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Mit seinem cogito, ergo sum erkennt Descartes 1637 die menschliche Subjektivität als notwendige Voraussetzung allen Denkens. In der Aufklärung fordert Kant 1784 noch weitergehend zum allgemeinen Mut auf, sich seines eigenen Verstandes zu bedienen. Das Selbstdenken soll nicht länger durch politische, religiöse oder gesellschaftliche Mächte eingeschränkt werden. So gelangt der geistige Prozess zu neuer Freiheit und Eigendynamik, von der Lichtenberg in witziger Überlistung der Grammatik meint, man solle 'es denkt' sagen wie beispielsweise 'es blitzt'. Natürlich eckten solche freien Geister oft an und gerieten dann wie der 'Märtyrer der Wahrheit' auf dem Umschlagbild ins Abseits. Viele selbständige Gestalten und Ideen der Aufklärung sind in diesem Band in kleinen Facetten zu Köpfen, Werken, Themen und Wirkungen des 18. Jahrhunderts versammelt

• Einführung in Leben und Werk von Gotthelf Bergsträßer / Michael Fisch
• Einleitende Bemerkungen zu Die Negationen im Qur'ân / Gotthelf Bergsträßer
• Rezension des Wörterbuchs der gelehrten Männer ("irshâd al-arîb ilâ ma'rifat al-adîb") / Gotthelf Bergsträßer
• Einleitung zu Die bisher veröffentlichten arabischen Hippokrates- und Galen-Übersetzungen / Gotthelf Bergsträßer
• Bericht über meine im Frühjahr und Sommer 1914 auf Grund des Socin-Stipendiums unternommene Reise nach Syrien und Palästina / Gotthelf Bergsträßer
• Einleitung zu Neuramäische Märchen und andere Texte aus Ma'lûla. Erster Teil: Texte / Gotthelf Bergsträßer
• Einleitung zu Neuramäische Märchen und andere Texte aus Ma'lûla. Erster Teil: Übersetzungen / Gotthelf Bergsträßer
• Einleitung und Schluss zu Sprachatlas von Syrien und Palästina / Gotthelf Bergsträßer
• Vorbemerkungen zur Hebräischen Grammatik / Gotthelf Bergsträßer
• Einleitung zu Neue meteorologische Fragmente des Theophrast / Gotthelf Bergsträßer
• Vorwort zu Hebräische Lesestücke aus dem Alten Testament / Gotthelf Bergsträßer
• In Sachen meines Sprachatlas / Gotthelf Bergsträßer
• Quellen des Wörterbuchs der gelehrten Männer ("irshâd al-arîb ilâ ma'rifat al-adîb") / Gotthelf Bergsträßer
• Zu den magischen Quadraten / Gotthelf Bergsträßer
• Anfänge und Charakter des juristischen Denkens im Islam / Gotthelf Bergsträßer
• Vorbemerkungen zum Arabischen Dialekt von Damaskus / Gotthelf Bergsträßer
• Einleitung zu Hunain ibn Ishâq über die syrischen und arabischen Galen-Übersetzungen / Gotthelf Bergsträßer
• Das "Kitâb al-lâmât" des Ahmad ibn Fâris / Gotthelf Bergsträßer
• Ansprache gehalten bei der Feier des sechzigsten Geburtstags August Fischers im Semitistischen Institut der Universität Leipzig am 14. Februar 1925 / Gotthelf Bergsträßer
• Die Koranlesung des Hasan von Basra / Gotthelf Bergsträßer
• Vorwort und Vorbemerkung zu Einführung in die semitischen Sprachen / Gotthelf Bergsträßer
• Islam und Abendland. Vom ägyptischen und türkischen Modernismus / Gotthelf Bergsträßer
• Plan eines "Apparatus Criticus" zum Qur'ân / Gotthelf Bergsträßer
• Über die Notwendigkeit und Möglichkeit einer kritischen Qur'ân-Ausgabe / Gotthelf Bergsträßer
• Zur Methode der Fiqh-Forschung / Gotthelf Bergsträßer
• Zu den Ramadan-Kinderlieder aus Kairo / Gotthelf Bergsträßer
• Einleitung zu Grundzüge des islamischen Rechts / Gotthelf Bergsträßer
• Gotthelf Bergsträßer / Walter Otto
• Gotthelf Bergsträßer zum Gedächtnis
• Gotthelf Bergsträßer / Hans Ludwig Gottschalk --Einleitung zu Marginalia of Bergsträßer's Edition von Ibn Hâlawaih / Arthur Jeffery
• Vorwort zu Geschichte des Qur'ân von Theodor Nöldeke / Otto Pretzl
• Gotthelf Bergsträßer / Anton Spitaler
• Gotthelf Bergsträßer / Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz
• Bibliographie zum Werk von Gotthelf Bergsträßer / Michael Fisch
• Editorisch Notiz

