• Why do we need solutions to global warming?-- Carbon sequestration-- Use of artificial trees-- Cloud albedo enhancement-- Stratospheric aerosol geoengineering-- Spaced-based solutions-- Carbon fluxes associated with geoengineering in the context of the global carbon cycle-- Governance aspects of geoengineering.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Geoengineering seeks to reduce global warming by direct intervention of the Earth's climate system - either by removing carbon dioxide or managing solar radiation. Considered by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change as "largely speculative and unproven", the majority of research to date has been conducted by computer modelling and laboratory testing. This volume examines the potential for geoengineering in detail, discussing the possible risks and side-effects of various approaches to this "third-way" to tackle climate change.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Marine Environment and Human Health: An Overview / J. Icarus Allen
• Waterborne Pathogens / Jill R. Stewart, Lora E. Fleming, Jay M. Fleisher, Amir M. Abdelzaher and M. Maille Lyons
• Estuarine and Marine Pollutants / James W. Readman, Eniko Kadar, John A.J. Readman and Carlos Guitart
• Harmful Algal Blooms / Keith Davidson, Paul Tett and Richard Gowen
• Scientific Challenges and Policy Needs / Michael N. Moore, Richard Owen and Michael H. Depledge.

There is growing concern about the state of the world's oceans. The rapid growth of human populations in coastal regions has led to increasing dependence on marine resources. Beneficial features related to food supply and life style need to be balanced against the hazards presented by microbial pathogens, chemical pollutants, and toxic algal blooms. In this book, a group of experts from a range of backgrounds review the key aspects of the marine environment in relation to human health. An initial overview explains the need for integrating a range of disciplines, from physical oceanography and marine biology to molecular biology and epidemiology. Only by this approach can we hope to predict the consequences of environmental change and exploitation of natural resources upon our coastal ecosystems and, ultimately, on society and human health. Subsequent chapters then focus on more specialized topics. Firstly, waterborne pathogens are reviewed in detail and the microbial measures and policy implications important for protecting humans from exposure are described. Next, the consumption of contaminated seafood is considered along with its implications regarding the growth of aquaculture. Priority pollutants, emerging contaminants, and plastics are investigated as are the effects of climate change on pollution. Some phytoplankton produce biotoxins which accumulate in the flesh of filter-feeders such as bivalve molluscs. This creates a health risk when the shellfish are consumed by humans. The penultimate chapter, therefore, concentrates on harmful algal blooms (HABs) and the methodologies used to safeguard human health. The book concludes by proposing a holistic systems approach, such as Integrated Coastal Zone Management, to address the interconnected scientific challenges of increased human population pressure, pollution, over-exploitation of food resources, and the urgent need for effective public health solutions to be developed from politically and environmentally meaningful policies.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction and Overview / Martin Goosey
• Materials Used in Manufacturing Electrical and Electronic Products / Gary C. Stevens and Martin Goosey
• Dumping, Burning and Landfill / Ian Holmes
• Recycling and Recovery / Darren Kell
• Integrated Approach to e-Waste Recycling / Rod Kellner
• European Recycling Platform (ERP): a Pan-European Solution to WEEE Compliance / Scott Butler
• Liquid Crystal Displays: from Devices to Recycling / Avtar S. Matharu and Yanbing Wu
• The Role of Collective versus Individual Producer Responsibility in e-Waste Management: Key Learnings from Around the World / Mark Dempsey and Kirstie McIntyre
• Rapid Assessment of Electronics Enclosure Plastics / Patrick J. Baird, Henryk Herman and Gary C. Stevens.

