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The modern Institute of Physics and its predecessors have served the needs of physics and physicists for 125 years. In celebration of this anniversary, "125 Years: The Physical Society and The Institute of Physics" charts the history of the Institute from its origins to the present day. It provides a fascinating account of the people and events that shaped the Institute's development and includes the: Emergence of physics as a separate scientific discipline, Formation of the Physical Society of London, Establishment of the Institute of Physics, Granting of a Royal Charter to the Institute of Physics, and Final decades of the millennium. Separate chapters are devoted to the educational, professional, and publishing activities of the Institute. Pioneers such as Guthrie, Glazebrook, and Phillips could not have envisaged the ways in which the modern Institute has developed, but would surely approve of the way it is moving forward to the next millennium.
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• 1. Introduction
• 2. Problems
• 3. Hints
• 4. Solutions.
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This book will strengthen a student's grasp of the laws of physics by applying them to practical situations, and problems that yield more easily to intuitive insight than brute-force methods and complex mathematics. These intriguing problems, chosen almost exclusively from classical (non-quantum) physics, are posed in accessible non-technical language requiring the student to select the right framework in which to analyse the situation and decide which branches of physics are involved. The level of sophistication needed to tackle most of the two hundred problems is that of the exceptional school student, the good undergraduate, or competent graduate student. The book will be valuable to undergraduates preparing for 'general physics' papers. It is hoped that even some physics professors will find the more difficult questions challenging. By contrast, mathematical demands are minimal, and do not go beyond elementary calculus. This intriguing book of physics problems should prove instructive, challenging and fun.
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• Mathematical introduction
• Equilibrium of concurrent forces
• Kinematics in one dimension
• Newton's laws of motion
• Motion in a plane I
• Motion in a plane II
• Work and energy
• Power and simple machines
• Impulse and momentum
• Statics of rigid bodies
• Rotational motion I: kinematics and dynamics
• Rotational motion II: kinetic energy, angular impulse, angular momentum
• Matter in bulk
• Simple harmonic motion
• Hydrostatics
• Hydrodynamics
• Temperature and thermal expansion
• Heat and calorimetry
• Heat transfer
• Gas laws and kinetic theory
• The first law of thermodynamics
• The second law of thermodynamics
• Wave motion
• Sound
• Coulomb's law and electric fields
• Electric potential and capacitance
• Simple electric circuits
• The magnetic field
• Magnetic properties of matter
• Induced EMF: generators and motors
• Inductance
• Electric circuits
• Electromagnetic waves
• Light and optical phenomena
• Mirrors, lenses, and optical instruments
• Interference, diffraction, and polarization
• Special relativity
• Particles of light and waves of matter
• Modern physics: atoms, nuclei, solid-state electronics.

Ever since the beginning of mankind's efforts to pursue scientific inquiry into the laws of nature, visualization of the very distant and the very small has been paramount. The examples are numerous.
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• * Introduction* Gabor frames and infinite matrices* Maximal invariant sets* Piecewise linear transformations* Maximal invariant sets with irrational time Shifts* Maximal invariant sets with rational time shifts* The $abc$-problem for Gabor systems* Appendix A. Algorithm* Appendix B. Uniform sampling of signals in a shift-invariant space* Bibliography.
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A longstanding problem in Gabor theory is to identify time-frequency shifting lattices $a\mathbb{Z}\times b\mathbb{Z}$ and ideal window functions $\chi_I$ on intervals $I$ of length $c$ such that $\{e^{-2\pi i n bt} \chi_I(t- m a):\ (m, n)\in \mathbb{Z}\times \mathbb{Z}\}$ are Gabor frames for the space of all square-integrable functions on the real line. In this paper, the authors create a time-domain approach for Gabor frames, introduce novel techniques involving invariant sets of non-contractive and non-measure-preserving transformations on the line, and provide a complete answer to the above $abc$-problem for Gabor systems.
