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• Preface. Part One: Evolution and Development, Phyla and Fossils.
• 1. Evolution and Development: Terms and Concepts.
• 2. Types of Animals: Kingdoms, Phyla, Relationships.
• 3. Fossils of the Burgess Shale. Part Two: Form and Function, Embryos and Evolution, Inheritance Systems.
• 4. Types and the Geoffroy-Cuvier Debates: a Crossroads in Evolutionary Morphology.
• 5. Embryological Archetypes and Homology: Establishing Evolutionary Embryology.
• 6. Bauplane, Constraints and Basic Phases of Development.
• 7. Inheritance Systems: Zygotic, Maternal, Epigenetic. Part Three: Embryos in Development.
• 8. Model Organisms, Conserved Stages and Processes.
• 9. Where Generations Converge: Germ Lines and Body Plans.
• 10. Building Vertebrate Embryos: Heads and Tails.
• 11. Building Organ Systems.
• 12. Integrating Organ Systems, Developmental Canalization and Asymmetry. Part Four: Embryos in Evolution.
• 13. Innovation, Novelty and the Origin of Multicellularity.
• 14. Complexity and the Origin of the Metazoa.
• 15. Chordate and Vertebrate Origins and Diversification.
• 16. Transitions in Animal Evolution.
• 17. Integrated Change in Vertebrate Evolution. Part Five: Embryos, Environment and Evolution.
• 18. Evolution as the Control of Development by Ecology.
• 19. Evolution, Genetic Variability and the Environment.
• 20. A Quantitative Genetics Model for Morphological Change in Development and Evolution. Part Six: DevelopmentEvolves.
• 21. Development Evolves: The Dilemma for Homology.
• 22. Ontogeny Evolves: the Dilemma for Larvae. Part Seven: Patterns and Processes, Time and Place.
• 24. Time and Place in Evolution: Heterochrony and Heterotopy. Part Eight: Principles and Processes.
• 25. Evolutionary Developmental Biology: Principles and Processes. Abbreviations. References. Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Although evolutionary developmental biology is a new field, its origins lie in the last century; the search for connections between embryonic development (ontogeny) and evolutionary change (phylogeny) has been a long one. Evolutionary developmental biology is however more than just a fusion of the fields of developmental and evolutionary biology. It forges a unification of genomic, developmental, organismal, population and natural selection approaches to evolutionary change. It is concerned with how developmental processes evolve; how evolution produces novel structures, functions and behaviours; and how development, evolution and ecology are integrated to bring about and stabilize evolutionary change. The previous edition of this title, published in 1992, defined the terms and laid out the field for evolutionary developmental biology. This field is now one of the most active and fast growing within biology and this is reflected in this second edition, which is more than twice the length of the original and brought completely up to date. There are new chapters on major transitions in animal evolution, expanded coverage of comparative embryonic development and the inclusion of recent advances in genetics and molecular biology. The book is divided into eight parts which: * place evolutionary developmental biology in the historical context of the search for relationships between development and evolution; * detail the historical background leading to evolutionary embryology; * explore embryos in development and embryos in evolution; * discuss the relationship between embryos, evolution, environment and ecology; * discuss the dilemma for homology of the fact that development evolves; * deal with the importance of understanding how embryos measure time and place both through development and evolutionarily through heterochrony and heterotrophy; and set out the principles and processes that underlie evolutionary developmental biology. With over one hundred illustrations and photographs, extensive cross-referencing between chapters and boxes for ancillary material, this latest edition will be of immense interest to graduate and advanced undergraduate students in cell, developmental and molecular biology, and in zoology, evolution, ecology and entomology; in fact anyone with an interest in this new and increasingly important and interdisciplinary field which unifies biology.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface
• Discovery and Origins: Discovery; Embryological Origins; Evolutionary Origins; Agnathans
• Derivatives and Diversity: Amphibians; Bony and Cartilaginous Fishes; Reptiles and Birds; Mammals
• Mechanisms and Malformations: Mechanisms of Migration; Mechanisms of Differentiation; Neurocristopathies; Birth Defects
• References
• Index.