Electronic waste includes such items as TVs, computers, LCD and plasma displays, and mobile phones, as well as a wide range of household, medical and industrial equipment which are simply discarded as new technologies become available. Huge and growing quantities of waste are discarded every year and this waste contains toxic and carcinogenic compounds which can pose a risk to the environment. However, if handled correctly, electronic waste presents a valuable source of secondary raw materials. This book brings together a group of leading experts in the management of electrical and electronic waste to provide an up-to-date review of the scale of the waste problem, the impact of recent legislation such as the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE) and the "restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment" directive (RoHS), and of current and future methods for treatment, recycling and disposal of this waste. The book discusses these latest directives, examines current worldwide legislation and considers the opportunities and threats posed by this form of waste. While the emphasis is on European practice, comparisons with other countries such as the USA, Japan and China are made. The book deals with the full range of waste management issues, including recycling and recovery of materials, design considerations for waste minimisation, and contains a wide variety of illustrative case studies eg: LCD displays. With detailed and comprehensive coverage of the subject matter it also contains an extensive bibliography with each chapter. Key chapters cover areas such as: -electronic waste -materials -EU directives -landfill and incineration -recycling and recovery -'cradle to grave' design considerations -engineering thermoplastics It is essential reading for all involved with electrical and electronic waste management through its comprehensive review of recent EU legislation and the subsequent impact on manufacturers and users of electronic equipment.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Chapter 1: Environmental Forensics and the Importance of Source Identification--
• Chapter 2: Microbial Techniques for Environmental Forensics
• Chapter 3: Using Stable Isotopes to Determine Sources--
• Chapter 4: Diagnostic Compounds for Fingerprinting Petroleum in the Environment--
• Chapter 5: Perchlorate: Is Nature the Main Manufacturer--
• Chapter 6: Tracking Chlorinated Solvents in the Environment--
• Chapter 7: Groundwater Pollution: The Emerging Role of Environmental Forensics--.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

'Environmental forensics' is a combination of analytical and environmental chemistry, which is useful in the court room context. It therefore involves field analytical studies and both data interpretation and modelling connected with the attribution of pollution events to their causes. Recent decades have seen a burgeoning of legislation designed to protect the environment and, as the costs of environmental damage and clean-up are considerable, not only are there prosecutions by regulatory agencies, but the courts are also used as a means of adjudication of civil damage claims relating to environmental causes or environmental degradation. As a result is the increasing number of prosecutions of companies who have breached regulations for environmental protection and in civil claims relating to harm caused by excessive pollutant releases to the environment. Such cases can become extremely protracted as expert witnesses provide their sometimes conflicting interpretations of environmental measurement data and their meaning. It is in this context that environmental forensics is developing as a specialism, leading to greater formalisation of investigative methods which should lead to more definitive findings and less scope for experts to disagree. Now a significant subject in its own right, at least one journal devoted to the field and a number of degree courses have sprung up. As a result of the topicality and rapid growth of the subject area, is the publication of this book - the 26th volume in the highly acclaimed Issues in Environmental Science and Technology Series. This volume contains authoritative articles by a number of the leading practitioners across the globe in the environmental forensics field and aims to cover some of the main techniques and areas to which environmental forensics are being applied. The content is comprehensive and describes a number of the key areas within environmental forensics - topics covered by the authors include: - Source identification issues - Microbial techniques - Metal contamination and methods of assigning liability - The use of isotopes to determine sources and their applications - Molecular biological methods - Hydrocarbon fingerprinting techniques - Oil chemistry and key compound identification - The emerging role of environmental forensics in groundwater pollution Additionally, the volume considers specific pollutants and long-lived pollutants of groundwater such as halocarbons which have presented particular problems and which are described in some depth, as well as the way in which chemical degradation processes can lead to compositional changes which provide valuable information. The book provides a comprehensive overview of many of the key areas of environmental forensics written by some of the leading experts in the field. It will be both of specialist use to those seeking expert insights into the field and its capabilities as well as of more general interest to those involved in both environmental analytical science and environmental law.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Current and Future Applications of Nanotechnology:
• 1: Introduction--
• 2: Technology--
• 3: Types of Nanomaterials--
• 4: Bio Applications--
• 5: Nanocatalysts--
• 6: Nanotechnology Reports--
• 7: Future Opportunities--
• 8: Nanomaterials Companies--
• 9: Future-- References-- Nanoparticles in the Aquatic and Terrestrial Environments:
• 1: Introduction-- 2 Overview of Current Knowledge--
• 3: Fate and Behaviour in Natural Aquatic Systems--
• 4: Issues to be Addressed-- 5:Conclusions-- References-- Nanoparticles in the Atmosphere:
• 1: Introduction--
• 2: Sources of Atmospheric Particles--
• 3: Particle Size Distributions--
• 4: Measurement of Nanoparticles in Roadside Air--
• 5: Transformation and Transport of Ultrafine Particles--
• 6: Measurements of Particle Number Concentration in the Atmosphere--
• 7: Chemical Composition of Atmospheric Nanoparticles--
• 8: Indoor/Outdoor Relationships of Nanoparticles--
• 9: Conclusions-- References-- Occupational Exposure to Nanoparticles and Nanotubes:
• 1: Introduction--
• 2: Scientific Framework for Assessing Exposure to Nanoparticles--
• 3: Review of Methods for Assessing Exposure to Nanoparticles
• 4: Review of Reported Measurements of Exposure to Nanoparticles--
• 5: Discussion-- References-- Toxicological Properties of Nanoparticles and Nanotubes:
• 1: Introduction--
• 2: Environmental Air Pollution Particles--
• 3: Could Cardiovascular Effects of PM be due to CDNP? 4:Is the Environmental Nanoparticle Paradigm Applicable to Engineered NP?
