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• 1. Macroscopic connectivity as the essential characteristic of heterogeneous systems
• 2. Percolation theory: Classical and poor man's
• 3. Extensions of the classical percolation model
• 4. Characterization of porous media and materials
• 5. Connectivity of fracture and fault networks
• 6. Earthquakes, critical phenomena, and percolation
• 7. Flow and transport properties of porous materials
• 8. Mixing and dispersion in flow through porous media
• 9. Multiphase fluid flow in porous media
• 10. Percolation in evolving media
• 11. Vector percolation and rigidity of materials
• 12. Transport properties of composite materials
• 13. Rheology and elastic properties of network glasses, branched polymers, and gels
• 14. Vibrational density of states of heterogeneous materials
• 15. Hopping conductivity of heterogeneous materials
• 16. Applications of invasion percolation
• 17. Percolation in random graphs and complex networks
• 18. Percolation in biological systems
• 19. Percolation theory, ecology, hydrology, and geochemistry
• 20. Explosive percolation and its applications
• 21. Directed percolation and its applications
• 22. Percolation in large-scale systems
• References
• Index

The first edition of this book was published in 1994. Since then considerable progress has been made in both theoretical developments of percolation theory, and in its applications. The 2nd edition of this book is a response to such developments. Not only all the chapters of the 1st edition have been completely rewritten and updated all the way to 2022, but also 8 new chapters have been added that describe extensive new applications, including biological materials, networks and graphs, direcrted percolation, earthquakes, geochemical processes, and large-scale real world problems, from spread of technology to ad-hoc mobile networks--back cover

Endeavors to explain Einstein's general theory of relativity, beginning with the equivalence principle and covering the necessary mathematics of Riemannian spaces and tensor calculus, offering readers a deeper understanding of the universe's real structure.

"This volume is one of six that together comprise the text materials for Six Ideas That Shaped Physics, a unique approach to the two- or three-semester calculusbased introductory physics course. I have designed this curriculum (for which these volumes only serve as the text component) to support an introductory course that combines three elements: Inclusion of 20th-century physics topics, A thoroughly 21st-century perspective on even classical topics, and Support for a student-centered and active-learning-based classroom"-- Provided by publisher

"This volume is one of six that together comprise the text materials for Six Ideas That Shaped Physics, a unique approach to the two- or three-semester calculusbased introductory physics course. I have designed this curriculum (for which these volumes only serve as the text component) to support an introductory course that combines three elements: Inclusion of 20th-century physics topics, A thoroughly 21st-century perspective on even classical topics, and Support for a student-centered and active-learning-based classroom"-- Provided by publisher

"This volume is one of six that together comprise the text materials for Six Ideas That Shaped Physics, a unique approach to the two- or three-semester calculusbased introductory physics course. I have designed this curriculum (for which these volumes only serve as the text component) to support an introductory course that combines three elements: Inclusion of 20th-century physics topics, A thoroughly 21st-century perspective on even classical topics, and Support for a student-centered and active-learning-based classroom"-- Provided by publisher

"This volume is one of six that together comprise the text materials for Six Ideas That Shaped Physics, a unique approach to the two- or three-semester calculusbased introductory physics course. I have designed this curriculum (for which these volumes only serve as the text component) to support an introductory course that combines three elements: Inclusion of 20th-century physics topics, A thoroughly 21st-century perspective on even classical topics, and Support for a student-centered and active-learning-based classroom"-- Provided by publisher

"This volume is one of six that together comprise the text materials for Six Ideas That Shaped Physics, a unique approach to the two- or three-semester calculusbased introductory physics course. I have designed this curriculum (for which these volumes only serve as the text component) to support an introductory course that combines three elements: Inclusion of 20th-century physics topics, A thoroughly 21st-century perspective on even classical topics, and Support for a student-centered and active-learning-based classroom"-- Provided by publisher

"This volume is one of six that together comprise the text materials for Six Ideas That Shaped Physics, a unique approach to the two- or three-semester calculusbased introductory physics course. I have designed this curriculum (for which these volumes only serve as the text component) to support an introductory course that combines three elements: Inclusion of 20th-century physics topics, A thoroughly 21st-century perspective on even classical topics, and Support for a student-centered and active-learning-based classroom"-- Provided by publisher

• 1. Level Set methods and Lagrangian interfaces.-
• 2. Mathematical tools for continuum mechanics.-
• 3. Interaction of an incompressible fluid with an elastic membrane.-
• 4. Immersed bodies : the case of elastic bodies.-
• 5. Immersed bodies : the case of rigid bodies.-
• 6. Interaction between bodies by the Level Set method.-
• 7. Appendix.-
• 8. References. .
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This monograph is devoted to Eulerian models for fluid-structure interaction by applying the original point of view of level set methods. In the last 15 years, Eulerian models have become popular tools for studying fluid-structure interaction problems. One major advantage compared to more conventional methods such as ALE methods is that they allow the use of a single grid and a single discretization method for the different media. Level set methods in addition provide a general framework to follow the fluid-solid interfaces, to represent the elastic stresses of solids, and to model the contact forces between solids. This book offers a combination of mathematical modeling, aspects of numerical analysis, elementary codes and numerical illustrations, providing the reader with insights into the applications and performance of these models. Assuming background at the level of a Master's degree, Level Set Methods for Fluid-Structure Interaction provides researchers in the fields of numerical analysis of PDEs, theoretical and computational mechanics with a basic reference on the topic. Its pedagogical style and organization make it particularly suitable for graduate students and young researchers.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Maxwellʼs Equations
• Electromagnetic Waves
• Jump and Boundary Conditions
• Two Fundamental Polarizations
• References
• Diffraction Grating Theory
• Perfectly Conducting Gratings
• Dielectric Gratings
• Biperiodic Gratings
• Perfect Electric Conductors
• Dielectric Media
• References
• Variational Formulations
• The Dirichlet Problem
• The Transmission Problem
• Biperiodic Structures
• Function Spaces
• The Transparent Boundary Condition
• The Variational Problem
• References
• Finite Element Methods
• The Finite Element Method
• Finite Element Analysis for TE Polarization
• Finite Element Analysis for TM Polarization
• Adaptive Finite Element PML Method
• The PML Formulation
• Transparent Boundary Condition for the PML Problem
• Error Estimate of the PML Solution
• The Discrete Problem
• Error Representation Formula
• A Posteriori Error Analysis
• Numerical Results
• Adaptive Finite Element DtN Method
• The Discrete Problem
• A Posteriori Error Analysis
• TM Polarization
• Numerical Results
• Adaptive Finite Element PML Method for Biperiodic Structures
• The PML Formulation
• Transparent Boundary Condition for the PML Problem
• Convergence of the PML Solution
• The Discrete Problem
• A Posteriori Error Analysis
• Numerical Results
• References
• Inverse Diffraction Grating
• Uniqueness Theorems
• The Helmholtz Equation
• Maxwellʼs Equations
• Local Stability
• The Helmholtz Equation
• Maxwellʼs Equations
• Numerical Methods
• References
• Near-Field Imaging
• Near-Field Data
• The Variational Problem
• An Analytic Solution
• Convergence of the Power Series
• The Reconstruction Formula
• Error Estimates
• Numerical Results
• Far-Field Data
• The Reduced Problem
• Transformed Field Expansion
• The Reconstruction Formula
• A Nonlinear Correction Scheme
• Numerical Results
• Maxwellʼs Equations
• The Reduced Model Problem
• Transformed Field Expansion
• The Zerolh Order Term
• The First Order Term
• The Reconstruction Formula
• Numerical Results
• References
• Related Topics
• Method of Boundary Integral Equations
• Model Problems
• Quasi-periodic Greenʼs Function
• Boundary Integral Operators
• Boundary Integral Equations
• Integral Formulas for Rayleighʼs Coefficients
• Time-Domain Problems
• Problem Formulation
• Time-Domain Transparent Boundary Condition
• The Reduced Problem
• A Priori Estimates
• Nonlinear Gratings
• SHG Model
• TE-TE Polarization
• TM-TE Polarization
• Optimal Design Problems
• The Model Problem
• The Optimal Design Problem
• Homogenization of the Design Problem
• The Relaxed Problem
• References
• Appendices
• Index