"Wann wachsen Gemeinden, wann schrumpfen sie? In Vorpommern wurde die Entwicklung der evangelischen Kirchgemeinden in den Jahren 2002 bis 2020 untersucht. Erstmalig konnten damit Wachstums- und Schrumpfungsprozesse von evangelischen Gemeinden quantitativ und qualitativ erfasst und die zugrunde liegenden Bedingungen beleuchtet werden. Vorpommern kann als Beispiel gelesen werden, wie sich in einigen Jahrzehnten wahrscheinlich die Situation der Gemeinden auf dem Gebiet der EKD insgesamt darstellen wird." -- Page 4 of cover

• Du miel au sel : réflexions sur les distinctions alimentaires / Elena Mazzetto
• Il ne mangera pas de poisson : restrictions alimentaires dans la Mésopotamie ancienne / Stefania Ermidoro
• « Il était pur et ne mangeait point de poisson » : sur les interdits (bw.t) alimentaires en Égypte pharaonique / Arnaud Delhove
• Créateurs et consommateurs du corps d'amarante et miel de Huitzilopochtli dans les fêtes religieuses des anciens Nahuas / Elena Mazzetto
• Sans sel ni piment : étude comparative du jeûne en Mésoamérique et dans l'aire andine / Pauline Mancina
• Structurer le monde : les restrictions alimentaires rituelles dans la Sierra Norte zapotèque d'Oaxaca, Mexique / Caroll Davila
• Alimentation et distinction sociale en Inde Pluralité des végétarismes : interprétations et transformations / Marie-Claude Mahias
• Pratiques alimentaires dans la vie religieuse portugaise : réflexions sur les sources hagiographiques et biographiques édifiantes (XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles) / Paula Almeida Mendes
• Aspects de la distinction eucharistique : quelques commentaires médiévaux du Psaume 22 / Christian Brouwer
• Aux origines du vœu alimentaire dans le monde brahmanique : une interprétation archaïque du vratá-, « védique » / Philippe Swennen
• Ascétisme alimentaire et morale monastique à l'âge classique : la casuistique moderne et la discipline du jeûne et de l'abstinence en milieu régulier (XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles) / Sylvio Hermann De Franceschi
• Épilogue / John Tolan

• History timeline from 0 to 5760
• Major hassidic figures and leaders
• Interesting historical facts
• Several important years in the 20th century
• Alphabetic listing.