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• Optical systems and ideal optical images. Geometrical optics. Gaussian optics. Finite raytracing. Finite raytracing through non-symmetrical systems. Optical invariants. Monochromatic aberrations. Calculation of the Seidel aberrations. Finite aberration formulae. Chromatic aberration. Primary aberrations of unsymmetrical systems and of holographic optical elements. Thin lens aberrations. Optical tolerances.
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• Contents
• Preface vii
• Chapter 1 Schrodinger's Cat 1
• Chapter 2 Size Is Absolute 8
• Chapter 3 Some Things About Waves 22
• Chapter 4 The Photoelectric Effect and Einstein's Explanation 36
• Chapter 5 Light: Waves or Particles? 46
• Chapter 6 How Big Is a Photon and the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle 57
• Chapter 7 Photons, Electrons, and Baseballs 80
• Chapter 8 Quantum Racquetball and the Color of Fruit 96
• Chapter 9 The Hydrogen Atom: The History 118
• Chapter 10 The Hydrogen Atom: Quantum Theory 130
• Chapter 11 Many Electron Atoms and the Periodic Tab le of Elements 151
• Chapter 12 The Hydrogen Molecule and the Covalent Bond 178
• Chapter 13 What Holds Atoms Together: Diatomic Molecules 196
• Chapter 14 Bigger Molecules: The Shapes of Polyatomic Molecules 221
• Chapter 15 Beer and Soap 250
• Chapter 16 Fat, It's All About the Double Bonds 272
• Chapter 17 Greenhouse Gases 295
• Chapter 18 Aromatic Molecules 314
• Chapter 19 Metals, Insulators, and Semiconductors 329
• Chapter 20 Think Quantum 349
• Glossary 363
• Index 375.
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Physics is a complex, even daunting topic, but it is also deeply satisfying even thrilling. And liberated from its mathematical underpinnings, physics suddenly becomes accessible to anyone with the curiosity and imagination to explore its beauty. Science without math? It's not that unusual. For example, we can understand the concept of gravity without solving a single equation. So for all those who may have pondered what makes blueberries blue and strawberries red; for those who have wondered if sound really travels in waves; and why light behaves so differently from any other phenomenon in the universe, it's all a matter of quantum physics. "Absolutely Small" presents (and demystifies) the world of quantum science like no book before. It explores scientific concepts from particles of light, to probability, to states of matter, to what makes greenhouse gases bad in considerable depth, but using examples from the everyday world. Challenging without being intimidating, accessible but not condescending, "Absolutely Small" develops the reader's intuition for the very nature of things at their most basic and intriguing levels.
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• BASIC THEORY. Electromagnetic Theory. Absorption and Scattering by an Arbitrary Particle. Absorption and Scattering by a Sphere. Particles Small Compared with the Wavelength. Rayleigh--Gans Theory. Geometrical Optics. A Potpourri of Particles. OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF BULK MATTER. Classical Theories of Optical Constants. Measured Optical Properties. OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF PARTICLES. Extinction. Surface Modes in Small Particles. Angular Dependence of Scattering. A Miscellany of Applications. Appendices. References. Index.
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Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles Treating absorption and scattering in equal measure, this self-contained, interdisciplinary study examines and illustrates how small particles absorb and scatter light. The authors emphasize that any discussion of the optical behavior of small particles is inseparable from a full understanding of the optical behavior of the parent material-bulk matter. To divorce one concept from the other is to render any study on scattering theory seriously incomplete. Special features and important topics covered in this book include: Classical theories of optical properties based on idealized models Measurements for three representative materials: magnesium oxide, aluminum, and water An extensive discussion of electromagnetic theory Numerous exact and approximate solutions to various scattering problems Examples and applications from physics, astrophysics, atmospheric physics, and biophysics Some 500 references emphasizing work done since Kerker's 1969 work on scattering theory Computer programs for calculating scattering by spheres, coated spheres, and infinite cylinders.