This book addresses recent developments in mathematical analysis and computational methods for solving direct and inverse problems for Maxwell's equations in periodic structures. The fundamental importance of the fields is clear, since they are related to technology with significant applications in optics and electromagnetics. The book provides both introductory materials and in-depth discussion to the areas in diffractive optics that offer rich and challenging mathematical problems. It is also intended to convey up-to-date results to students and researchers in applied and computational mathematics, and engineering disciplines as well.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book honors the remarkable science and life of Shoucheng Zhang, a condensed matter theorist known for his work on topological insulators, the quantum Hall effect, spintronics, superconductivity, and other fields. It contains the contributions displayed at the Shoucheng Zhang Memorial Workshop held on May 2-4, 2019 at Stanford University.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Contents
• 1. Light-matter interaction
• 2. Optical nonlinearity
• 3. Optical susceptibilities
• 4. Propagation of optical waves
• 5. Nonlinear optical interactions
• 6. Coupled-wave analysis
• 7. Nonlinearly coupled waveguide modes
• 8. Nonlinear propagation equations
• 9. Phase matching
• 10. Optical frequency conversion
• 11. Electro-optic modulation
• 12. All-optical modulation
• 13. Stimulated raman and brillouin scattering
• 14. Multiphoton absorption
• 15. Optical saturation
• 16. Optical bistability
• 17. Generation of laser pulses
• 18. Propagation of optical pulses
• 19. Supercontinuum generation
• Appendix A
• Appendix B
• Appendix C
• Appendix D.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Suitable for both graduate and senior undergraduate students, this textbook offers a logical progression through the underlying principles and practical applications of nonlinear photonics. Building up from essential physics, general concepts, and fundamental mathematical formulations, it provides a robust introduction to nonlinear optical processes and phenomena, and their practical applications in real-world devices and systems. Over 45 worked problems illustrate key concepts and provide hands-on models for students, and over 160 end-of-chapter exercises supply students with plenty of scope to master the material. Accompanied by a complete solutions manual for instructors, including detailed explanations of each result, and drawing on the author's 35 years of teaching experience, this is the ideal introduction to nonlinear photonics for students in electrical engineering.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Why quantum field theory?
• Quanta
• Developing free field theory
• Interactions
• Feynman rules
• Calculating
• Introduction to renormalization
• Path integrals
• A short guide to the rest of the story

A concise, beginner-friendly introduction to quantum field theory Quantum field theory is a powerful framework that extends quantum mechanics in ways that are essential in many modern applications. While it is the fundamental formalism for the study of many areas of physics, quantum field theory requires a different way of thinking, and many newcomers to the subject struggle with the transition from quantum mechanics. A Prelude to Quantum Field Theory introduces the key concepts of quantum field theory in a brief and accessible manner while never sacrificing mathematical rigor. The result is an easy-to-use textbook that distills the most general properties of the theory without overwhelming beginning students with more advanced applications. Bridges quantum mechanics and quantum field theory, emphasizing analogies and differences Emphasizes a "quantum field theoretical mindset" while maintaining mathematical rigor Obtains quantum fields as the continuum limit of a quantized system of many particles Highlights the correspondence between wave function-fundamental in quantum mechanics-and the formalism of second quantization used in quantum field theory Provides a step-by-step derivation of Feynman rules for the perturbative study of interacting theories Introduces students to renormalization, path integrals techniques, and more Discusses more modern topics like effective field theories Ideal for both undergraduate and graduate students Proven in the classroom.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Prologue: Once upon a time in physics
• Information theory: Of passwords and probabilities
• Quantum physics: Everything at once, or, one thing at a time?
• Quantum computation: Everything at once
• Thermodynamics: "May I drive?"
• A fine merger: Thermodynamics, information theory, and quantum physics
• The physics of yesterday's tomorrow: The landscape of quantum steampunk
• Pedal to the metal: Quantum thermal machines
• Tick tock: Quantum clocks
• Unsteady as she goes: Fluctuation relations
• Entropy, energy, and a tiny possibility: One-shot thermodynamics
• Resource theories: A ha'penny of a quantum state
• The unseen kingdom: When quantum observables don't cooperate
• All over the map: Rounding out our tour
• Stepping off the map: Quantum steampunk crosses borders
• Epilogue: Where to next?: The future of quantum steampunk

