults 724 Criteria for Strike-Slip Faulting 731 Analysis of Lateral Displacements 733 Scaling Factors for Strike-Slip Displacements 746 Balancing Strike-Slip Faults 748 Summary for
• Section 771 General Conclusions for
• Chapter 12 772
• Chapter 13: Growth Structures 775 Introduction 775 Multiple Bischke Plot Analysis and d/d Methods 780 Accuracy of Method 787 Examples of the d/d Method 787 The Multiple Bischke Plot Analysis 797 Vertical Separation Versus Depth Method 804 Conclusions 814
• Chapter 14: Isochore and Isopach Maps 817 Introduction 817 Sand-Shale Distribution 822 Basic Construction of Isochore Maps 822 Methods of Contouring the Hydrocarbon Wedge 837 Vertical Thickness Determinations 847 Vertical Thickness and Fluid Contacts in Deviated Wells 857 Mapping the Top of Structure Versus the Top of Porosity 862 Fault Wedges 865 Nonsealing Faults 868 Volumetric Configuration of a Reservoir 873 Reservoir Volume Determinations from Isochore Maps 874 Tilted Hydrocarbon/Water Contacts 875 Introductory Reservoir Engineering 879 Interval Isopach Maps 882
• Appendix 887 References 891 Index 915.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The Gold-Standard "Bible" for Applied Subsurface Geological Mapping: Extensively Updated for Working Teams' Latest Advances Long recognized as the most authoritative, practical, and comprehensive guide to structural mapping methods, Applied Three-Dimensional Subsurface Geological Mapping, Third Edition, has been thoroughly updated to reflect recent technical developments, with an emphasis on shale play basins, horizontal drilling, unconventional resources, and modern workflows. The authors of this edition have more than a century of collective experience in hydrocarbon exploration and development, in major, large, independent companies throughout the world. In this long-awaited update, they present revised and new chapters on computer mapping, shale basin exploration, and prospect reserves and risk. They introduce key innovations related to shale reservoirs, hydraulic fracturing, and deviated, horizontal, and directional wells, along with expanded discussions of computer interpretations and mapping. Throughout, the book links theory and practice based on fundamental geoscience principles. These principles will help you integrate all available geological, geophysical, and engineering data, to generate more reasonable and viable subsurface interpretations, and to construct maps that successfully identify reserves. Master core principles and proven methods for accurate subsurface interpretations and mapping Construct subsurface maps and cross-sections from well logs, seismic sections, and outcrop data Work effectively with horizontal and directionally drilled wells and directional surveys Use powerful well log-correlation techniques Construct viable fault and horizon structure maps Balance and interpret compressional, extensional, and strike-slip structures Distinguish between the different structure styles and the characterization of growth structures Understand isochore and isopach maps This book is indispensable for every integrated working team, consisting of geologists, geophysicists, and engineers, that prepares subsurface geological interpretations and maps, as well as for every manager, executive, and investor who uses or evaluates prospects. Register your book for convenient access to downloads, updates, and/or corrections as they become available. See inside book for details.
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This book chiefly focuses on environmental flow, water pollution and water quality. Several chapters also cover water treatment technologies and management. In today's context, climate change and climate variability are important issues in the water sector, which is called upon to develop adaptation strategies to cope with their negative impacts. Human health depends upon the quality of water used for drinking and irrigation purposes. These core issues are discussed and addressed in several chapters. The book explores the impact of climate change on water resources and considers various climatological scenarios. In this regard, it carries out a trend analysis and compares the performance of various Global Climate Models (GCMs). Further, it conducts a water quality analysis and water quality mapping so as to provide information on the most vulnerable areas in the context of water quality. Emerging pollutants, generated from paper mills, are identified in order to choose an appropriate treatment technology. Bioremediation techniques are included for the characterization of improved water quality parameters. The book also presents a low-cost treatment technology for fluoride removal, which can help water managers ensure potable water to stakeholders. In terms of maintaining river ecology in the downstream areas of water resources project sites, the book provides a number of case studies on assessment of environmental flows. Advanced treatment technologies that can be highly advantageous for removing water pollutants are presented. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable resource for academics, water resources practitioners, scientists, water managers, environmentalists, administrators, NGOs, researchers and students who are involved in water management with a main focus on water pollution, the environment, climate change and health. .
