• Preface
• Introduction
• History
• Sources of international law
• International law and municipal law
• Creation and recognition of states
• Legal personality of non-state entities
• Territory
• Law of the sea
• Air space and outer space
• State jurisdiction
• Immunities
• Law of treaties
• State responsibility
• State succession
• Protected persons and entities : nationality and individual rights
• Protected persons and entities : human rights, group rights and self-determination
• Protection of the environment
• International economic relations
• International criminal justice
• Use of force
• Laws applicable to war and armed conflict
• United Nations and peace and security
• Settlement of disputes.

Akehurst's Modern Introduction to International Law continues to offer a concise and accessible overview of the concepts, themes and issues central to international law. This fully updated eighth edition encompasses the plethora of recent developments and updates in the field, and includes new dedicated chapters on international human rights, self-determination and international economic relations, an extended history and theory section reflecting the evolution of new and critical approaches in the field and a greater focus on terrorism and international criminal law. New and updated chapters include: Creation and recognition of States Territory Law of the sea Immunities State succession Nationality and individual rights Protection of the environment Settlement of disputes Use of force and armed conflict With a distinctive cross-jurisdictional approach which opens up the discipline to students from all backgrounds, this book will arm the reader with all the tools, methods and concepts they need to fully understand this complex and diverse subject. As such, this is an essential text for students of international law, government and politics, international relations, and a multitude of related subject areas. This textbook is supported by a companion website: www.routledge.com/cw/orakhelashvili.
(source: Nielsen Book Data) 9780415243551 20190304

• The Aland islands and the Aland strait region
• Historical background
• Development of the norms concerning through international straits
• Navigational rights
• The legal regime of the Aland strait
• Some observations on the times of war
• Concluding remarks.

• Introduction
• Analogy in international legal reasoning
• The foundations of the analogy between states and international organizations
• Structural differences between states and international organizations
• International organizations as "special subjects"
• International organizations as "layered subjects"
• Analogy in the relations between organizations and members
• Normative contestation of the analogy
• Conclusion.

The book investigates how an analogy between States and international organizations has influenced and supported the development of the law that applies to intergovernmental institutions on the international plane. That is best illustrated by the work of the International Law Commission on the treaties and responsibility of international organizations, where the Commission for the most part extended to organizations rules that had been originally devised for States. Revisiting those codification projects while also looking into other areas, the book reflects on how techniques of legal reasoning can be - and have been - used by international institutions and the legal profession to tackle situations of uncertainty, and discusses the elusive position that international organizations occupy in the international legal system. By cutting across some foundational topics of the discipline, the book makes a substantive contribution to the literature on subjects and sources of international law.
(source: Nielsen Book Data) 9781107155558 20190304

• Preface
• 1. Canons of interpretation under the Vienna Convention / Alain Pellet
• 2. The utility and limits of canons and other interpretive principles in public international law / Sean D. Murphy
• 3. The origins of interpretive canons in domestic legal systems / Michael Waibel
• 4. Effet utile / Céline Braumann & August Reinisch
• 5. Expressio unius est exclusio alterius / Joseph Klingler
• 6. Ex abundante cautela / Alison Macdonald QC
• 7. Ejusdem generis and noscitur a sociis / Freya Baetens
• 8. Lex specialis derogat legi generali/generalia specialibus non derogant / Dirk Pulkowski
• 9. Per argumentum a fortiori / Alina Miron
• 10. In pari materia interpretation in treaty law / Paula F. Henin
• 11. Contra proferentem / Pierre d'Argent
• 12. In dubio mitius / Panos Merkouris
• 13. Compliance with domestic law: an implied condition in treaties conferring rights and protections on foreign nationals and their property? / Rumiana Yotova
• 14. The rule of necessary implication / Andrew D. Mitchell & Tania Voon
• 15. Exceptions to a rule must be narrowly construed / Alexia Solomou
• 16. The principles of contemporaneous and evolutionary interpretation / Peter Tzeng.