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• BASIC THEORY. Electromagnetic Theory. Absorption and Scattering by an Arbitrary Particle. Absorption and Scattering by a Sphere. Particles Small Compared with the Wavelength. Rayleigh-Gans Theory. Geometrical Optics. A Potpourri of Particles. OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF BULK MATTER. Classical Theories of Optical Constants. Measured Optical Properties. OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF PARTICLES. Extinction. Surface Modes in Small Particles. Angular Dependence of Scattering. A Miscellany of Applications. Appendices. References. Index.
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Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles Treating absorption and scattering in equal measure, this self-contained, interdisciplinary study examines and illustrates how small particles absorb and scatter light. The authors emphasize that any discussion of the optical behavior of small particles is inseparable from a full understanding of the optical behavior of the parent material-bulk matter. To divorce one concept from the other is to render any study on scattering theory seriously incomplete. Special features and important topics covered in this book include: Classical theories of optical properties based on idealized models Measurements for three representative materials: magnesium oxide, aluminum, and water An extensive discussion of electromagnetic theory Numerous exact and approximate solutions to various scattering problems Examples and applications from physics, astrophysics, atmospheric physics, and biophysics Some 500 references emphasizing work done since Kerker's 1969 work on scattering theory Computer programs for calculating scattering by spheres, coated spheres, and infinite cylinders.
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From a mathematical point of view, acoustics and electro-magnetism are inter-related topics. Both exhibit similar phenomena and are tackled by the same kind of mathematical technique. It is the aim of this book to provide a unified treatment of the two fields.
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• The sound field
• cavitation inception and fluid dynamics
• the freely-oscilating bubble
• the forced bubble
• effects and mechanisms.
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This volume deals with the interaction of acoustic fields with bubbles in liquids. The principles of cavitation (generation of bubbles in liquids by rapid changes as those introduced by ultrasound) are expounded. When cavity bubbles implode they produce shock waves in the liquid. Components can be damaged by cavitation if it is induced by turbulent flow. These phenomena have important implications, particularly in underwater acoustics (the fastest growing field in acoustics research). Later chapters concentrate on cavitation due to ultrasound. This interdisciplinary research should be of interest to those engaged in research from sonochemistry to the sensitization of explosives. The physical processes involved are explained both by analogy and formulation. In this way, the concepts should be accessible to those of lesser mathematical ability.
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This work, part of a two-volume set, applies the material developed in the Volume One to various boundary value problems (reflection and refraction at plane surfaces, composite media, waveguides and resonators). The text also covers topics such as perturbation and variational methods.
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This work, part of a two-volume set, begins with a systematic development of basic concepts (such as strain, stress, viscous clamping) and coordinates in both tensor and matrix notation. Other topics covered include elastic field equations, piezoelectricity and bulk wave transducers.
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• Quantum Mechanics (Revisited)
• Angular Momentum
• Scattering Theory
• Lagrangian Field Theory
• Symmetries
• Feynman Rules
• Quantum Electrodynamics (QED)
• High-Order Processes
• Path Integrals
• Canonical Transformations for Quantum Systems
• Appendices: Multipole Analysis of the Radiation Field
• Functions of a Complex Variable
• Electromagnetic Field
• Irreducible Representations of SU(n)
• Lorentz Transformations in Quantum Field Theory
• Green's Functions and Other Singular Functions
• Dimensional Regularization
• Path Integrals and the Electromagnetic Field.