The Industrial Revolution meets the quantum-technology revolution! A steampunk adventure guide to how mind-blowing quantum physics is transforming our understanding of information and energy. Victorian era steam engines and particle physics may seem worlds (as well as centuries) apart, yet a new branch of science, quantum thermodynamics, reenvisions the scientific underpinnings of the Industrial Revolution through the lens of today's roaring quantum information revolution. Classical thermodynamics, understood as the study of engines, energy, and efficiency, needs reimagining to take advantage of quantum mechanics, the basic framework that explores the nature of reality by peering at minute matters, down to the momentum of a single particle. In her exciting new book, intrepid Harvard-trained physicist Dr. Nicole Yunger Halpern introduces these concepts to the uninitiated with what she calls "quantum steampunk, " after the fantastical genre that pairs futuristic technologies with Victorian sensibilities. While readers follow the adventures of a rag-tag steampunk crew on trains, dirigibles, and automobiles, they explore questions such as, "Can quantum physics revolutionize engines?" and "What deeper secrets can quantum information reveal about the trajectory of time?" Yunger Halpern also describes her own adventures in the quantum universe and provides an insider's look at the work of the scientists obsessed with its technological promise. Moving from fundamental physics to cutting-edge experimental applications, Quantum Steampunk explores the field's aesthetic, shares its whimsy, and gazes into the potential of a quantum future. The result is a blast for fans of science, science fiction, and fantasy.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• First-Order Statistics of Speckle Amplitude First-Order Statistics of Speckle Intensity Simulation of Speckle in Optical Imaging Simulation of Speckle in Free-Space Propagation Speckle at Low Light Levels Speckle Phase Vortices Polarization Speckle Speckle Simulation for Metrology.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The speckle phenomenon is ubiquitous, occurring in all regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, as well as in both ultrasound and synthetic-aperture-radar imaging. Speckle occurs whenever radiation is reflected from a surface that is rough on the scale of a wavelength, or is passed through a diffusing surface that introduces random path-length delays on the scale of a wavelength. This book is devoted to simulation of speckle phenomena using the software package Mathematica (R). Various techniques for simulating speckle are discussed. Simulation topics include first-order amplitude and intensity statistics, speckle phenomena in both imaging and free-space propagation, speckle at low light levels, polarization speckle, phase vortices in speckle, and speckle metrology methods.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface. Table of Aims. 1. Introduction
• 2. The axioms
• 3. Length contraction and time dilation
• 4. Spacetime and geometry
• 5. The Lorentz transformation
• 6. Vectors and kinematics
• 7. Dynamics
• A. An overview of general relativity
• B. Relativity's contact with experimental fact
• C. Maths revision
• D. How to do calculations - a recipe. Bibliography. Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This compact yet informative Guide presents an accessible route through Special Relativity, taking a modern axiomatic and geometrical approach. It begins by explaining key concepts and introducing Einstein's postulates. The consequences of the postulates - length contraction and time dilation - are unravelled qualitatively and then quantitatively. These strands are then tied together using the mathematical framework of the Lorentz transformation, before applying these ideas to kinematics and dynamics. This volume demonstrates the essential simplicity of the core ideas of Special Relativity, while acknowledging the challenges of developing new intuitions and dealing with the apparent paradoxes that arise. A valuable supplementary resource for intermediate undergraduates, as well as independent learners with some technical background, the Guide includes numerous exercises with hints and notes provided online. It lays the foundations for further study in General Relativity, which is introduced briefly in an appendix.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• UNIT I: SETTING THE STAGE
• Chapter 1. Approaches in Global Change Biology How Did the Field of Global Change Biology Develop? How Are Global Change Biology Studies Designed? What Key Research Approaches Are Used in Global Change Biology? What Key Tools Are Used in Global Change Biology? Core Concepts: How are Data Displayed? Meet the Data: The Economic Value of Nature Taking a Closer Look: The Value of Biological Diversity
• Chapter 2. Brief History of Life on Earth What Key Transitions Led to the Emergence of Life on Earth? How Did Cellular Life Evolve and Diversify? What Evolutionary Processes Shape Biological Diversity? When Have Speciation and Extinction Rates Been Particularly High? Core Concepts: What is a Phylogenetic Tree? Meet the Data: The Ring of Life Taking a Closer Look: Biological Levels of Change
• Chapter 3. Rise of the Humans When and How Did Early Hominids Evolve? When and How Did Modern Humans Spread Around the World? How Did Early Human Civilizations Impact the Environment? Core Concepts: What Is In a Name? Meet the Data: Ice Age Genetics Taking a Closer Look: The Evolutionary Success of Humans
• Chapter 4. The Anthropocene What Is the Anthropocene and When Did It Begin? What Are Patterns of Contemporary Population Growth? How Are Contemporary Human Civilizations Impacting the Environment? How Do Anthropogenic Stressors Interact with Each Other? What Influences Overall Vulnerability to Global Change Pressures? Core Concepts: What is Climate and How Is It Measured? Meet the Data: Pollinators and Pesticides Taking a Closer Look: Historical and Contemporary Climate Change UNIT II: CORE RESPONSES TO GLOBAL CHANGE STRESSORS
• Chapter 5. Core Responses: Move How and Why Do Organisms Move? What Is a Geographic Range? What Factors Determine a Species' Geographic Range? Do Range Changes Occur Even Without Anthropogenic Influence? What Types of Range Changes Occur in Response to Anthropogenic Pressures? How Do Scientists Predict Range Changes? Core Concepts: What Is a Niche? Meet the Data: A Century of Change in Yosemite Taking a Closer Look: Globalization and Invasive Species
• Chapter 6. Core Responses: Adjust What Is Phenotypic Plasticity? Is the Capacity for Plasticity Consistent Across Traits and Species? What Types of Plasticity Occur in Response to Global Change What Mechanisms Underlie Phenotypic Plasticity? How Do Scientists Assess and Predict Phenotypic Plasticity? Can Plasticity Facilitate Long-Term Persistence? Core Concepts: What Are the Mechanisms of Heredity? Meet the Data: Phenology and Global Warming Taking a Closer Look: Urbanization
• Chapter 7. Core Responses: Adapt What Conditions Are Required for Adaptation? What Is an Example of Evolution by Natural Selection? What Types of Adaptation Occur in Response to Global Change Pressures? How Do Scientists Identify Adaptations and Predict Adaptive Potential? Can Adaptation Prevent Extinction? Core Concepts: Where Does Genetic Variation Come From? Meet the Data: The Daphnia Time Machine Taking a Closer Look: Coral Reefs
• Chapter 8. Core Responses: Die How Is the Survival of Individuals, Populations, and Species Connected? What Are Examples of Extinction in Response to Global Change Pressures? How Do Scientists Estimate Extinction Risk? How Do Scientists Summarize Global Patterns of Extinction Risk? What Is the Sixth Mass Extinction? Core Concepts: What is Extinction Debt? Meet the Data: The Sixth Mass Extinction Taking a Closer Look: Amphibian Declines UNIT III: COMPLEX RESPONSES TO GLOBAL CHANGE PRESSURES
• Chapter 9. Community-Level Responses What Are Key Types of Biological Interactions? How Do Global Change Pressures Affect Biological Interactions? How Does Extinction Affect Communities? What Are Cascading Effects? Core Concepts: What Are Above- and Below-Ground Food Webs? Meet the Data: The Collapse of Mutualisms Taking a Closer Look: Kelp Forests and Trophic Cascades
• Chapter 10. Ecosystem-Level Responses What Are Biogeochemical Cycles? How Do Global Change Pressures Impact Ecosystems? How Do Global Change Pressures Impact Large-Scale Earth Systems? What Is a Feedback? What Is Ecosystem Collapse? What Is Ecosystem Resilience? Core Concepts: What is a Biodiversity Hotspot? Meet the Data: Greenhouse Gases in the Soil Taking a Closer Look: Factors Influencing Response to Global Change UNIT IV: NEW HORIZONS
• Chapter 11. Conservation in an Era of Global Change Why Is It Important to Explicitly Define Conservation Priorities? Why Is It Important to Match Conservation Actions to Particular Biological Levels? What Are Examples of Fine-Filter Conservation Strategies? What Are Examples of Coarse-Filter Conservation Strategies? What Is Adaptive Management? Core Concepts: What is Climate Mitigation? Meet the Data: Maximizing Evolutionary Diversity Taking a Closer Look: Emerging Technologies and Conservation Ethics
• Chapter 12. Aligning the Interests of Biodiversity and Human Society What Are Coupled Human-Natural Systems? What Societal Levers Can Be Used to Support Biodiversity Conservation? How Can Individuals Support Biodiversity Conservation? How Can Collectives Support Biodiversity Conservation? How Can Policy Action Support Biodiversity Conservation? What Is the Forecast for the Future? Core Concepts: What is I=PAT? Meet the Data: Financial Incentives for Dynamic Conservation Taking a Closer Look: Environmental Worldviews.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Bree Rosenblum's Global Change Biology provides a comprehensive introduction to the field of Global Change Biology and a roadmap for structuring Global Change Biology courses, a burgeoning field of biological study. The first of its kind, Rosenblum goes beyond the narrow focus of existing texts, which tend to focus on climate only, by offering a conceptionally integrated approach to understanding how humans have impacted life on Earth. The textbook guides students to think about change across spatial and temporal scales and fills a unique niche of integrating ecological and evolutionary perspectives throughout. Global Change Biology is available in e-book format only. Print-on-demand can be provided for orders where print is specified. The conceptual arc of the textbook is organized around four fundamental learning objectives that traverse the past, present, and future. Students will explore: a) the complex history of planetary change, b) the impact of contemporary stressors across biological levels, biomes, and the tree of life, c) the dynamic interactions and responses of living systems to planetary change, and d) the opportunities for maintaining resilient ecosystems in a changing world. Enrichment features include Core Concepts boxes reviewing foundational material, Meet the Data boxes providing direct experience interpreting global change biology data, and Taking a Closer Look providing an opportunity to evaluate multifaceted biological responses in complex systems. Pre- and post- assessment tools like The Blank Page and reflection questions throughout, encourage students to reflect, self-assess, and deepen their learning. The primary intended audience for Global Change Biology is upper division undergraduate students who are ready to apply key concepts in ecology and evolution to the Global Change Biology theme area and develop a more analytical and integrative skill set as scientists. However, the textbook has crossover power to engage other audiences and provide a roadmap for developing courses to inform and inspire students about the study of life on a rapidly changing planet.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface
• Mechanics of Random Motion
• Smooth Motion and Random Motion
• On Stochastic Processes
• Itô's Path Analysis
• Equation of Motion for a Stochastic Process
• Kinematics of Random Motion
• Free Random Motion of a Particle
• Hooke's Force
• Hooke's Force and an Additional Potential
• Complex Evolution Functions
• Superposition Principle
• Entangled Quantum Bit
• Light Emission from a Silicon Semiconductor
• The Double-Slit Problem
• Double-Slit Experiment with Photons
• Theory of Photons
• Principle of Least Action
• Transformation of Probability Measures
• Schrödinger Equation and Path Equation
• Applications
• Motion induced by the Coulomb Potential
• Charged Particle in a Magnetic Field
• Aharonov-Bohm Effect
• Tunnel Effect
• Bose-Einstein Distribution
• Random Motion and the Light Cone
• Origin of the Universe
• Classification of Boundary Points
• Particle Theory of Electron Holography
• Escherichia coli and Meson models
• High-Temperature Superconductivity
• Momentum, Kinetic Energy, Locality
• Momentum and Kinetic Energy
• Matrix Mechanics
• Function Representations of Operators
• Expectation and Variance
• The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
• Kinetic Energy and Variance of Position
• Theory of Hidden Variables
• Einstein's Locality
• Bell's Inequality
• Local Spin Correlation Model
• Long-Lasting Controversy and Random Motion
• Markov Processes
• Time-Homogeneous Markov Proces-ses
• Transformations by M-Functionals
• Change of Time Scale
• Duality and Time Reversal
• Time Reversal, Last Occurrence Time
• Time Reversal, Equations of Motion
• Conditional Expectation
• Paths of Brownian Motion
• Applications of Relative Entropy
• Relative Entropy
• Variational Principle
• Exponential Family of Distributions
• Existence of Entrance and Exit Functions
• Cloud of Paths
• Kac's Phenomenon of Propagation of Chaos
• Extinction and Creation
• Extinction of Particles
• Piecing-Together Markov Processes
• Branching Markov Processes
• Construction of Branching Markov Processes
• Markov Processes with Age
• Branching Markov Processes with Age
• Bibliography
• Index