This handbook analyses certain particularly recognizable canons and principles of interpretation that are not expressly codified in the Vienna Convention, but that are arguably still authorized ‘between the lines’. This volume represents the first modern, freestanding analysis of such canons and principles, their utility in public international law, their role in treaty interpretation and their relationship with the Vienna Convention regime.

• Introduction
• General introduction on the Decmocratic Republic of Congo
• Child soldiering global perspectives and in the Democratic Republic of Congo
• Reintegrating and healing child soldiers
• Child protection and accountability
• Restorative justice in theory
• An integrative approach to child soldiering accountability
• Transitional justice from an African perspective
• Research design and methodology
• Diagnosing the problem : perspectives from the field
• Accountability and reintegration of child soldiers via Baraza
• Restorative justice peacemaking circles and child soldiering
• Preventing child soldiering
• Conclusion and recommendation.

This book investigates how, while children used as soldiers are primarily perceived as victims of offences against international law, they also commit war atrocities. In the aftermath of armed conflict, the mainstream justice system targets warlords internationally, armed groups and militias' commanders who abduct and enrol children as combatants, leaving child perpetrators not being held accountable for their alleged gross human rights violations. Attempts to prosecute child soldiers through the mainstream justice system have resulted in child rights abuses. Where no accountability measures have been taken, demobilised young soldiers have experienced rejection, and eventually, some have returned to soldiering. This research provides evidence of the potential of restorative justice peacemaking circles and locally-based jurisprudence - specifically the Baraza - to hold former child soldiers accountable and facilitate their reintegration into society.
(source: Nielsen Book Data) 9783319900704 20181119

• Foreword / Charles Pede
• Preface / David Wallace
• Introduction
• Fragmented wars : multi-territorial military operations against armed groups / Noam Lubell
• Accounting for complexity of the law applicable to modern armed conflicts / Marko Milanovic
• The use of force in armed conflicts : conduct of hostilities, law enforcement, and self-defense / Gloria Gaggoli
• Personal self-defense and the standing rules of engagement / Christopher M. Ford
• Conflict management and the political economy of recognition / Christopher Borgen
• Hybrid warfare, law and the Fulda gap / Aurel Sari
• Hybrid conflict and prisoners of war : the case of Ukraine / Jeffrey Kahn
• Legitimacy : the linchpin of military success in complex battlespaces / Thomas E. Ayres and Jeffrey S. Thurnher
• The principle of proportionality in an era of high technology / Jack Beard
• Lethal autonomous weapons systems : is it the end of the world as we know it...or will we be just fine? / Michael W. Meier
• New technologies and the interplay between certainty and reasonableness / Laurie Blank
• Cyber national security : navigating gray-zone challenges in and through cyberspace / Gary P. Corn
• Be careful what you ask for : the unintended consequences of new restrictions on fires in urban areas / Geoffrey S. Corn
• The law and policy of human shielding / Beth Van Schaack.

The conduct of warfare is constantly shaped by new forces that create complexities in the battlespace for military operations. As the nature of how and where wars are fought changes, new challenges to the application of the extant body of international law that regulates armed conflicts arise. This inaugural volume of the Lieber Studies Series seeks to address several issues in the confluence of law and armed conflict, with the primary goal of providing the reader with both academic and practitioner perspectives. Featuring chapters from world class scholars, policymakers and other government officials; military and civilian legal practitioners; and other thought leaders, together they examine the role of the law of armed conflict in current and future armed conflicts around the world. Complex Battlespaces also explores several examples of battlespace dynamics through four "lenses of complexity": complexity in legal regimes, governance, technology, and the urbanization of the battlefield.
(source: Nielsen Book Data) 9780190915360 20190204

• Corruption, entry sanctions and international law
• Development of the policy
• Entry sanctions as an anti-corruption policy
• Legal protections against denial of entry
• Legal protections from the accusations of corruption
• Due process
• International responsibility
• Conclusion.