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Our understanding of the physical world was revolutionized in the twentieth century - the era of modern physics. This book, aimed at the very best students, extends the coverage of the theoretical groundwork of today's physics presented in the previous volume: "Introduction to Modern Physics: Theoretical Foundations (Vol. I)". Typically, students have to wade through several courses to see many of these topics. The goal is to give them some idea of where they are going, and how things fit together, as they go along. The present book focuses on the following topics: reformulation of quantum mechanics, angular momentum, scattering theory, lagrangian field theory, symmetries, Feynman rules, quantum electrodynamics, including higher-order contributions, path integrals, and canonical transformations for quantum systems. Many problems are included that enhance and extend the coverage. The book assumes a mastery of the material in Vol. I, and the continued development of mathematical skills, including multivariable calculus and linear algebra. Several appendices provide important details, and any additional required mathematics. The reader should then find the text, together with the appendices and problems, to be self-contained. The aim is to cover the framework of modern theoretical physics in sufficient depth that things make sense to students, and, when finished, the reader should have an elementary working knowledge in the principal areas of theoretical physics of the twentieth century.
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• The Dirac Theory
• Scattering Problems and Born Approximation
• Field Theory
• Examples of Quantized Field Theories
• Free Particle Scattering Problems
• General Theory of Free Particle Scattering
• Scattering by a Static Potential.
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Renowned physicist and mathematician Freeman Dyson is famous for his work in quantum mechanics, nuclear weapons policy and bold visions for the future of humanity. In the 1940s, he was responsible for demonstrating the equivalence of the two formulations of quantum electrodynamics - Richard Feynman's diagrammatic path integral formulation and the variational methods developed by Julian Schwinger and Sin-Itiro Tomonoga - showing the mathematical consistency of QED. This invaluable volume comprises the legendary, never-before-published, lectures on quantum electrodynamics first given by Dyson at Cornell University in 1951. The late theorist Edwin Thompson Jaynes once remarked "For a generation of physicists they were the happy medium: clearer and motivated than Feynman, and getting to the point faster than Schwinger". Future generations of physicists are bound to read these lectures with pleasure, benefiting from the lucid style that is so characteristic of Dyson's exposition.
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• 1. Introduction
• 2. Non-interacting electron gas
• 3. Born-Oppenheimer approximation
• 4. Second quantization
• 5. Hartree-Fock approximation
• 6. Interacting electron gas
• 7. Local magnetic moments in metals
• 8. Quenching of local moments: the Kondo problem
• 9. Screening and plasmons
• 10. Bosonization
• 11. Electron-lattice interactions
• 12. Superconductivity in metals
• 13. Disorder: localization and exceptions
• 14. Quantum phase transitions
• 15. Quantum hall and other topological states
• 16. Electrons at strong coupling: mottness
• Index.
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Providing an up-to-date and lucid presentation of phenomena across modern advanced-level solid state physics, this new edition builds on an elementary understanding to introduce students to the key research topics with the minimum of mathematics. It covers cutting-edge topics, including electron transport and magnetism in solids. It is the first book to explain topological insulators and strongly correlated electrons. Explaining solid state physics in a clear and detailed way, it also has over 50 exercises for students to test their knowledge. In addition to the extensive discussion of magnetic impurity problems, bosonization, quantum phase transitions, and disordered systems from the first edition, the new edition includes such topics as topological insulators, high-temperature superconductivity and Mott insulators, renormalization group for Fermi liquids, spontaneous symmetry breaking, zero and finite-temperature Green functions, and the Kubo formalism. Figures from the book and solutions to student exercises are available online at www.cambridge.org/solidstate.
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• 1. A preview
• 2. Basic principles
• 3. Unidirectional and one-dimensional flow and heat transfer processes
• 4. An introduction to asymptotic approximations
• 5. The thin gap approximation - lubrication problems
• 6. The thin gap approximation - films with a free surface
• 7. Creeping flow - general properties and solutions for 2D and axisymmetric problems
• 8. Creeping flow - 3D problems
• 9. Convection effects and heat transfer for viscous flows
• 10. Boundary layer theory for laminar flows
• 11. Heat and mass transfer at large Reynolds number
• 12. Hydrodynamic stability
• Appendix A. Governing equations and vector operations in Cartesian, cylindrical and spherical coordinate systems
• Appendix B. Cartesian component notation.