This book discusses quantum theory as the theory of random (Brownian) motion of small particles (electrons etc.) under external forces. Implying that the Schroedinger equation is a complex-valued evolution equation and the Schroedinger function is a complex-valued evolution function, important applications are given. Readers will learn about new mathematical methods (theory of stochastic processes) in solving problems of quantum phenomena. Readers will also learn how to handle stochastic processes in analyzing physical phenomena.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Volume 1. Statistical physics
• Volume 2. Optics
• Volume 3. Elasticity & fluid dynamics
• Volume 4. Plasma physics
• Volume 5. Relativity & cosmology

"Kip Thorne and Roger Blandford's monumental Modern Classical Physics is now available in five stand-alone volumes that make ideal textbooks for individual graduate or advanced undergraduate courses on statistical physics; optics; elasticity and fluid dynamics; plasma physics; and relativity and cosmology. Each volume teaches the fundamental concepts, emphasizes modern, real-world applications, and gives students a physical and intuitive understanding of the subject. Relativity and Cosmology is an essential introduction to the subject, including remarkable recent advances. Written by award-winning physicists who have made fundamental contributions to the field and taught it for decades, the book differs from most others on the subject in important ways. It highlights recent transformations in our understanding of black holes, gravitational waves, and the cosmos; it emphasizes the physical interpretation of general relativity in terms of measurements made by observers; it explains the physics of the Riemann tensor in terms of tidal forces, differential frame dragging, and associated field lines; it presents an astrophysically oriented description of spinning black holes; it gives a detailed analysis of an incoming gravitational wave's interaction with a detector such as LIGO; and it provides a comprehensive, in-depth account of the universe's evolution, from its earliest moments to the present. While the book is designed to be used for a one-quarter or full-semester course, it goes deep enough to provide a foundation for understanding and participating in some areas of cutting-edge research. Includes many exercise problems Features color figures, suggestions for further reading, extensive cross-references, and a detailed index Optional "Track 2" sections make this an ideal book for a one-quarter or one-semester course An online illustration package is available to professors The five volumes, which are available individually as paperbacks and ebooks, are Statistical Physics; Optics; Elasticity and Fluid Dynamics; Plasma Physics; and Relativity and Cosmology." --Amazon.com

• Introduction to field theory
• Classical field theory
• Classical symmetries and conservation laws
• Canonical quantization
• Path integrals in quantum mechanics and quantum field theory
• Nonrelativistic field theory
• Quantization of the free Dirac field
• Coherent-state path-integral quantization of quantum field theory
• Quantization of gauge fields
• Observables and propagators
• Perturbation theory and Feynman diagrams
• Vertex functions, the effective potential and symmetry breaking
• Perturbation theory, regularization and renormalization
• Quantum field theory and statistical mechanics
• The renormalization group
• The perturbative renormalization group
• The 1/N expansions
• Phases of gauge theory
• Instantons and solitons
• Anomalies in quantum field theory
• Conformal field theory
• Topological field theory