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Dedication / Katharine Lee Avary; Kenneth O. Hasson; Richard J. Diecchio
• Upper Ordovician Juniata Formation, Central Appalachian Basin, USA: A record of Milankovitch-forced eustatic oscillations originating from glaciations in polar Gondwana / Linda A. Hinnov; Richard J. Diecchio
• Outlier of Trenton Group limestones (Ordovician) and Clinch Sandstone (Silurian) and associated unconformities in the Tellico-Sevier syncline, Blount County, Tennessee, identified on the basis of conodont biostratigraphy / John T. Haynes; Stephen A. Leslie; Achim D. Herrmann; Nathan T. Long
• Arc-to-craton: Devonian air-fall tephras in the eastern United States / C.A. Ver Straeten; D.J. Over; G.C. Baird
• Using Fischer plots to identify third-order sequences in the Middle Devonian, mixed carbonate-siliciclastic strata of West Virginia / Thomas C. Wynn; Jennifer M. Bloom
• Late Devonian lonestones, diamictites, and coeval black shales from the Appalachian Basin: Discerning relationships and implications for Late Devonian Appalachian history and glacially driven seafloor anoxia / Frank R. Ettensohn; Geoff Clayton; R. Thomas Lierman; Charles E. Mason; Federico F. Krause; Christopher DeBuhr; Thomas B. Brackman; Eric D. Anderson; Allen J. Dennis; Jack C. Pashin
• Lithostratigraphy of the Early Mississippian Grainger Formation and related strata in northeastern Tennessee / Kenneth O. Hasson
• Middle Mississippian (late Osagean; early Viséan) Floyds Knob glauconite interval, Borden and Fort Payne Formations, Appalachian and Illinois Basins, Kentucky, USA: Synergistic influence of tectonics, paleoclimate, and paleogeography / Devi B.P. Udgata; Frank R. Ettensohn
• Middle Eocene bentonite in the North Carolina Coastal Plain and its relationship to the volcanic swarm in western Virginia / W. Burleigh Harris; Paul A. Thayer
• Quantitative paleoecology of marine faunas in the lower Hamilton Group (Middle Devonian, central New York): Significance for probing models of long-term community stability / Cathryn R. Newton; Willis B. Newman; James C. Brower
• Ammonoids from the Tully Formation and Harrell Shale in Pennsylvania: Markers of sea-level highstands in the Middle to Late Devonian transition, Appalachian foreland basin, eastern North America / William T. Kirchgasser; Gordon C. Baird; Carlton E. Brett
• Late Devonian fossils and position of the Frasnian-Famennian boundary in the Foreknobs Formation of Virginia and West Virginia / Thomas J. Rossbach
• Three-dimensional model of a mushwad and its implications for the evolution of an Appalachian subrecess in northwestern Georgia / Brian S. Cook; William A. Thomas

"Dr. John M. Dennison spent his career studying the Appalachians, teaching and mentoring his students and professional colleagues, publishing papers, leading field trips, and presenting ideas at regional, national and international conferences. This volume is a collection of papers contributed by former students and colleagues to honor his memory. Learn about stratigraphy and paleontology ranging in age from Ordovician to Mississippian in Kentucky, New York, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia; Devonian airfall tephras throughout the eastern United States; a Devonian lonestone; a Middle Eocene bentonite in North Carolina and its relationship to a volcanic swarm in western Virginia; and a 3D model of a ductile duplex in northwestern Georgia. The stratigraphic and geologic diversity of the papers reflect Dennison's many interests and relationships with a large group of geoscientists"-- Provided by publisher

The Arctic, often imagined as one of the most inhospitable places on earth, has been inhabited for nearly 30,000 years. The various communities that call the region home have found ingenious ways to harness and celebrate their environment, and to co-exist with its wildlife. Today, man-made climate change is transforming the region at an unprecedented rate, bringing with it a new set of challenges. Arctic: culture and climate explores the history of the Circumpolar North and its peoples through the lens of climate change and weather, drawing on a wealth of objects, artworks and voices - from past and present - to show how Arctic Peoples and their cultural traditions have continued to thrive amid both social and environmental change.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Contributors vii