In Corruption and Targeted Sanctions, Anton Moiseienko analyses the blacklisting of foreigners suspected of corruption and the prohibition of their entry into the sanctioning state from an international law perspective. The implications of such actions have gained prominence with the increased adoption of the so-called Magnitsky legislation internationally.
(source: Nielsen Book Data) 9789004369023 20190423

• Preface
• Introduction
• International crimes
• Individual and collective responsibility
• The global institutional architecture
• International criminal justice procedures
• Remedying wrong
• Beyond the status quo : re-thinking international criminal law.

International criminal law has witnessed a rapid rise after the end of the Cold War. The United Nations refers to the birth of a new 'age of accountability', but certain historical objections, such as selectivity or victor's justice, have never fully gone away, and many of the justice dimensions of international criminal law remain unexplored. Various critiques have emerged in socio-legal scholarship or globalization discourse, revealing that there is a stark discrepancy between reality and expectation. Linking discussion of legal theories, case-law and practice to scholarship and opinion, A Critical Introduction to International Criminal Law explores these critiques through five main themes at the heart of contemporary dilemmas: * The shifting contours of criminality and international crimes * The tension between individual and collective responsibility * The challenges of domestic, international, hybrid and regional justice institutions * The foundations of justice procedures * Approaches towards punishment and reparation Suitable for students, academics and professionals from multiple fields wishing to understand contemporary theories, practices and critiques of international criminal law. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
(source: Nielsen Book Data) 9781108423205 20190325

• Introduction
• Information ethics
• Technology, violence and law
• Cyber attacks and international law on the use of force and non-intervention
• The 2007 cyber attacks against Estonia
• Stuxnet
• Russian interference in the 2016 US presidential election
• Information ethics and international law on the use of force
• Conclusion.

Examining the thematic intersection of law, technology and violence, this book explores cyber attacks against states and current international law on the use of force. The theory of information ethics is used to critique the law's conception of violence and to develop an informational approach as an alternative way to think about cyber attacks. Cyber attacks against states constitute a new form of violence in the information age, and international law on the use of force is limited in its capacity to regulate them. This book draws on Luciano Floridi's theory of information ethics to critique the narrow conception of violence embodied in the law and to develop an alternative way to think about cyber attacks, violence, and the state. The author uses three case studies - the 2007 cyber attacks against Estonia, the Stuxnet incident involving Iran that was discovered in 2010, and the cyber attacks used as part of the Russian interference in the 2016 US presidential election - to demonstrate that an informational approach offers a means to reimagine the state as an entity and cyber attacks as a form of violence against it. This interdisciplinary approach will appeal to an international audience of scholars in international law, international relations, security studies, cyber security, and anyone interested in the issues surrounding emerging technologies.
(source: Nielsen Book Data) 9781138482708 20190318

• Introduction
• Defining cyber espionage
• Cyber espionage and international peace and security
• Cyber espionage and the rules of territorial sovereignty, non-intervention and the non-use of force
• Cyber espionage and diplomatic and consular law
• Cyber espionage and international human rights law
• Economic cyber espionage and the World Trade Organization
• Cyber espionage and the existence of customary international law exceptions
• Cyber espionage and the doctrines of self-defence and necessity
• Conclusion.

The advent of cyberspace has led to a dramatic increase in state-sponsored political and economic espionage. This monograph argues that these practices represent a threat to the maintenance of international peace and security and assesses the extent to which international law regulates this conduct. The traditional view among international legal scholars is that, in the absence of direct and specific international law on the topic of espionage, cyber espionage constitutes an extra-legal activity that is unconstrained by international law. This monograph challenges that assumption and reveals that there are general principles of international law as well as specialised international legal regimes that indirectly regulate cyber espionage. In terms of general principles of international law, this monograph explores how the rules of territorial sovereignty, non-intervention and the non-use of force apply to cyber espionage. In relation to specialised regimes, this monograph investigates the role of diplomatic and consular law, international human rights law and the law of the World Trade Organization in addressing cyber espionage. This monograph also examines whether developments in customary international law have carved out espionage exceptions to those international legal rules that otherwise prohibit cyber espionage as well as considering whether the doctrines of self-defence and necessity can be invoked to justify cyber espionage. Notwithstanding the applicability of international law, this monograph concludes that policymakers should nevertheless devise an international law of espionage which, as lex specialis, contains rules that are specifically designed to confront the growing threat posed by cyber espionage.
(source: Nielsen Book Data) 9781782257349 20190415