• 5: Conclusion-- References-- Human Health Effects of Nanoparticle Exposure:
• 1: The Regulatory Issues-- 2:Current Issues and Knowledge Gaps--
• 3: Discussion: Risk Assessment of Engineered NPs-- References-- Nanoparticle Safety: a Perspective from the United States--
• 1: Introduction--
• 2: The US National Nanotechnology Initiative-- 3-- Federal Government Activities in Support of "Safe" Nanotechnology 4-- Industry and Other Non-government Activities in Support of "Safe" Nanotechnology--
• 5: Looking to the Future - Ensuring the Development of "Safe" Nanotechnology-- References-- Subject Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Nanotechnology is a much talked about, and rapidly expanding area of science, which is sometimes little understood. It looks set to make a significant impact on human life and, with numerous commercial developments emerging, will become a major industry over the coming years. Nanotechnology can be broadly described as developing or exploiting products at nanometre dimensions (i.e. as having one dimension less than 100 nanometres). Such materials have a larger surface area to volume ratio than conventional materials which provides them with an increased level of reactivity, and consequently, toxicity per unit mass. This book sets the subject into context by first of all describing the current range of products containing nano-materials and then looking at the consequences for the environment and human health relating to the introduction of nanoparticles and nano-tubes. Nanotechnology: Consequences for Human Health and the Environment discusses some of the more controversial issues associated with the field including: nanoparticles in the environment, occupational exposure, toxicological properties, human health issues and safety. This authoritative and comprehensive book will be of interest to both scientists and technologists but also to regulators and government. This title is also available in hardback.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Part One: General Overview of the Safety Evaluation of Chemicals--
• 1: Introduction--
• 2: Legislation and regulatory requirements--
• 3: The regulatory paradigm--
• 4: The interface between toxicology and risk assessment--
• 5: Interpreting toxicology--
• 6: Conclusions--
• 7: References-- Part Two: International Validation and Barriers to the Validation of Alternative Tests--
• 1: Introduction--
• 2: Background to the Validation Process--
• 3: The Validation Process--
• 4: Problems Being Encountered in Implementing the Validation Process--
• 5: The Need for an Invalidation Process--
• 6: Concluding Remarks--
• 7: References-- Part Three: In Vitro Testing for Endocrine Disruptors--
• 1: Introduction--
• 2: In Silico Approaches--
• 3: In Vitro Tests for EDs--
• 4: Discussion--
• 5: Conclusions--
• 6: Acknowledgement--
• 7: References-- Part Four: Intelligent Approaches to Safety Evaluation--
• 1: Introduction--
• 2: Hazardous properties assessment--
• 3: Risk Assessment--
• 4: Existing Studies and Literature Data--
• 5: Surrogate Data: Calculation, Read Across and SAR/QSAR--
• 6: Alternatives to Animal Toxicology Studies--
• 7: Data Waivers--
• 8: Expert reports and weight of evidence--
• 9: Preliminary risk assessments--
• 10: EU Registration, Evaluation and Registration scheme (REACH)--
• 11: Data for REACH--
• 12: Regulatory planning & liaison with the regulators--
• 13: Common themes--
• 14: Acknowledgements--
• 15: References-- Part Five: Alternative Tests and the 7th Amendment to the Cosmetics Directive--
• 1: Introduction--