• Preface xi
• Acknowledgments xiii
• Part I: Biological Weathering
• 1. Biological Weathering in the Terrestrial System: An Evolutionary Perspective 3 Dragos G. Zaharescu, Carmen I. Burghelea, Katerina Dontsova, Christopher T. Reinhard, Jon Chorover, and Rebecca Lybrand
• 2. Plants as Drivers of Rock Weathering 33 Katerina Dontsova, Zsuzsanna Balogh?Brunstad, and Jon Chorover
• 3. Microbial Weathering of Minerals and Rocks in Natural Environments 59 Toby Samuels, Casey Bryce, Hanna Landenmark, Claire Marie-Loudon, Natasha Nicholson, Adam H. Stevens, and Charles Cockell
• 4. Micro? and Nanoscale Techniques to Explore Bacteria and Fungi Interactions with Silicate Minerals 81 Zsuzsanna Balogh?Brunstad, Kyle Smart, Alice Dohnalkova, Loredana Saccone, and Mark M. Smits
• 5. Modeling Microbial Dynamics and Heterotrophic Soil Respiration: Effect of Climate Change 103 Elsa Abs and Regis Ferriere
• Part II: Elemental Cycles
• 6. Critical Zone Biogeochemistry: Linking Structure and Function 133 Bryan Moravec and Jon Chorover
• 7. Tracking the Fate of Plagioclase Weathering Products: Pedogenic and Human Influences 151 Scott W. Bailey
• 8. Small Catchment Scale Molybdenum Isotope Balance and its Implications for Global Molybdenum Isotope Cycling 163 Thomas N?gler, Marie?Claire Pierret, Andrea Voegelin, Thomas Pettke, Lucas Aschwanden, and Igor Villa
• 9. Trace Metal Legacy in Mountain Environments: A View from the Pyrenees Mountains 191 Gael Le Roux, Sophia V. Hansson, Adrien Claustres, Stephane Binet, Francois De Vleeschouwer, Laure Gandois, Florence Mazier, Anaelle Simonneau, Roman Teisserenc, Deonie Allen, Thomas Rosset, Marilen Haver, Luca Da Ros, Didier Galop, Pilar Durantez, Anne Probst, Jose Miguel Sanchez-Perez, Sabine Sauvage, Pascal Laffaille, Severine Jean, Dirk S. Schmeller, Lluis Camarero, Laurent Marquer, and Stephen Lofts
• 10. Poised to Hindcast and Earthcast the Effect of Climate on the Critical Zone: Shale Hills as a Model 207 Pamela L. Sullivan, Li Li, Yves Godderis, and Susan L. Brantley
• Part III: Frontier and Managed Ecosystems
• 11. Importance of the Collection of Abundant Ground?Truth Data for Accurate Detection of Spatial and Temporal Variability of Vegetation by Satellite Remote Sensing 225 Shin Nagai, Kenlo Nishida Nasahara, Tomoko Kawaguchi Akitsu, Taku M. Saitoh, and Hiroyuki Muraoka
• 12. Biogeochemical Cycling of Redox?Sensitive Elements in Permafrost?Affected Ecosystems 245 Elizabeth Herndon, Lauren Kinsman?Costello, and Sarah Godsey
• 13. Anthropogenic Interactions with Rock Varnish 267 Ronald I. Dorn
• 14. Cycling of Natural Sources of Phosphorus and Potassium for Environmental Sustainability 285 Biraj B. Basak, Ashis Maity, and Dipak R. Biswas
• 15. Ecological Drivers and Environmental Impacts of Biogeochemical Cycles: Challenges and Opportunities 301 Katerina Dontsova, Zsuzsanna Balogh?Brunstad, and Gael Le Roux
• Index 307.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Biogeochemical Cycles: Ecological Drivers and Environmental Impact is a collection of the latest information on the techniques and methods currently used in this field, focusing on biological and/or ecological effects of biogeochemical elemental cycles including carbon, nitrogen, major and trace elements, chemical weathering on multiple scales of nanometers to watersheds, and advances in technology of studying these processes. Volume highlights include: - Remote sensing and modeling techniques used to quantify changes in the ecosystem/s productivity, and microscopic techniques to estimate the extent of weathering - Novel isotopic techniques to assess changes in trace elemental cycles as influenced by the changing climate, and plant-mediated effect of climate change on major elemental cycles - Impact of climate change and other anthropogenic influences in agricultural and extreme (frontier) environments Biogeochemical Cycles: Ecological Drivers and Environmental Impact is a valuable resource for students, researchers and professionals in the field of biogeosciences, hydrology, ecology, earth and planetary surface processes, volcanology, petrology, geochemistry, mineralogy, soil science, agricultural science, climate change and environmental science.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Sourced illustrations. Preface. Acknowledgements. 