• Executive summary
• Methodology
• US arms transfers and military cooperation with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates
• Case studies
• Applicable international, US, and European legal standards
• Recommendations.

• Volume 1. The politics of international humanitarian law, 1933-1948
• volume 2. The ideology of a humanitarian treaty, 1949-1988.

This document collection highlights the legal challenges, historical preconceptions, and political undercurrents that had informed the UN Genocide Convention, its form, contents, interpretation, and application. Featuring 436 documents from thirteen repositories in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Russia, the collection is an essential resource for students and scholars working in the field of comparative genocide studies. The selected records span the Cold War period and reflect on specific issues relevant to the Genocide Convention, as established at the time by the parties concerned. The types of documents reproduced in the collection include interoffice correspondence, memorandums, whitepapers, guidelines for national delegations, commissioned reports, draft letters, telegrams, meeting minutes, official and unofficial inquiries, formal statements, and newspaper and journal articles. On a classification curve, the featured records range from unrestricted to top secret. Taken in the aggregate, the documents reproduced in this collection suggest primacy of politics over humanitarian and/or legal considerations in the UN Genocide Convention.
(source: Nielsen Book Data) 9781474279796 20190311

• Introduction
• Large-n study of commitment with the guiding principles
• The road to rhetorical commitment : Law 387
• From rhetoric to action : constitutional court sentence T-025
• Victims and Land Restitution Law of 2011 (Law 1448)
• Conclusion.

Twenty years after the introduction of the UN Guiding Principles for the Protection of Internally Displaced Persons, very little is known about their effectiveness in altering state behavior towards their displaced populations. In this book Gabriel Cardona-Fox takes a systematic and global first look at patterns of commitment and compliance with the IDP regime. Through the innovative use of statistical analysis on all documented cases of displacement and an in-depth case study of Colombia's evolving response towards internal displacement, this book identifies the domestic and international forces that drive some states to institute and comply with these guidelines. Exile Within Borders fills an important gap in the literature and moves the debate over the regime's effectiveness beyond anecdotal evidence.
(source: Nielsen Book Data) 9789004375550 20190423

• Introduction
• The principle of distinction
• Women in conflict in Africa
• Gender and international humanitarian law
• The divide between international and non-international armed conflicts : a precursory step to the application of the principle of distinction
• Applying the principle of distinction to women in African war
• Does the principle of distinction serve women in modern conflict?
• Conclusions.

This book conducts a gendered critique of the `principle of distinction' in international humanitarian law (IHL), with a focus on recent conflicts in Africa. The `principle of distinction' is core to IHL, and regulates who can and cannot be targeted in armed conflict. It states that civilians may not be targeted in attack, while combatants and those civilians directly participating in hostilities can be. The law defines what it means to be a combatant and a civilian, and sets out what behaviour constitutes direct participation. Close examination of the origins of the principle reveals that IHL was based on a gendered view of conflict, which envisages men as fighters and women as victims of war. Problematically, this view often does not accord with the reality in `new wars' today in which women are playing increasingly active roles, often forming the backbone of fighting groups, and performing functions on which armed groups are highly reliant. Using women's participation in `new wars' in Africa as a study, this volume critically examines the principle through a gendered lens, questioning the extent to which the principle serves to protect women in modern conflicts and how it fails them. By doing so, it questions whether the principle of distinction is suitable to effectively regulate the conduct of hostilities in new wars. This book will be of much interest to students of international law, gender studies, African politics, war and conflict studies, and international relations.
(source: Nielsen Book Data) 9781138307704 20181210