This book is about the neural crest and neural crest cells, dealing with their discovery, their embryological and evolutionary origins, their cellular derivatives - in both agnathan and jawed vertebrates or gnathostomes - and the broad topics of migration and differentiation in normal development. Knowledge of the development and evolution of the neural crest sheds light on many of the oldest unanswered questions in developmental biology, such as: What is the role of the germ layers in early embryogenesis? How does the nervous systems develop? How does the vertebrate head arise developmentally and how did it arise evolutionary? How do growth factors and Hox genes direct cell differentiation and embryonic patterning? Cells from the neural crest are also associated with many developmental abnormalities. The book includes discussions of what goes wrong when development is misdirected by mutations, or by exposure of embryos to exogenous agents such as drugs, alcohol, or excess vitamin A. The book also includes discussions of tumors (neurocristopathies) and syndromes and birth defects involving neural crest cells.

• 1. Development and Division of the Somite.- 1
• .1. Migration of Pre-somitic Mesoderm.- 1
• .2. Segmentation of the Mesoderm into Somites.- 1
• .3. Subdivision of the Somites.- 1.3
• .1. Sclerotome, Dermatome, Myotome.- 1.3
• .2. Resegmentation of the Sclerotome.- 1
• .4. Spinal Ganglia.-
• 2. Self Differentiation or Induction.- 2
• .1. 1925
• -1940: Grafts to the Avian Chorioallantoic Membrane.- 2
• .2. 1940's-1950's: In vivo Transplantation and Extirpation.- 2.2
• .1. Amphibia.- 2.2
• .2. Pisces.- 2.2
• .3. Aves.- 2
• .3. 1950's Onwards": In vitro Chondrogenesis.-
• 3. The Inductive Tissues.- 3
• .1. Integrity of the Inducer and Vertebral Morphogenesis.- 3
• .2. When Do the Inducers Lose Their Inductive Ability?.- 3
• .3. Ability of Dermomyotome to Chondrify.- 3
• .4. The Search for a Pure Inducer.-
• 4. Ectopic Inducers.- 4
• .1. Can Ectoderm Act Inductively on Somites?.- 4
• .2. Other Ectopic (heterologous) Inducers.-
• 5. Synthesis of Glycosaminoglycans and Onset of Cartilage Differentiation.-
• 6. Production of Extracellular Matrix by Notochord and by Spinal Cord.- 6
• .1. Glycosaminoglycans.- 6
• .2. Collagen.-
• 7. Function of Extracellular Matrix Produced by Notochord and Spinal Cord.-
• 8. Discussion and Conclusions.-
• 9. Summary.- References.- Author Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

References ...42 Subject Index ...48 Author Index...50 ...6 Introduction Chondrification of the somitic mesoderm producing the primordia of the vertebrae has been a favourite topic of investigation by those interested in understanding the me- chanisms underlying development and differentiation. Study of this tissue involves the investigation of cell proliferation, migration and cytodifferentiation, synthesis of extra cellular matricial products, inductive tissue interactions, and tissue morphogenesi- some of the major unsolved problems of modern developmental biology. The topic is a large one and various aspects have been reviewed in the past, notably by Holtzer (1959; 1961), Lash (1963a), Strudel (1967), Lash (1968a, c), Holtzer (1968), Holtzer and Abbott (1968), Holtzer and Mayne (1973) and Levitt and Dorfman (1974). Feel- ing that the time was appropriate for a overview of the whole field of somitic chondro- genesis, I have prepared the present monograph. It covers the development of experi- mental studies from the initial grafting of somites to avian chorio-allantoic membranes in the 1920's, through the extirpation experiments of the 1940's, the culturing of the 1950's and the search for pure inducers, to the refocussing of attention on the environ- ment and matrix procucts which is dominating the studies of the 1970's. Many of the studies have utilized the embryonic chick as the experimental animal.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)