1) Uniformitarianism: the first breakthrough-- 2) Evolution and the Origin of Species-- 3) Continental drift. 4) Mantle convection: a mechanism for continental drift? 5) Deformation ellipsoid to ductile shear zone-- 6) Plate tectonics-- 7) Ophiolites: clues to the ocean crust and mantle-- 8) Fault system kinematics-- 9) Back-arc basins and trench roll-back-- 10) Hot-spots and mantle plumes-- 11) Sequence stratigraphy-- 12) Gravity spreading. Appendix. Glossary. References. Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Geological research does not flow steadily onwards by means of small incremental advances but can be better understood as a series of significant discoveries or changes in interpretation that transformed the way we understand the Earth. Each of these changes or new ideas encouraged a burst of activity as researchers attempted to apply them more widely in order to test their universality, and thereby their validity as a scientific theory. Probably the best example of such a transformative idea is Plate Tectonics, which, although questioned at the time it was introduced, is now universally accepted as a general principleA large number of the subsequent advances in geological understanding have been based upon this breakthrough. Each of the 12 chapters in this book represents a new idea or discovery, which is discussed in its historical context. In each case the salient features of these ideas are described, together with some biographical details of the individual scientists credited with them - but also mentioning others whose role in the generation of the idea is perhaps not so obvious. Of instant appeal to geologists and other earth scientists interested in how their science evolved over time by means of a number of revolutionary ideas, this book also serves as a paradigm for the history of science across many disciplines.
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Two hundred and fifty years ago Captain James Cook, during his extraordinary voyages of navigation and maritime exploration, searched for Antarctica - the Unknown Southern Continent. During parts of his three voyages in the southern Pacific and Southern Oceans, Cook narrowed the options' for the location of Antarctica. Over three summers, he completed a circumnavigation of portions of the Southern Continent, encountering impenetrable barriers of ice, and he suggested the continent existed, a frozen land not populated by a living soul. Yet his Antarctic voyages are perhaps the least studied of all his remarkable travels. That is why James Hamilton's gripping and scholarly study, which brings together the stories of Cook's Antarctic journeys into a single volume, is such an original and timely addition to the literature on Cook and eighteenth-century exploration. Using Cook's journals and the log books of officers who sailed with him, the book sets his Antarctic explorations within the context of his historic voyages. The main focus is on the Second Voyage (1772-1775), but brief episodes in the First Voyage (during 1769) and the Third Voyage (1776) are part of the story. Throughout the narrative Cook's exceptional seamanship and navigational skills, and that of his crew, are displayed during often-difficult passages in foul weather across uncharted and inhospitable seas. Captain James Cook and the Search for Antarctica offers the reader a fascinating insight into Cook the seaman and explorer, and it will be essential reading for anyone who has a particular interest the history of the Southern Continent.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Contributors vii
• Preface xi
• 1. Pressure?Induced sp2?sp3 Transitions in Carbon?Bearing Phases 1 Sergey S. Lobanov and Alexander F. Goncharov
• 2. High?Pressure Carbonaceous Phases as Minerals 11 Oliver Tschauner
• 3. Phase and Melting Relations of Fe3C to 300 GPa and Carbon in the Core 25 Suguru Takahashi, Eiji Ohtani, Takeshi Sakai, Seiji Kamada, Shin Ozawa, Tatsuya Sakamaki, Masaaki Miyahara, Yoshinori Ito, Naohisa Hirao, and Yasuo Ohishi
• 4. Structure and Properties of Liquid Fe?C Alloys at High Pressures by Experiments and First?Principles Calculations 37 Bin Chen and Jianwei Wang
• 5. A Geologic Si?O?C Pathway to Incorporate Carbon in Silicates 47 Alexandra Navrotsky, John Percival, and Larissa Dobrzhinetskaya