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Advanced Transport Phenomena is ideal as a graduate textbook. It contains a detailed discussion of modern analytic methods for the solution of fluid mechanics and heat and mass transfer problems, focusing on approximations based on scaling and asymptotic methods, beginning with the derivation of basic equations and boundary conditions and concluding with linear stability theory. Also covered are unidirectional flows, lubrication and thin-film theory, creeping flows, boundary layer theory, and convective heat and mass transport at high and low Reynolds numbers. The emphasis is on basic physics, scaling and nondimensionalization, and approximations that can be used to obtain solutions that are due either to geometric simplifications, or large or small values of dimensionless parameters. The author emphasizes setting up problems and extracting as much information as possible short of obtaining detailed solutions of differential equations. The book also focuses on the solutions of representative problems. This reflects the book's goal of teaching readers to think about the solution of transport problems.
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• 1. Introduction
• I: PHYSICAL AND MATHEMATICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE CASIMIR EFFECT FOR IDEAL BOUNDARIES
• 2. Simple Models of the Casimir effect
• 3. Field quantization and vacuum energy in the presence of boundaries
• 4. Regularization and renormalization of the vacuum energy
• 5. The Casimir effect at nonzero temperature
• 6. Approximate and numerical approaches to the Casimir effect
• 7. The Casimir effect for two ideal metal planes
• 8. The Casimir effect in rectangular boxes
• 9. Single spherical and cylindrical boundaries
• 10. The Casimir force between objects of arbitrary shape
• 11. Spaces with non-Euclidean topology
• II: THE CASIMIR FORCE BETWEEN REAL BODIES
• 12. The Lifshitz theory of van der Waals and Casimir forces between plane dielectrics
• 13. The Casimir interaction between plates made of real metals at zero temperature
• 14. The Casimir interaction between real metals at nonzero temperature
• 15. The Casimir interaction between metal and dielectric
• 16. The Lifshitz theory of atom-wall interaction
• 17. The Casimir force between rough and corrugated surfaces
• III: MEASUREMENTS OF THE CASIMIR FORCE AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN BOTH FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS AND NANOTECHNOLOGY
• 18. General requirements for Casimir force measurements
• 19. Measurements of the Casimir force between equals
• 20. Measurements of the Casimir force with semiconductors
• 21. Measurements of the Casimir force in configurations with corrugated surfaces
• 22. Measurement of the Casimir-Polder force
• 23. Applications of the Casimir force in nanotechnology
• 24. Constraints on hypothetical interactions from the Casimir effect
• 25. Conclusions and outlook.
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The subject of this book is the Casimir effect, a manifestation of zero-point oscillations of the quantum vacuum resulting in forces acting between closely spaced bodies. For the benefit of the reader, the book assembles field-theoretical foundations of this phenomenon, applications of the general theory to real materials, and a comprehensive description of all recently performed measurements of the Casimir force with a comparison between experiment and theory. There is an urgent need for a book of this type, given the increase of interest in forces originating from the quantum vacuum. Numerous new results have been obtained in the last few years which are not reflected in previous books on the subject, but which are very promising for fundamental science and nanotechnology. The book is a unique source of information presenting a critical assessment of all the main results and approaches from hundreds of journal papers. It also outlines new ideas which have not yet been universally accepted but which are finding increasing support from experiment.
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• Symbols, Units, and Nomenclature.- Mathematical Basics.- Acoustics.- Astronomy.- Astrophysics and Cosmology.- Atomic and Molecular Collision Processes.- Atomic Spectroscopy.- Biological Physics.- Crystallography.- Earth, Ocean and Atmosphere Physics.- Electricity and Magnetism.- Elementary Particles.- Fluid Dynamics.- Geophysics and Geodesy.- Mechanics.- Medical Physics.- Molecular Spectroscopy and Structure.- Nonlinear Physics and Complexity.- Nuclear Physics.- Optics.- Particle Accelerators and Storage Rings.- Plasma Physics.- Polymer Physics.- Quantum Theory.- Solid State Physics.- Surfaces and Films.- Thermodynamics and Thermophysics.- Practical Lab Data.