The only graduate-level textbook on quantum field theory that fully integrates perspectives from high-energy, condensed-matter, and statistical physics Quantum field theory was originally developed to describe quantum electrodynamics and other fundamental problems in high-energy physics, but today has become an invaluable conceptual and mathematical framework for addressing problems across physics, including in condensed-matter and statistical physics. With this expansion of applications has come a new and deeper understanding of quantum field theory-yet this perspective is still rarely reflected in teaching and textbooks on the subject. Developed from a year-long graduate course Eduardo Fradkin has taught for years to students of high-energy, condensed-matter, and statistical physics, this comprehensive textbook provides a fully "multicultural" approach to quantum field theory, covering the full breadth of its applications in one volume. Brings together perspectives from high-energy, condensed-matter, and statistical physics in both the main text and exercises Takes students from basic techniques to the frontiers of physics Pays special attention to the relation between measurements and propagators and the computation of cross sections and response functions Focuses on renormalization and the renormalization group, with an emphasis on fixed points, scale invariance, and their role in quantum field theory and phase transitions Other topics include non-perturbative phenomena, anomalies, and conformal invariance Features numerous examples and extensive problem sets Also serves as an invaluable resource for researchers.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction to gauge theory / A. Haydys
• Knots, polynomials, and categorification / Jacob Rasmussen
• Lecture notes on Heegard Floer homology / Jennifer Hom
• Advanced topics in gauge theory: mathematics and physics of Higgs bundles / Laura P. Schaposnik
• Gauge theory and a few applications to knot theory / Tomasz S. Mrowka and Donghao Wang
• Lectures on invertible field theories / Soren Galatius
• Topological quantum field theories, knots and BPS states / Pavel Putrov
• Lectures on BPS states and spectral networks / Andrew Neitzke

This volume contains lectures from the Graduate Summer School ""Quantum Field Theory and Manifold Invariants"" held at Park City Mathematics Institute 2019. The lectures span topics in topology, global analysis, and physics, and they range from introductory to cutting edge. Topics treated include mathematical gauge theory (anti-self-dual equations, Seiberg-Witten equations, Higgs bundles), classical and categorified knot invariants (Khovanov homology, Heegaard Floer homology), instanton Floer homology, invertible topological field theory, BPS states and spectral networks. This collection presents a rich blend of geometry and topology, with some theoretical physics thrown in as well, and so provides a snapshot of a vibrant and fast-moving field. Graduate students with basic preparation in topology and geometry can use this volume to learn advanced background material before being brought to the frontiers of current developments. Seasoned researchers will also benefit from the systematic presentation of exciting new advances by leaders in their fields.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Foreword / Yuri I. Manin
• Feynman integrals in mathematics and physics / Spencer Bloch
• Feynman integrals and periods in configuration spaces / Özgür Ceyhan and Matilde Marcolli
• Introductory course on l-adic sheaves and their ramification theory on curves / Lars Kindler and Kay Rülling

This is the first volume of the lectures presented at the Clay Mathematics Institute 2014 Summer School, "Periods and Motives: Feynman amplitudes in the 21st century", which took place at the Instituto de Ciencias Matematicas-ICMAT (Institute of Mathematical Sciences) in Madrid, Spain. It covers the presentations by S. Bloch, by M. Marcolli and by L. Kindler and K. Rulling. The main topics of these lectures are Feynman integrals and ramification theory. On the Feynman integrals side, their relation with Hodge structures and heights as well as their monodromy are explained in Bloch's lectures. Two constructions of Feynman integrals on configuration spaces are presented in Ceyhan and Marcolli's notes. On the ramification theory side an introduction to the theory of l -adic sheaves with emphasis on their ramification theory is given. These notes will equip the reader with the necessary background knowledge to read current literature on these subjects.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

The essential primer for physics students who want to build their physical intuition Presented in A. Zee's incomparably engaging style, this book introduces physics students to the practice of using physical reasoning and judicious guesses to get at the crux of a problem. An essential primer for advanced undergraduates and beyond, Fly by Night Physics reveals the simple and effective techniques that researchers use to think through a problem to its solution-or failing that, to smartly guess the answer-before starting any calculations. In typical physics classrooms, students seek to master an enormous toolbox of mathematical methods, which are necessary to do the precise calculations used in physics. Consequently, students often develop the unfortunate impression that physics consists of well-defined problems that can be solved with tightly reasoned and logical steps. Idealized textbook exercises and homework problems reinforce this erroneous impression. As a result, even the best students can find themselves completely unprepared for the challenges of doing actual research. In reality, physics is replete with back of the envelope estimates, order of magnitude guesses, and fly by night leaps of logic. Including exciting problems related to cutting-edge topics in physics, from Hawking radiation to gravity waves, this indispensable book will help students more deeply understand the equations they have learned and develop the confidence to start flying by night to arrive at the answers they seek. For instructors, a solutions manual is available upon request.
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• 1. Fundamental concepts
• 2. Quantum dynamics
• 3. Theory of angular momentum
• 4. Symmetry in quantum mechanics
• 5. Approximation methods
• 6. Scattering theory
• 7. Identical particles
• 8. Relativistic quantum mechanics
• Appendix A. Electromagnetic units
• Appendix B. Elementary solutions to Schroedinger's wave equation
• Appendix C. Hamiltonian for a charge in an electromagnetic field
• Appendix D. Proof of the angular-momentum addition rule (3.8.38)
• Appendix E. Finding Clebsch-Gordan coefficients
• Appendix F. Notes on complex variables.
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Modern Quantum Mechanics is a classic graduate level textbook, covering the main concepts from quantum mechanics in a clear, organized and engaging manner. The original author, J. J. Sakurai, was a renowned particle theorist. This third edition, revised by Jim Napolitano, introduces topics that extend its value into the twenty-first century, such as modern mathematical techniques for advanced quantum mechanical calculations, while at the same time retaining fundamental topics such as neutron interferometer experiments, Feynman path integrals, correlation measurements, and Bell's inequalities. A solutions manual is available.
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• volume 1. Basic concepts, tools, and applications
• volume 2. Angular momentum, spin, and approximation methods
• volume 3. Fermions, bosons, photons, correlations, and entanglement