• 6. Structural and Chemical Modifications of Carbon Dioxide on Transport to the Deep Earth 55 Mario Santoro, Federico A. Gorelli, Kamil Dziubek, Demetrio Scelta, and Roberto Bini
• 7. Carbon Redox Chemistry: Deep Carbon Dioxide and Carbonates 67 Choong?Shik Yoo
• 8. Crystallization of Water Mediated by Carbon 77 Tianshu Li, Yuanfei Bi, and Boxiao Cao
• 9. Structures and Crystal Chemistry of Carbonate at Earth's Mantle Conditions 87 Marco Merlini, Sula Milani, and Juliette Maurice
• 10. Nitrogen Diffusion in Calcite 97 Daniele Cherniak, Morgan Schaller, and Bruce Watson
• 11. High?Pressure Transformations and Stability of Ferromagnesite in the Earth's Mantle 105 Eglantine Boulard, Francois Guyot, and Guillaume Fiquet
• 12. Spin Transition of Iron in Deep?Mantle Ferromagnesite 115 Jiachao Liu, Suyu Fu, and Jung?Fu Lin
• 13. High?Pressure Na?Ca Carbonates in the Deep Carbon Cycle 127 Sergey Rashchenko, Anton Shatskiy, and Konstantin Litasov
• 14. Phase Diagrams of Carbonate Materials at High Pressures, with Implications for Melting and Carbon Cycling in the Deep Earth 137 Konstantin Litasov, Anton Shatskiy, Ivan Podborodnikov, and Anton Arefiev
• 15. Reactive Preservation of Carbonate in Earth's Mantle Transition Zone 167 Jie Li, Feng Zhu, Jiachao Liu, and Junjie Dong
• 16. Carbon Speciation and Solubility in Silicate Melts 179 Natalia Solomatova, Razvan Caracas, and Ronald Cohen
• 17. The Effect of Variable Na/K on the CO2 Content of Slab?Derived Rhyolitic Melts 195 Michelle Muth, Megan S. Duncan, and Rajdeep Dasgupta
• 18. Hydrous Carbonatitic Liquids Drive CO2 Recycling From Subducted Marls and Limestones 209 Erwin Schettino and Stefano Poli
• 19. The Viscosity of Carbonate?Silicate Transitional Melts at Earth's Upper Mantle Pressures and Temperatures, Determined by the In Situ Falling?Sphere Technique 223 Vincenzo Stagno, Yoshio Kono, Veronica Stopponi, Matteo Masotta, Piergiorgio Scarlato, and Craig E. Manning
• 20. Mixed Fluids of Water and Carbon Dioxide 237 Evan Abramson
• 21. Experimental Determination of Calcite Solubility in H2O?KCl?NaCl?LiCl Solutions at 700 DegreesC and 8 kbar 245 James Eguchi, Yuan Li, and Craig E. Manning
• 22. The Changing Character of Carbon in Fluids with Pressure: Organic Geochemistry of Earth's Upper Mantle Fluids 259 Dimitri Sverjensky, Isabelle Daniel, and Alberto Vitale Brovarone
• 23. Free Energies of Reaction for Aqueous Glycine Condensation Chemistry at Extreme Temperatures 271 Matthew Kroonblawd and Nir Goldman
• 24. Predicted Speciation of Carbon in Subduction Zone Fluids 285 Meghan Guild and Everett L. Shock
• 25. Energetics of the Citric Acid Cycle in the Deep Biosphere 303 Peter A. Canovas, III and Everett L. Shock
• 26. Deep Hydrocarbon Cycle: An Experimental Simulation 329 Vladimir Kutcherov, Kirill Ivanov, Elena Mukhina, and Aleksandr Serovaiskii
• 27. Diamondoids Under Pressure 341 Sulgiye Park, Yu Lin, and Wendy L. Mao
• Index 351.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Explores the behavior of carbon in minerals, melts, and fluids under extreme conditions Carbon trapped in diamonds and carbonate-bearing rocks in subduction zones are examples of the continuing exchange of substantial carbon between Earth's surface and its interior. However, there is still much to learn about the forms, transformations, and movements of carbon deep inside the Earth. Carbon in Earth's Interior presents recent research on the physical and chemical behavior of carbon-bearing materials and serves as a reference point for future carbon science research. Volume highlights include: Data from mineral physics, petrology, geochemistry, geophysics, and geodynamics Research on the deep carbon cycle and carbon in magmas or fluids Dynamics, structure, stability, and reactivity of carbon-based natural materials Properties of allied substances that carry carbon Rates of chemical and physical transformations of carbon The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
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The book gives an overview of the correlation, causes and consequences of significant short-term (1000 to 100 000 years) sea-level fluctuations during the last major greenhouse episode of Earth history. The volume presents Cretaceous sea-level cycles in detail in order to differentiate and quantify both short- and long-term records based on orbital cyclicity. -- Provided by publisher