• 2: Overview of current approaches to risk assessment for cosmetics--
• 3: 7th amendment to the EU Cosmetics Directive (76/768/EEC)--
• 4: Status of alternative tests--
• 5: Endpoints where risk assessment for cosmetics can be achieved without using animal data--
• 6: Endpoints where risk assessment for cosmetics cannot currently be achieved without using animal data--
• 7: New approaches to risk assessment without animals--
• 8: Acknowledgements--
• 9: References--.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Animal experimentation has long been a controversial issue with impassioned arguments on both sides of the debate. Increasingly it has become more expedient and feasible to develop new methods that avoid the use of animals. There is agreement on both sides that reduction and refinement of experiments on animals should be an important goal for the industries involved. Alternatives to Animal Testing, written by leading experts in the field, discusses the issues involved and approaches that can be taken. Topics include; the safety evaluation of chemicals, international validation and barriers to the validation of alternative tests, in vitro testing for endocrine disruptors, intelligent approaches to safety evaluation of chemicals, alternative tests and the regulatory framework. The book provides an up-to-date discussion of the current state of development of alternatives to animal testing and is ideal for professionals and academics in the field. It would also be of use for graduate students wishing to pursue a career in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• The current regulation of environmental chemicals / John Garrod
• Chemicals risk assessment and management / Elliot G. Finer
• Future perspectives in risk assessment of chemicals / Peter Floyd
• Assessing risks to human health / Paul T.C. Harrison and Philip Holmes
• Environmental risk assessment / Lorraine Maltby
• Risk assessment of metals in the environment / Peter G.C. Campbell, Peter M. Chapman and Beverley A. Hale
• Partitioning, persistence and long-range transport of chemicals in the environment / Donald Mackay, Eva Webster and Todd Gouin.

This product is not available separately, it is only sold as part of a set. There are 750 products in the set and these are all sold as one entity. Rising concern in recent years over the possible adverse environmental consequences of the use of chemicals has led to a steady increase in national activity towards greater regulation, as well as voluntary agreements with manufacturers for risk management of certain products. This book begins by reviewing the current framework of legislation for the regulation of chemicals in the UK and then reports expert views on both the current situation and possible future developments. Subsequent chapters consider some of the scientific and technical issues, including the evaluation of the risks which chemicals can pose to human life and the environment, and the problems relating to evaluating the risks associated with metals in the environment. Finally, the predictive methods used to model the behaviour of organic chemicals within the environment are described. Highly topical, and with authoritative contributions from international experts, this book covers both the scientific underpinning and the legislative and practical issues of this emotive subject. The detailed coverage of a topic that affects many sectors of industry and society will make it popular with a wide audience of individuals from government organisations, industry or academic research, particularly those in environmental chemistry sectors.