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This is a major revision of a classic, best selling reference book. Originally published by the American Institute of Physics under the title "Physics Vade Mecum" in 1981, and then the second edition in 1989 with the new title "A Physicist's Desk Reference", this third edition has been completely updated and modernized to reflect current modern physics. The book is a concise compilation of the most frequently used physics data and formulae with their derivations. This revision has six more chapters than the second edition, outdated chapters dropped, and new chapters added on atmospheric physics, electricity and magnetism, elementary particle physics, fluid dynamics, geophysics, nonlinear physics, particle accelerators, polymer physics, and quantum theory.There is a new last chapter on practical laboratory data. The references and bibliographies have been updated. This book is an indispensable tool for the researcher, professional and student in physics as well as other scientists who use physics data. The editors of this volume are Richard Cohen, author of the first two chapters of PDR and the "Physics Quick Reference Guide"; David Lide, one of the editors of the previous two editions and the editor of the "CRC Handbook of Physics and Chemistry"; and George Trigg, editor of the "Encyclopedia of Physics" and the "Encyclopedia of Applied Physics" (VCH). The market for this classic reference book includes the practicing scientist, including engineers, chemists, and biologists; and students.
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The author aims this text primarily at advanced undergraduates and first-year graduate students in theoretical and computational chemistry. The text begins with a pedagogic introduction to the Lie algebras needed for the study of simple quantum systems such as the N-dimensional hydrogen atom and the harmonic oscillator. The second part presents applications of these algebraic methods to the large order perturbation theory of Stark, Zeeman and spherically symmetric perturbation potentials, using symbolic computation and the Maple computer algebra system. A diskette containing the programs and datafiles from the book's problems and examples is included.
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In the pulp magazines and comics of the 1950s, it was predicted that the future would be one of gleaming utopias, with flying cars, jetpacks, and robotic personal assistants. Obviously, things didn't turn out that way. But the world we do have is actually more fantastic than the most outlandish predictions of the science fiction of the mid-20th century. The World Wide Web, pocket-sized computers, mobile phones and MRI machines have changed the world in unimagined ways. In "The Amazing Story of Quantum Mechanics", James Kakalios uses examples from comics and magazines to explain how breakthroughs in quantum mechanics led to such technologies. The book begins with an overview of speculative science fiction, beginning with Jules Verne and progressing through the space adventure comic books of the 1950s. Using the example of Dr. Manhattan from the graphic novel and film Watchmen, Kakalios explains the fundamentals of quantum mechanics, and describes nuclear energy via the hilarious portrayals of radioactivity and its effects in the movies and comic books of the 1950s. Finally, he shows how future breakthroughs will make possible ever more advanced medical diagnostic devices - and perhaps even power stations on the moon that can beam their power to earth.
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• Foreword / Yuri I. Manin
• Feynman integrals in mathematics and physics / Spencer Bloch
• Feynman integrals and periods in configuration spaces / Özgür Ceyhan and Matilde Marcolli
• Introductory course on l-adic sheaves and their ramification theory on curves / Lars Kindler and Kay Rülling

This is the first volume of the lectures presented at the Clay Mathematics Institute 2014 Summer School, "Periods and Motives: Feynman amplitudes in the 21st century", which took place at the Instituto de Ciencias Matematicas-ICMAT (Institute of Mathematical Sciences) in Madrid, Spain. It covers the presentations by S. Bloch, by M. Marcolli and by L. Kindler and K. Rulling. The main topics of these lectures are Feynman integrals and ramification theory. On the Feynman integrals side, their relation with Hodge structures and heights as well as their monodromy are explained in Bloch's lectures. Two constructions of Feynman integrals on configuration spaces are presented in Ceyhan and Marcolli's notes. On the ramification theory side an introduction to the theory of l -adic sheaves with emphasis on their ramification theory is given. These notes will equip the reader with the necessary background knowledge to read current literature on these subjects.