• Un projet de justice internationale
• Les prémices du premier procès
• Taba : une histoire à saisir
• Terrains d'enquête croisés
• Un bourgmestre devant le tribunal d'Arusha
• Les enjeux de l'extradition
• Préparer sa défense
• Akayesu, le parcours d'un notable local
• Cadrer l'enquête, cadrer le procès : l'histoire d'une trahison
• Une justice internationale face à la violence locale
• Trois juges internationaux
• L'ex-bourgmestre face à ses anciens administrés
• Le prisme de la justice internationale
• Cinq pionnières de la reconnaissance des violences sexuelles
• Juger au nom de la communauté internationale
• Un double tableau
• Expertises
• Des mots pour soigner les blessures
• Des images pour montrer le génocide
• Un récit judiciaire à construire
• Avri11994 : l'Organisation des Nations unies dos aux massacres
• "Aéroport de Kigali : les étrangers fuient l'épouvante"
• Les Accords de paix d'Arusha en suspens
• Des casques bleus prisonniers de leur mandat?
• Nommer le génocide au coeur de l'événement
• Un faisceau de témoignages pour qualifier le génocide
• Mai 1994 : Les Nations unies face au génocide
• La première enquête de l'ONU
• Penser le cadre juridique
• Une justice transitionnelle
• L'épineuse question des arrestations
• L'urgence de juger
• Radioscopie d'un Tribunal en débat
• Qui jugera qui?
• Un tribunal entre utopie et diplomatie
• Les enjeux d'une qualification
• Le temps de la justice
• Reconstituer les faits
• La justice d'Arusha : un récit inachevé
• L'archive dans l'archive
• Compter et nommer les victimes
• Échelles de pouvoir et de décision
• Dénoncer sur les ondes
• Témoigner
• Généalogies du témoignage
• Le basculement
• Temporalités des récits
• Lieux du génocide
• Justice et micro-histoire
• Conclusion : Interpréter le passé, juger dans le présent.

"Au lendemain du génocide commis contre les Tutsi au Rwanda entre avril et juillet 1994, l'ONU crée un tribunal pénal international pour le Rwanda (TPIR). Quatre ans plus tard, le 2 septembre 1998, le premier procès devant le TPIR aboutit à la condamnation pour génocide de l'ancien bourgmestre de la commune de Taba, Jean-Paul Akayesu. Ce procès est resté dans les mémoires par les précédents juridiques qu'il a créés en matière de justice internationale. En effet, cinquante ans après l'adoption de la Convention sur le génocide de 1948, c'est la première fois qu'une cour condamne un accusé pour ce type de crime, et c'est la première fois également que le viol est reconnu comme acte constitutif de génocide. À partir d'une recherche conduite dans les archives des procès, à Arusha et au Rwanda, Ornella Rovetta retrace l'histoire de ce premier procès et les étapes de la mise en place d'une justice pénale internationale au milieu des années 1990. Entre micro-histoire et récit judiciaire, l'ouvrage explore la capacité d'un tribunal à dire et écrire l'histoire."--Page 4 of cover.