• Contributors vii
• Preface xi
• 1. A Brief History of Dayside Magnetospheric Physics 1 A. Otto
• Part I: Physics of Dayside Magnetospheric Response to Solar Wind Discontinuities
• 2. Transient Phenomena at the Magnetopause and Bow Shock and Their Ground Signatures: Summary of the Geospace Environment Modeling (GEM) Focus Group Findings Between 2012 and 2016 13 Hui Zhang and Qiugang Zong
• 3. Transient Solar Wind-Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Interaction Associated with Foreshock and Magnetosheath Transients and Localized Magnetopause Reconnection 39 Y. Nishimura, B. Wang, Y. Zou, E. F. Donovan, V. Angelopoulos, J. I. Moen, L. B. Clausen, and T. Nagatsuma
• 4. Dayside Magnetospheric Interactions Inferred from Dayside Diffuse Aurora and Throat Aurora 55 De?Sheng Han
• 5. Magnetosphere Response to Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure Change: Vortices, ULF Waves, and Aurorae 77 Q. Q. Shi, X.?C. Shen, A. M. Tian, A. W. Degeling, Qiugang Zong, S. Y. Fu, Z. Y. Pu, H. Y. Zhao, Hui Zhang, and S. T. Yao
• Part II: Structure and Dynamics of Dayside Boundaries
• 6. Cluster Mission's Recent Highlights at Dayside Boundaries 101 Philippe Escoubet, A. Masson, H. Laakso, and M. L. Goldstein
• 7. Structure and Dynamics of the Magnetosheath 117 Katariina Nykyri
• 8. An Examination of the Magnetopause Position and Shape Based Upon New Observations 135 Z. Ne?mec?ek, J. Safrankova, and J. Simu?nek
• 9. Methods for Finding Magnetic Nulls and Reconstructing Field Topology: A Review 153 H. S. Fu, Z. Wang, Qiugang Zong, X. H. Chen, J. S. He, A. Vaivads, and V. Olshevsky
• Part III: The Roles of Solar Wind Sources on Wave Generations and Dynamic Processes in the Inner Magnetosphere
• 10. Theoretical Studies of Standing Toroidal Alfven Waves in Dipole?Like Magnetosphere 175 A. S. Leonovich and D. A. Kozlov
• 11. Ultra-Low-Frequency Wave-Particle Interactions in Earth's Outer Radiation Belt 189 R. Rankin, C. R. Wang, Y. F. Wang, Qiugang Zong, X. Z. Zhou, A. W. Degeling, D. Sydorenko, and G. Whittall-Scherfee
• 12. Recent Advances in Understanding Radiation Belt Electron Dynamics Due to Wave-Particle Interactions 207 W. Li, Q. Ma, J. Bortnik, and R. M. Thorne
• 13. Current Status of Inner Magnetosphere and Radiation Belt Modeling 231 Mei?Ching Fok
• Part IV: Cold Plasmas of Ionospheric Origin and Their Role in Coupling Different Regions in Geospace
• 14. Multi?Point Observations of the Geospace Plume 245 J. C. Foster, P. J. Erickson, B. M. Walsh, J. R. Wygant, A. J. Coster, and Qing?He Zhang
• 15. Interactions Between ULF Waves and Cold Plasmaspheric Particles 265 Qiugang Zong, Jie Ren, and X. Z. Zhou
• 16. Formation and Evolution of Polar Cap Ionospheric Patches and Their Associated Upflows and Scintillations: A Review 285 Qing?He Zhang, Zan?Yang Xing, Yong Wang, and Yu?Zhang Ma
• 17. Dayside Magnetosphere Interactions: Progress in Our Understanding and Outstanding Questions 303 Qiugang Zong, Philippe Escoubet, David Sibeck, Guan Le, and Hui Zhang
• Index 307.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Exploring the processes and phenomena of Earth's dayside magnetosphere Energy and momentum transfer, initially taking place at the dayside magnetopause, is responsible for a variety of phenomenon that we can measure on the ground. Data obtained from observations of Earth's dayside magnetosphere increases our knowledge of the processes by which solar wind mass, momentum, and energy enter the magnetosphere. Dayside Magnetosphere Interactions outlines the physics and processes of dayside magnetospheric phenomena, the role of solar wind in generating ultra-low frequency waves, and solar wind-magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling. Volume highlights include: Phenomena across different temporal and spatial scales Discussions on dayside aurora, plume dynamics, and related dayside reconnection Results from spacecraft observations, ground-based observations, and simulations Discoveries from the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission and Van Allen Probes era Exploration of foreshock, bow shock, magnetosheath, magnetopause, and cusps Examination of similar processes occurring around other planets The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)