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• Preface. Chapters: I. Review of fundamental notions of analysis. II. Differential calculus on Banach spaces. III. Differentiable manifolds, finite dimensional case. IV. Integration on manifolds. V. Riemannian manifolds. Kahlerian manifolds. V bis. Connections on a principle fibre bundle. VI. Distributions. VII. Differentiable manifolds, infinite dimensional case. References. Symbols. Index.
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This reference book, which has found wide use as a text, provides an answer to the needs of graduate physical mathematics students and their teachers. The present edition is a thorough revision of the first, including a new chapter entitled "Connections on Principle Fibre Bundles" which includes sections on holonomy, characteristic classes, invariant curvature integrals and problems on the geometry of gauge fields, monopoles, instantons, spin structure and spin connections. Many paragraphs have been rewritten, and examples and exercises added to ease the study of several chapters. The index includes over 130 entries.
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• Anomalous Diffusion Processes
• Fractional Path Integrals
• Fractional Brownian Motion and Polymers
• Probing Cell Mechanics with Optical Tweezers
• Diffusion of Alpha-Helical Proteins
• Space Fractional Schrodinger Equation
• Multifractional Processes
• Path Summation with Memory
• Grey Brownian Motion
• Fractional Dynamics of Carrier Transport in Organic Semiconductors
• Photostimulation of Neurons
• Modeling Urban Dynamics--.
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This volume contains pedagogical, review and research level papers on fractional stochastic and quantum processes which have been the focus of intensive mathematical, experimental, and computational studies due to their widening spectrum of applications in natural and social sciences. Novel vis-a-vis standard approaches in fractional stochastic analysis are presented together with experimental and theoretical highlights in applications to polymer structure, microrheology, neuroscience, complex systems, and finance, among others.
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• Preface Introduction 1 Notations and Basic Theorems
• Chapter 1: The General Theory 2 Primitive Spaces 3 The Completeness 4 The Funk-Hecke Formula 5 Representations and Interpolations 6 Homogeneous Harmonics
• Chapter 2: The Specific Theories 7 The Legendre Polynomials 8 The Laplace Integrals 9 The Gegenbauer Polynomials 10 The Associated Legendre Functions 11 The Associated Spaces yj/n(q).
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This self-contained book offers a new and direct approach to the theories of special functions with emphasis on spherical symmetry in Euclidean spaces of arbitrary dimensions. Written after many years of lecturing to mathematicians, physicists and engineers in scientific research institutions in Europe and the USA, it uses elementary concepts to present the spherical harmonics in a theory of invariants of the orthogonal group. One of the highlights of this book is the extension of the classical results of the spherical harmonics into the complex. This is particularly important for the complexification of the Funk-Hecke formula which successfully leads to new integrals for Bessel- and Hankel functions with many applications of Fourier integrals and Radon transforms. Exercises have been included to stimulate mathematical ingenuity and to bridge the gap between well known elementary results and their appearance in the new formations.
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• Basic Principles of Electromagnetic Theory.
• Analytical Methods and Orthogonal Functions.
• Green's Functions.
• Contour Integration and Conformal Mapping.
• Fourier Transform Method.
• Introduction to Computational Methods.
• Method of Finite Differences.
• Finite Difference Time Domain Analysis.
• Variational Methods.
• Finite Element Method.
• Method of Moments.
• Appendices.
• About the Author.
• Index.
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Although electromagnetics principles can be very difficult for electrical engineers to understand, they are the essential background that engineers need to get most out of today's powerful computational tools and commercial software for optimizing microwave system performance. This authoritative resource offers a clear and complete explanation of this necessary electromagnetics knowledge, providing the analytical fundamentals needed to understand the most important methods in the field, including MoM (method of moments), FDTD (Finite Difference Time Domain) techniques, and Green's functions.The book presents all math necessary to master the material and provides number of solved problems to ensure the understanding the key concepts. It also includes multiple choice questions, appropriate for self study or courses, that help clarify concepts without any mathematical burden. Packed with over 1,300 time-saving equations, all the problems presented in the book can be solved using nothing more than calculator.CD-ROM-Included!It includes time-saving Matlab[registered] source code for the problems presented in the book which can be easily modified to help you solve similar problems in the field.