This new edition of the unrivalled textbook introduces the fundamental concepts of quantum mechanics such as waves, particles and probability before explaining the postulates of quantum mechanics in detail. In the proven didactic manner, the textbook then covers the classical scope of introductory quantum mechanics, namely simple two-level systems, the one-dimensional harmonic oscillator, the quantized angular momentum and particles in a central potential. The entire book has been revised to take into account new developments in quantum mechanics curricula. The textbook retains its typical style also in the new edition: it explains the fundamental concepts in chapters which are elaborated in accompanying complements that provide more detailed discussions, examples and applications. * The quantum mechanics classic in a new edition: written by 1997 Nobel laureate Claude Cohen-Tannoudji and his colleagues Bernard Diu and Franck Laloe * As easily comprehensible as possible: all steps of the physical background and its mathematical representation are spelled out explicitly * Comprehensive: in addition to the fundamentals themselves, the book contains more than 350 worked examples plus exercises Claude Cohen-Tannoudji was a researcher at the Kastler-Brossel laboratory of the Ecole Normale Superieure in Paris where he also studied and received his PhD in 1962. In 1973 he became Professor of atomic and molecular physics at the College des France. His main research interests were optical pumping, quantum optics and atom-photon interactions. In 1997, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, together with Steven Chu and William D. Phillips, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his research on laser cooling and trapping of neutral atoms. Bernard Diu was Professor at the Denis Diderot University (Paris VII). He was engaged in research at the Laboratory of Theoretical Physics and High Energy where his focus was on strong interactions physics and statistical mechanics. Franck Laloe was a researcher at the Kastler-Brossel laboratory of the Ecole Normale Superieure in Paris. His first assignment was with the University of Paris VI before he was appointed to the CNRS, the French National Research Center. His research was focused on optical pumping, statistical mechanics of quantum gases, musical acoustics and the foundations of quantum mechanics.
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This new, third volume of Cohen-Tannoudji's groundbreaking textbook covers advanced topics of quantum mechanics such as uncorrelated and correlated identical particles, the quantum theory of the electromagnetic field, absorption, emission and scattering of photons by atoms, and quantum entanglement. Written in a didactically unrivalled manner, the textbook explains the fundamental concepts in seven chapters which are elaborated in accompanying complements that provide more detailed discussions, examples and applications. * Completing the success story: the third and final volume of the quantum mechanics textbook written by 1997 Nobel laureate Claude Cohen-Tannoudji and his colleagues Bernard Diu and Franck Laloe * As easily comprehensible as possible: all steps of the physical background and its mathematical representation are spelled out explicitly * Comprehensive: in addition to the fundamentals themselves, the books comes with a wealth of elaborately explained examples and applications Claude Cohen-Tannoudji was a researcher at the Kastler-Brossel laboratory of the Ecole Normale Superieure in Paris where he also studied and received his PhD in 1962. In 1973 he became Professor of atomic and molecular physics at the College des France. His main research interests were optical pumping, quantum optics and atom-photon interactions. In 1997, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, together with Steven Chu and William D. Phillips, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his research on laser cooling and trapping of neutral atoms. Bernard Diu was Professor at the Denis Diderot University (Paris VII). He was engaged in research at the Laboratory of Theoretical Physics and High Energy where his focus was on strong interactions physics and statistical mechanics. Franck Laloe was a researcher at the Kastler-Brossel laboratory of the Ecole Normale Superieure in Paris. His first assignment was with the University of Paris VI before he was appointed to the CNRS, the French National Research Center. His research was focused on optical pumping, statistical mechanics of quantum gases, musical acoustics and the foundations of quantum mechanics.
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Speckle, a granular structure appearing in images and diffraction patterns produced by objects that are rough on the scale of an optical wavelength, is a ubiquitous phenomenon, appearing in optics, acoustics, microwaves, and other fields. This book provides comprehensive coverage of this subject, including both the underlying statistical theory and the applications of this phenomenon. This second edition offers improvements of several topics and addition of significant amounts of new material, including discussion of: generalized random walks, speckle in the eye, polarization speckle (and the statistics of the Stokes parameters in a speckle pattern), the effects of angle and wavelength changes on speckle, the statistics of speckle from "smooth" surfaces, and a spectrometer based on speckle. Many new references are also included. As with the first edition, a multitude of areas of application are covered.
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• Preface
• Acknowledgements
• 1. Vectors and functions
• 2. Operators and Eigenfunctions
• 3. The Schroedinger equation
• 4. Solving the Schroedinger equation
• 5. Solutions for specific potentials
• References
• Index.
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Quantum mechanics is a hugely important topic in science and engineering, but many students struggle to understand the abstract mathematical techniques used to solve the Schroedinger equation and to analyze the resulting wave functions. Retaining the popular approach used in Fleisch's other Student's Guides, this friendly resource uses plain language to provide detailed explanations of the fundamental concepts and mathematical techniques underlying the Schroedinger equation in quantum mechanics. It addresses in a clear and intuitive way the problems students find most troublesome. Each chapter includes several homework problems with fully worked solutions. A companion website hosts additional resources, including a helpful glossary, Matlab code for creating key simulations, revision quizzes and a series of videos in which the author explains the most important concepts from each section of the book.
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• Climatic and eco-epidemiological aspects of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Ouarzazate Province, Morocco / Ahmed Karmaoui
• Seasonal distribution of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis, in Middle Draa Valley, south of Morocco / Ahmed Karmaoui, Siham Zerouali
• Water-climate-leishmaniasis nexus in an endemic focus of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis, the Middle Draa Valley, Morocco / Ahmed Karmaoui, Siham Zerouali
• Associations between climate and the activity of the phlebotomus papatasi, vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis / Ahmed Karmaoui, Siham Zerouali
• Environmental vulnerability and the need to establish long-term ecological research network in Morocco (Mo-LTER) / Ahmed Karmaoui, Siham Zerouali
• Drought and desertification, exploring the connections under the young eyes in Moroccan pre-Sahara, Draa Valleys / Ahmed Karmaoui, Siham Zerouali
• Ecological and social drivers of ecosystem vulnerability in Oasis Biome, Morocco / Ahmed Karmaoui
• Biodiversity informatics management initiative in consonance with conservation and ecosystem services in climate change adaptation / Dipankar Saha, R.K. Bhatt
• Climate change, ecosystem services and food security / Samreen Siddiqui

Ecosystems provide services that are crucial and beneficial to the human population. The management and conservation of these services can assure the wellbeing of the local population. Climate Change and Its Impact on Ecosystem Services and Biodiversity in Arid and Semi-Arid Zones is an essential reference source that studies the effects of climate change on biodiversity and ecosystem services in dry regions and examines various strategic local, national, and international policy developments to help overcome these impacts. Featuring research on topics such as poverty reduction, climate change, and adaption policies, this book is ideally designed for environmentalists, policymakers, government officials, academicians, researchers, and technology developers who want to improve their understanding of climate change impact, vulnerability, and sustainability, and the strategic role of adaptation and mitigation.
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• I Preliminaries and Tools
• 1: Introduction
• 2: Symmetries of Space-Time
• 3: Relativistic Wave Equations
• 4: The Hydrogen Atom and Positronium
• 5: The Quark Model
• 6: Detectors of Elementary Particles
• 7: Tools for Calculation II The Strong Interaction
• 8: Electron-Positron Annihilation
• 9: Deep Inelastic Electron Scattering
• 10: The Gluon
• 11: Quantum Chromodynamics
• 12: Partons and Jets
• 13: QCD at Hadron Colliders
• 14: Chiral Symmetry III The Weak Interaction
• 15: The Current-Current Model of the Weak Interaction
• 16: Gauge Theories with Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking
• 17: The W and Z Bosons
• 18: Quark Mixing Angles and Weak Decays
• 19: CP Violation
• 20: Neutrino Masses and Mixings
• 21: The Higgs Boson
• 22: Epilogue.
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The purpose of this textbook is to explain the Standard Model of particle physics to a student with an undergraduate preparation in physics. Today we can claim to have a fundamental picture of the strong and weak subnuclear forces. Through an interplay between theory and experiment, we have learned the basic equations through which these forces operate, and we have tested these equations against observations at particle accelerators. The story is beautiful and full of surprises. Using a simplified presentation that does not assume prior knowledge of quantum field theory, this book begins from basic concepts of special relativity and quantum mechanics, describes the key experiments that have clarified the structure of elementary particle interactions, introduces the crucial theoretical concepts, and builds up to the full description of elementary particle interactions as we know them today.
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• A first look at the mass-critical problem
• The cubic NLS in dimensions three and four
• The energy-critical problem in higher dimensions
• Mass-critical NLS problem in higher dimensions
• Low-dimensional well-posedness results.