• Introduction
• 1. How the 19th Century Shaped the Hague Conferences
• 2. The Tsar, the Rescript and the World
• 3. A Coram Publies: Planning for the First Hague Conference,
• 1899
• 4. It is Not Enough! The First Hague Conference,
• 1899
• 5. Civilisation at War,
• 1899 -
• 1906
• 6. A Holy Duty: Activists for The Hague
• 7. When the World Showed Up: Global Diplomacy at the Second Hague Conference,
• 1907
• 8. The Hague: Capital of the World
• 9. The Work of Civilisation: The Third Hague Conference and the First World War Conclusion Notes Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Beginning with the extraordinary rescript by Tsar Nicholas II in August 1898 calling the world's governments to a disarmament conference, this book charts the history of the two Hague peace conferences of 1899 and 1907 - and the third conference of 1915 that was never held - using diplomatic correspondence, newspaper reports, contemporary publications and the papers of internationalist organizations and peace activists. Focusing on the international media frenzy that developed around them, Maartje Abbenhuis provides a new angle on the conferences. Highlighting the conventions that they brought about, she demonstrates how The Hague set the tone for international politics in the years leading up to the First World War, permeating media reports and shaping the views and activities of key organizations such as the inter-parliamentary union, the international council of women and the Institut de droit international (Institute of International Law). Based on extensive archival research in the Netherlands, Great Britain, Switzerland and the United States alongside contemporary publications in a range of languages, this book considers the history of the Hague conferences in a new way, and presents a powerful case for the importance of The Hague conferences in shaping twentieth century international politics.
(source: Nielsen Book Data) 9781350061347 20181217

• Introduction: For the peace of the world
• How the nineteenth century shaped The Hague conferences
• The tsar, the rescript and the world
• A coram publies : planning the first Hague conference, 1899
• It is not enough! : the first Hague conference, 1899
• Civilization at war, 1899-1906
• A holy duty : activists for The Hague
• When the world showed up : the second Hague conference, 1907
• City of peace : The Hague, 1907-15.

Beginning with the extraordinary rescript by Tsar Nicholas II in August 1898 calling the world's governments to a disarmament conference, this book charts the history of the two Hague peace conferences of 1899 and 1907 - and the third conference of 1915 that was never held - using diplomatic correspondence, newspaper reports, contemporary publications and the papers of internationalist organizations and peace activists. Focusing on the international media frenzy that developed around them, Maartje Abbenhuis provides a new angle on the conferences. Highlighting the conventions that they brought about, she demonstrates how The Hague set the tone for international politics in the years leading up to the First World War, permeating media reports and shaping the views and activities of key organizations such as the inter-parliamentary union, the international council of women and the Institut de droit international (Institute of International Law). Based on extensive archival research in the Netherlands, Great Britain, Switzerland and the United States alongside contemporary publications in a range of languages, this book considers the history of the Hague conferences in a new way, and presents a powerful case for the importance of The Hague conferences in shaping twentieth century international politics.
(source: Nielsen Book Data) 9781350061347 20181217

"The Institute of International Law (known by its French name, Institut de Droit international, and hereinafter referred to as the 'Institute' or 'IDI') is the oldest institution in its field and it was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1904. The Institute adopted a resolution on state succession and state responsibility (hereinafter, the 'resolution') at its 77th session held in Tallinn, Estonia, in August 2015. The Institute decided to work on this subject at its Bruges session of 2003 and appointed a Rapporteur, Marcelo G. Kohen, after its session held in Santiago (Chile) in 2007. The resolution is the result of nearly eight years of work. The purpose of this book is to provide an article by article commentary to the resolution and explain in detail the content and the scope of application of each provision."-- Provided by publisher.

• Introduction
• Transitional justice as a means of deliberating the past
• The narrative of the homeland in Croatia
• Understandings of law in Croatia
• Serbs in the eyes of Croats
• War veterans in Croatia
• An atmosphere of pessimism and distrust : comparison of results
• Bosnia in the Croatian War narrative : a missed expressivist opportunity?
• Conclusion.

The extra-legal effects of international and domestic war crimes trials continue to puzzle researchers and practitioners. In the former Yugoslav states, the legacy of conflict and issues of transitional justice remains central in politics, society and culture. This book provides a new theoretical and methodological approach to one of these puzzles: why universal human rights norms become distorted or undermined when they reach local publics. It investigates the social and cultural contexts that transitional justice processes take place in by looking at how emotional everyday narratives can hamper the spread of norms in society. In Croatia, these narratives define how the public understands the rule of law, history and minority rights.
(source: Nielsen Book Data) 9783319908403 20181126