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• Basic Field Theory. Images. The Solution of Laplace's Equation by Separation of the Variables. Fields with Distributed Currents: Poisson and Diffusion Equations. Conformal Transformation: Basic Ideas. Polygonal Boundaries. General Considerations. Computational Modeling--Basic Methods. Two-Dimensional Static Linear Problems. Non-Linear Effects in Two-Dimensional Fields. Two-Dimensional Time-Dependent Fields. Three-Dimensional Problems. Electromagnetic Software Environment. Appendices. Bibliography. Index.
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This volume aims to make available the full range of classical and modern methods for the solution of electric, magnetic and thermal field problems. It deals with one-to-three-dimensional fields, linear, non-linear and anisotropic media, and static low frequency time variation.
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• Fundamental Aspects of NMR Spectroscopy. Quantitative Applications of
• 13 C NMR. Analysis of Fossil Fuels. NMR of Zeolites, Silicates, and Solid Catalysts. Biological Applications of NMR. Automatic NMR Analysis. Index.
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This book provides expert coverage of a number of areas in which NMR spectroscopy has found analytical applications. Specific chapters review NMR methods for the analysis of oils, oil shales, and coals, the characterization of zeolites and solid catalysts and the investigation of biological systems. The contributors are from a wide range of disciplines and are all well known experts in their area. The volume will be of use to analytical and industrial chemists, spectroscopists, chemical engineers and biochemists, fuel and coal scientists and geologists.
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• Introduction (N.V. Smith and S.D. Kevan). The Physics of Photoemission (J.E. Inglesfield and E.W. Plummer). Quasiparticle Excitations and Photoemission (S.G.Louie). Surface States on Metals (S.D. Kevan and W. Eberhardt). Surface States on Semiconductors (G. Hansson and R. Uhrberg). Metallic Compounds and Ordered Alloys (L.I. Johannson and C.G. Larsson). Photoelectron Diffraction (D.P. Woodruff). Atomic Chemisorption (A. Goldmann). Molecular Chemisorption (H.J. Freund and M. Neumann). Metallic Films on Metallic Substrates (K. Jacobi). Thin Films on Semiconductors (R.D. Bringans). Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission from Ferromagnets (E. Kisker and C. Carbone). Inverse Photoemission (P.D. Johnson). Multi-Photon Photoemission (J. Bokor and R. Haight). New Frontiers: Highly Correlated Electronic Behavior (R.F. Willis and S.D. Kevan). Future Prospects in Angle-Resolved Photoemission (S.D. Kevan). Index.
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Angle-resolved photoemission has become an indispensable tool for solid state and surface physicists and chemists. This book covers the underlying phenomenology of the technique, reviews its application to existing problems, and discusses future applications. The book is particularly timely given the significant improvements in experimental and theoretical methodology which have recently been or soon will be attained, namely, ultrahigh resolution studies using improved sources of synchrotron radiation, quasiparticle interpretation of measured dispersion relations and spectra, in situ growth of novel materials, etc. The technique has been applied predominantly to understand materials for which the one-electron paradigm is a reasonable approximation. Most chapters discuss this type of experiment: 2D and 3D states in metals and semiconductors, extrinsic states induced by adsorption, etc. Applications of the technique to materials where electron correlation plays a comparable role to that of solid state hybridization, ferro- and antiferromagnets, high T c superconductors, etc. are rapidly growing in popularity. These areas are also discussed and a foundation is laid for further experiments in this direction. Almost all chapters contain comprehensive bibliographies and compendia of systems studied. The book has an extensive index which cross references applications and systems studied.
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