• The Future of Today's Energy Sources-- Sustainable Energy: Choices, Problems and Opportunities-- Renewable Energy: Technology Considerations and Electricity Integration-- Landfill Gas and Related Energy Sources: Anaerobic Digesters, Biomass Energy Systems-- Emissions Trading Schemes: Are They a 'Licence to Pollute'?-- UK Government Policy on Renewable Energy-- Renewables, Sustainability and Precaution: Beyond Environmental Cost-Benefit and Risk Analysis-- Subject Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The world's dependence on fossil fuels is widely acknowledged to be a major cause of rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Thus there is an urgent need to develop energy sources with lower environmental impact, with attention focusing on renewable energy sources. Concise, authoritative, up-to-date and readable, this book reviews various energy technologies, as well as taking a critical look at the political, social and economic aspects. Throughout, the emphasis is on renewable energy sources (wind, wave, solar, biomass, etc), but a discussion of fossil fuels and nuclear power is also presented. This timely book, written by recognised experts, will be welcomed by those in the energy industries as well as by policy-makers, consultants and engineers. Students and lecturers will also find the material invaluable.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• The Extent of Contaminated Land Problems and the Scientific Response-- The New UK Contaminated Land Regime-- Identifying and Dealing with Contaminated Land-- Contaminated Land and the Link with Health-- Human Health Risk Assessment: Guideline Values and Magic Numbers-- Ecological Risk Assessment under the New Contaminated Land Regime-- Remediation Methods for Contaminated Sites-- Legal Liabilities and Insurance Aspects of Contaminated Land-- Subject Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Contaminated land and the methods and legal controls governing its reclamation for subsequent development and use are of great current interest and concern. This volume covers aspects of this subject, ranging from the origins and extent of contaminated land problems, including effects on human health, through investigative measures, to specific techniques of remediation. It is written in the context of the new UK contaminated land regime and includes human and ecological risk assessment methodology, and the legal liabilities and insurance aspects of contaminated land. This authoritative review will be welcomed by those involved in the areas of land use planning and development, consultants and engineers in contaminated site investigation and remediation, and environmental regulators. Students of land management and environmental science will also find it essential reading.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Assessing the safety of GM food crops / Andrew Chesson
• Safety and quality research priorities in the food industry / Geoff Andrews, Alastair Penman, Chris Hart
• Biosolid recycling and food safety issues / Jim Wright
• Mad cows, demented humans and food / David M. Taylor
• Natural and synthetic chemicals in the diet: a critical analysis of possible cancer hazards / Lois Swirksy Gold, Thomas H. Slone, Bruce N. Ames
• MAFF food LINK research programmes / Christina Goodacre
• Sensory assessment of food qualities / Peter J. Lillford.

The quality and safety of the food we eat attracts a great deal of publicity and is high on the list of public concerns. This highly emotive issue is discussed in this timely book, which brings together a group of experts to present up-to-date and balanced overviews on a wide range of topics including GM crops; hazardous microorganisms such as E. coli; the BSE/CJD problem; and cancer-causing chemicals, both natural and synthetic. Thought-provoking and of interest to a wide readership, this authoritative review will be welcomed by food scientists, legislators, government officials and advisors. Students of food science or environmental science will also find it essential reading.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Overview of the Endocrine Disrupters Issue-- Environmentally Induced Endocrine Abnormalities in Fish-- Effects of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Invertebrates-- Endocrine Disruption in Mammals, Birds, Reptiles and Amphibians-- Oestrogens, Environmental Oestrogens and Male Reproduction-- Human Health Effects of Phytoestrogens-- Endocrine Disrupter Research and Regulation in the United States-- Subject Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Long-term environmental effects of chemical exposure have long been of concern and, more recently, chemicals which cause changes to the sexual development of exposed organisms have been identified. It is thought that low-level exposure to a wide range of chemicals may be affecting endocrine function, leading to a reduction in fertility and an increase in reproductive cancers. Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals reviews the scientific evidence and attempts to put the subject into context. Along with an overview of the issue, there is discussion of the specialised aspects in relation to wildlife; environmental oestrogens and male reproduction; and naturally occurring oestrogenic substances. With contributions from representatives of the Medical Research Council's Institute for Environment and Health and the US Environmental Protection Agency, the articles provide a comprehensive and detailed review of current issues. This book will be of interest to a wide readership, including industrial and environmental scientists, managers and policy makers.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Fertilizers and Nitrate Leaching-- Eutrophication of Natural Waters and Toxic Algal Blooms-- Impact of Agricultural Pesticides on Water Quality-- Agricultural Nitrogen and Emissions to the Atmosphere-- Drugs and Dietary Additives, Their Use in Animal Production and Potential Environmental Consequences-- Detection, Analysis and Risk Assessment of Cyanobacterial Toxins-- Subject Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Enormous increases in agricultural productivity can properly be associated with the use of chemicals. This statement applies equally to crop production through the use of fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides, as to livestock production and the associated use of drugs, steroids and other growth accelerators. There is, however a dark side to this picture and it is important to balance the benefits which flow from the use of agricultural chemicals against their environmental impacts which sometimes are seriously disadvantageous. Agricultural Chemicals and the Environment explores a variety of issues which currently are subject to wide-ranging debate and are of concern not only to the scientific establishment and to students, but also to farmers, landowners, managers, legislators, and to the general public.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)