The books of 1 and 2 Kings cover the history of Israel from the last days of the united kingdom under David to the eventual fall of the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. Within these books, the deuteronomic code - 'doing what is right in the Lord's sight' - provides a framework by which monarchic history is measured. In the kings' cultic failures lies the apostasy of the nation and its eventual exile. This apostasy centres on Israel's commitment to worship YHWH exclusively, and to worship according to deuteronomistic norms within the Jerusalem temple as the locus of YHWH's covenant presence. To safeguard the kings' commitments, YHWH's prophets loom large in 1 and 2 Kings: they herald YHWH's purposes, warn of his judgment for apostasy and woo his people back to the full experience of covenant life. Lissa M. Wray Beal's commentary examines the successes and failures of monarchy in the divided kingdoms. It works with the final form of the biblical text and pursues historiographical, narrative and theological questions, including the relation of each chapter's themes to biblical theology. While it focuses on theological and narrative concerns, the commentary gives due attention to complex historical issues. --From publisher's description

• V. 1. 1 Chronicles 1-2 Chronicles 9 Israel's place among the nations
• v. 2. 2 Chronicles 10-36 guilt and atonement.

This two-part commentary argues that Chronicles, placed as it is among the 'historical books' in the traditional Old Testament of the Christian church, is much misunderstood. Restored to its proper position as the final book in the canon as arranged in the order of the Hebrew Bible, it is rather to be understood as a work of theology essentially directed towards the future. The Chronicler begins his work with the problem facing the whole human race in Adam-the forfeiture of the ideal of perfect oneness with God's purpose. He explores the possibility of the restoration of that ideal through Israel's place at the centre of the world of the nations. This portrayal reaches its climax in an idealized presentation of the reign of Solomon, in which all the rulers of the earth, including most famously the Queen of Sheba, bring their tribute in acknowledgment of Israel's status (Volume 1). As subsequent history only too clearly shows, however, the Chronicler argues (Volume 2), that Israel itself, through unfaithfulness to Torah, has forfeited its right to possession of its land and is cast adrift among these same nations of the world. But the Chronicler's message is one of hope. By a radical transformation of the chronology of Israel's past into theological terms, the generation whom the Chronicler addresses becomes the fiftieth since Adam. It is the generation to whom the jubilee of return to the land through a perfectly enabled obedience to Torah, and thus the restoration of the primal ideal of the human race, is announced.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

Donald Wiseman's study of the Books of 1 and 2 Kings is part of the Tyndale Old Testament Commentary Series, a series which offers thorough, up-to-date, passage-by-passage commentary on the books of the Old Testament.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

The stories of Samuel, Saul and David are wound up in the larger story of God's purpose for his people. Looking beyond the well-known surface of these stories, Joyce C. Baldwin explores the significance of Israel's transition from a confederation of tribes to a nation ruled by one king.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

This theological commentary on 1 & 2 Timothy and Titus by Robert Wall powerfully demonstrates the ongoing relevance and authority of the Pastoral Epistles for the church today. Wall uniquely employs an apostolic "Rule of Faith" methodology for interpreting these texts as sacred Scripture. Three successive historical case studies by Richard Steele vividly instantiate key themes of the Pastorals. This innovative yet reverent volume will help revive the interest of students, pastors, and other Christian leaders in the Pastoral Epistles.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

Martin Selman's work on the Book of 1 Chronicles is a contribution to The Tyndale Old Testament Commentary Series, a series that offers thorough, up-to-date, passage-by-passage commentary on the books of the Old Testament.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

The Brazos Theological Commentary on the Bible advances the assumption that the Nicene creedal tradition, in all its diversity, provides the proper basis for the interpretation of the Bible as Christian scripture. The series volumes, written by leading theologians, encourage readers to explore how the vital roots of the ancient Christian tradition inform and shape faithfulness today. In this addition to the series, respected theologian Kimlyn Bender offers a theological reading of 1 Corinthians. As with other volumes in the series, this commentary is designed to serve the church, providing a rich resource for preachers, teachers, students, and study groups. It demonstrates the continuing intellectual and practical viability of theological interpretation of the Bible.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