• Classical models of light
• Photons : the motivation to go beyond classical optics
• Quantum odels of light
• Basic optical components
• Lasers and amplifiers
• Photon generation and detection
• Quantum noise : basic measurements and techniques
• Squeezed light
• Applications of quantum light
• QND
• Fundamental tests of quantum mechanics --Quantum information
• The future : from Q-demonstrations to Q-technologies
• Appendix A : List of quantum operators, states, and functions
• Appendix B: Calculation of the quantum properties of a feedback loop
• Appendix C : Detection of signal and noise with an ESA reference
• Appendix D : An example of analogue processing of photocurrents
• Appendix E : Symbols and abbreviations

Provides fully updated coverage of new experiments in quantum optics This fully revised and expanded edition of a well-established textbook on experiments on quantum optics covers new concepts, results, procedures, and developments in state-of-the-art experiments. It starts with the basic building blocks and ideas of quantum optics, then moves on to detailed procedures and new techniques for each experiment. Focusing on metrology, communications, and quantum logic, this new edition also places more emphasis on single photon technology and hybrid detection. In addition, it offers end-of-chapter summaries and full problem sets throughout. Beginning with an introduction to the subject, A Guide to Experiments in Quantum Optics, 3rd Edition presents readers with chapters on classical models of light, photons, quantum models of light, as well as basic optical components. It goes on to give readers full coverage of lasers and amplifiers, and examines numerous photodetection techniques being used today. Other chapters examine quantum noise, squeezing experiments, the application of squeezed light, and fundamental tests of quantum mechanics. The book finishes with a section on quantum information before summarizing of the contents and offering an outlook on the future of the field. -Provides all new updates to the field of quantum optics, covering the building blocks, models and concepts, latest results, detailed procedures, and modern experiments -Places emphasis on three major goals: metrology, communications, and quantum logic -Presents fundamental tests of quantum mechanics (Schrodinger Kitten, multimode entanglement, photon systems as quantum emulators), and introduces the density function -Includes new trends and technologies in quantum optics and photodetection, new results in sensing and metrology, and more coverage of quantum gates and logic, cluster states, waveguides for multimodes, discord and other quantum measures, and quantum control -Offers end of chapter summaries and problem sets as new features A Guide to Experiments in Quantum Optics, 3rd Edition is an ideal book for professionals, and graduate and upper level students in physics and engineering science.
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• Introduction
• The Direct Scattering Problem
• The Inverse Scattering Problem
• The Helmholtz Equation
• Acoustic Waves
• Green's Theorem and Formula
• Spherical Harmonics
• Spherical Bessel Functions
• The Far Field Pattern
• Direct Acoustic Obstacle Scattering
• Single- and Double-Layer Potentials
• Scattering from a Sound-Soft Obstacle
• Impedance Boundary Conditions
• Herglotz Wave Functions and the Far Field Operator
• The Two-Dimensional Case
• On the Numerical Solution in R2
• On the Numerical Solution in R3
• Ill-Posed Problems
• The Concept of Ill-Posedness
• Regularization Methods
• Singular Value Decomposition
• Tikhonov Regularization
• Nonlinear Operators
• Inverse Acoustic Obstacle Scattering
• Uniqueness
• Physical Optics Approximation
• Continuity and Differentiability of the Far Field Mapping
• Iterative Solution Methods
• Decomposition Methods
• Sampling Methods
• The Maxwell Equations
• Electromagnetic Waves
• Green's Theorem and Formula
• Vector Potentials
• Scattering from a Perfect Conductor
• Vector Wave Functions
• Herglotz Pairs and the Far Field Operator
• Inverse Electromagnetic Obstacle Scattering
• Uniqueness
• Continuity and Differentiability of the Far Field Mapping
• Iterative Solution Methods
• Decomposition Methods
• Sampling Methods
• Acoustic Waves in an Inhomogeneous Medium
• Physical Background
• The Lippmann-Schwinger Equation
• The Unique Continuation Principle
• The Far Field Pattern
• The Analytic Fredholm Theory
• Transmission Eigenvalues
• Numerical Methods
• Electromagnetic Waves in an Inhomogeneous Medium
• Physical Background
• Existence and Uniqueness
• The Far Field Patterns
• The Spherically Stratified Dielectric Medium
• The Exterior Impedance Boundary Value Problem
• Transmission Eigenvalues
• Existence of Transmission Eigenvalues
• Integral Equation Methods for Transmission Eigenvalues
• Complex Transmission Eigenvalues for Spherically Stratified Media
• The Inverse Spectral Problem for Transmission Eigenvalues
• Modified Transmission Eigenvalues and Their Use as Target Signatures
• The Inverse Medium Problem
• The Inverse Medium Problem for Acoustic Waves
• Uniqueness
• Iterative Solution Methods
• Decomposition Methods
• Sampling Methods
• The Inverse Medium Problem for Electromagnetic Waves
• Remarks on Anisotropic Media
• Numerical Examples
• References
• Index

The inverse scattering problem is central to many areas of science and technology such as radar and sonar, medical imaging and geophysical exploration. This text is devoted to the mathematical and numerical analysis of the inverse scattering problem for acoustic and electromagnetic waves.
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The inverse scattering problem is central to many areas of science and technology such as radar and sonar, medical imaging, geophysical exploration and nondestructive testing. This book is devoted to the mathematical and numerical analysis of the inverse scattering problem for acoustic and electromagnetic waves. In this third edition, new sections have been added on the linear sampling and factorization methods for solving the inverse scattering problem as well as expanded treatments of iteration methods and uniqueness theorems for the inverse obstacle problem. These additions have in turn required an expanded presentation of both transmission eigenvalues and boundary integral equations in Sobolev spaces. As in the previous editions, emphasis has been given to simplicity over generality thus providing the reader with an accessible introduction to the field of inverse scattering theory. Review of earlier editions: "Colton and Kress have written a scholarly, state of the art account of their view of direct and inverse scattering. The book is a pleasure to read as a graduate text or to dip into at leisure. It suggests a number of open problems and will be a source of inspiration for many years to come." SIAM Review, September 1994 "This book should be on the desk of any researcher, any student, any teacher interested in scattering theory." Mathematical Intelligencer, June 1994.
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The inverse scattering problem is central to many areas of science and technology such as radar, sonar, medical imaging, geophysical exploration and nondestructive testing. This book is devoted to the mathematical and numerical analysis of the inverse scattering problem for acoustic and electromagnetic waves. In this fourth edition, a number of significant additions have been made including a new chapter on transmission eigenvalues and a new section on the impedance boundary condition where particular attention has been made to the generalized impedance boundary condition and to nonlocal impedance boundary conditions. Brief discussions on the generalized linear sampling method, the method of recursive linearization, anisotropic media and the use of target signatures in inverse scattering theory have also been added.
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This book is devoted to the mathematical and numerical analysis of the inverse scattering problem for acoustic and electromagnetic waves. The second edition includes material on Newton's method for the inverse obstacle problem, an elegant proof of uniqueness for the inverse medium problem, a discussion of the spectral theory of the far field operator and a method for determining the support of an inhomogeneous medium from far field data.
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• Fourier series Fourier transform Convolution Distributions and their Fourier transforms $\delta$ hard at work Sampling and interpolation Discrete Fourier transform Linear time-invariant systems $n$-Dimensional Fourier transform A list of mathematical topics that are fair game Complex numbers and complex exponentials Geometric sums Index.
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This book is derived from lecture notes for a course on Fourier analysis for engineering and science students at the advanced undergraduate or beginning graduate level. Beyond teaching specific topics and techniques--all of which are important in many areas of engineering and science--the author's goal is to help engineering and science students cultivate more advanced mathematical know-how and increase confidence in learning and using mathematics, as well as appreciate the coherence of the subject. He promises the readers a little magic on every page. The section headings are all recognizable to mathematicians, but the arrangement and emphasis are directed toward students from other disciplines. The material also serves as a foundation for advanced courses in signal processing and imaging. There are over 200 problems, many of which are oriented to applications, and a number use standard software. An unusual feature for courses meant for engineers is a more detailed and accessible treatment of distributions and the generalized Fourier transform. There is also more coverage of higher-dimensional phenomena than is found in most books at this level.
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• Overview of condensed matter physics
• Spatial structure
• Lattices and symmetries
• Neutron scattering
• Dynamics of lattice vibrations
• Quantum theory of harmonic crystals
• Electronic structure of crystals
• Semiclassical transport theory
• Semiconductors
• Non-local transport in mesoscopic systems
• Anderson localization
• Integer quantum Hall effect
• Topology and Berry phase
• Topological insulators and semimetals
• Interacting electrons
• Fractional quantum Hall effect
• Magnetism
• Bose-Einstein condensation and superfluidity
• Superconductivity: basic phenomena and phenomenological theories
• Microscopic theory of superconductivity