Paul's first letter to the Corinthians is one of the most important epistles in the New Testament. David Garland's thoughtful new commentary draws on extensive research and engages the best of contemporary scholarship while providing a readable study that will be accessible to thoughtful readers as well as students, pastors, and scholars. After considering the context of the letter and the social and cultural setting of Corinth, Garland turns to his exegetical work. An introduction to each major unit of thought is followed by the author's own translation of the Greek text. In the course of his verse-by-verse commentary, he incorporates references to other ancient writings that help explain particular aspects of Paul's meaning or provide information on the social and cultural context. He also refers to the work of other commentators and provides extensive notes for further reading and research.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• [v. 1]. 1:1 - 6:11 --

1 Enoch presents complex puzzles concerning wisdom, apocalyptic, and astronomical traditions in early Judaism, as well as the bewildering history of the books composition and transmission in different languages. Offering masterful judgments in lucid and accessible style, 1 Enoch 2 will be the definitive resource for decades to come.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)
The first commentary on this work since 1773.1 Enoch is one of the most intriguing books in the Pseudepigrapha (Israelite works outside the Hebrew canon). It was originally written in Aramaic and is comprised of several smaller works, incorporating traditions from the three centuries before the Common Era. Employing the name of the ancient patriarch Enoch, the Aramaic text was translated into Greek and then into Ethiopic. But as a whole, it is a classic example of revelatory (apocalyptic) literature and an important collection of Jewish literature from the Hellenistic and Roman periods.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Chapters 1-36, 81-108.

The first commentary on this work since 1773.1 Enoch is one of the most intriguing books in the Pseudepigrapha (Israelite works outside the Hebrew canon). It was originally written in Aramaic and is comprised of several smaller works, incorporating traditions from the three centuries before the Common Era. Employing the name of the ancient patriarch Enoch, the Aramaic text was translated into Greek and then into Ethiopic. But as a whole, it is a classic example of revelatory (apocalyptic) literature and an important collection of Jewish literature from the Hellenistic and Roman periods.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• v. 1
• :1. 1 Kings 1-11 --

"1-2 Könige werden als eigenständiges Buch im Zentrum des Propheten Kanons gelesen, dessen Anfang (1 Kön 1-14) bereits auf das Ende (2 Kön 17-25) vorausweist. Am Ende haben alle versagt, Könige, Propheten, Volk. Im Zentrum des Buches steht als große Abwesende die Tora, ohne die Israel nich Israel sein kann, und der am Ende - einstweilen - zerstörte Tempel. Während die Geschichte bereits das totale Scheitern des Königtums thematisiert (s. 1 Könige 1-14), wird das Scheitern der Prophetie exemplarisch an Elija in 1 Kö 17-19 (mit der Coda 2 Kön 1-2) dargestelt, woran sich in 1 Kön 18-22; 2 Kön 1 eine kontroverse Diskussion um Status und Geltung Elijas anschließt. Angesichts dessen, was hier theologisch mit bleibendem Geltungsanspruch niedergelegt ist, wird die Frage nach der historischen Wirklichkeit hinter diesen biblischen Gestalten zur Nebensache."-- Provided by publisher.

• Introduction
• Bibliography
• Translation
• Notes and comments

A new translation and commentary on I Maccabees that offers a fresh interpretation of the author's values and purpose First Maccabees, composed in the second century BCE, chronicles four decades of clashes between Hellenistic Syria and Judea, from Antiochus Epiphanes's ascent to the throne in 175 BCE to the Hasmoneans' establishment of an independent Judean state, ruled by Simon and his sons. In this volume, Daniel R. Schwartz provides a new translation of the Greek text and analyzes its historical significance. In dialogue with contemporary scholarship, the introduction surveys the work's themes, sources, and transmission, while the commentary addresses textual details and issues of historical reconstruction, often devoting special attention to the lost Hebrew original and its associations. Schwartz demonstrates that 1 Maccabees, despite its Hebraic biblical style and its survival within the Christian canon, deviates from biblical and Judaic works by marginalizing God, evincing scorn for martyrs, and ascribing to human power and valor crucial historical roles. This all fits its mandate: justification of the Hasmonean dynasty, especially the Simonides.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)