Modern Condensed Matter Physics brings together the most important advances in the field of recent decades. It provides instructors teaching graduate-level condensed matter courses with a comprehensive and in-depth textbook that will prepare graduate students for research or further study as well as reading more advanced and specialized books and research literature in the field. This textbook covers the basics of crystalline solids as well as analogous optical lattices and photonic crystals, while discussing cutting-edge topics such as disordered systems, mesoscopic systems, many-body systems, quantum magnetism, Bose-Einstein condensates, quantum entanglement, and superconducting quantum bits. Students are provided with the appropriate mathematical background to understand the topological concepts that have been permeating the field, together with numerous physical examples ranging from the fractional quantum Hall effect to topological insulators, the toric code, and majorana fermions. Exercises, commentary boxes, and appendices afford guidance and feedback for beginners and experts alike

• List of Figures xiii List of Tables xxv Preface xxvii Acknowledgments xxxi 1 Introduction to Rotational, Fine, and Hyperfine Structure of Molecular Radicals 1 1.1 Why Molecules are Complex 1 1.2 Separation of Scales 3 1.2.1 Electronic Energy 5 1.2.2 Vibrational Energy 10 1.2.3 Rotational and Fine Structure 14 1.3 Rotation of a Molecule 17 1.4 Hund's Cases 21 1.4.1 Hund's Coupling Case (a) 21 1.4.2 Hund's Coupling Case (b) 22 1.4.3 Hund's Coupling Case (c) 23 1.5 Parity of Molecular States 23 1.6 General Notation for Molecular States 27 1.7 Hyperfine Structure of Molecules 28 1.7.1 Magnetic Interactions with Nuclei 28 1.7.2 Fermi Contact Interaction 29 1.7.3 Long-Range Magnetic Dipole Interaction 30 1.7.4 Electric Quadrupole Hyperfine Interaction 31 Exercises 31 2 DCStarkEffect 35 2.1 Electric Field Perturbations 35 2.2 Electric Dipole Moment 37 2.3 Linear and Quadratic Stark Shifts 40 2.4 Stark Shifts of Rotational Levels 42 2.4.1 Molecules in a 1 Electronic State 42 2.4.2 Molecules in a 2 Electronic State 46 2.4.3 Molecules in a 3 Electronic State 48 2.4.4 Molecules in a 1 Electronic State - -Doubling 51 2.4.5 Molecules in a 2 Electronic State 54 Exercises 56 3 Zeeman Effect 59 3.1 The Electron Spin 59 3.1.1 The Dirac Equation 60 3.2 Zeeman Energy of a Moving Electron 63 3.3 Magnetic Dipole Moment 64 3.4 Zeeman Operator in the Molecule-Fixed Frame 66 3.5 Zeeman Shifts of Rotational Levels 67 3.5.1 Molecules in a 2 State 67 3.5.2 Molecules in a 2 Electronic State 71 3.5.3 Isolated States 74 3.6 Nuclear Zeeman Effect 75 3.6.1 Zeeman Effect in a 1 Molecule 76 Exercises 78 4 ACStarkEffect 81 4.1 Periodic Hamiltonians 82 4.2 The Floquet Theory 84 4.2.1 Floquet Matrix 88 4.2.2 Time Evolution Operator 89 4.2.3 Brief Summary of Floquet Theory Results 90 4.3 Two-Mode Floquet Theory 92 4.4 RotatingWave Approximation 94 4.5 Dynamic Dipole Polarizability 96 4.5.1 Polarizability Tensor 97 4.5.2 Dipole Polarizability of a DiatomicMolecule 99 4.5.3 Rotational vs Vibrational vs Electronic Polarizability 101 4.6 Molecules in an Off-Resonant Laser Field 104 4.7 Molecules in a Microwave Field 107 4.8 Molecules in a Quantized Field 109 4.8.1 Field Quantization 109 4.8.2 Interaction of Molecules with Quantized Field 116 4.8.3 Quantized Field vs Floquet Theory 117 Exercises 118 5 Molecular Rotations Under Control 121 5.1 Orientation and Alignment 122 5.1.1 OrientingMolecular Axis in Laboratory Frame 123 5.1.2 Quantum Pendulum 126 5.1.3 Pendular States of Molecules 129 5.1.4 Alignment of Molecules by Intense Laser Fields 131 5.2 Molecular Centrifuge 136 5.3 OrientingMolecules Matters -Which Side Chemistry 140 5.4 Conclusion 142 Exercises 142 6 External Field Traps 145 6.1 Deflection and Focusing of Molecular Beams 146 6.2 Electric (and Magnetic) Slowing of Molecular Beams 151 6.3 Earnshaw'sTheorem 155 6.4 Electric Traps 158 6.5 Magnetic Traps 162 6.6 Optical Dipole Trap 165 6.7 Microwave Trap 167 6.8 Optical Lattices 168 6.9 Some Applications of External Field Traps 171 Exercises 173 7 Molecules in Superimposed Fields 175 7.1 Effects of Combined DC Electric andMagnetic Fields 175 7.1.1 Linear Stark Effect at Low Fields 175 7.1.2 Imaging of Radio-Frequency Fields 178 7.2 Effects of Combined DC and AC Electric Fields 181 7.2.1 Enhancement of Orientation by Laser Fields 181 7.2.2 Tug ofWar Between DC and Microwave Fields 182 8 Molecular Collisions in External Fields 187 8.1 Coupled-ChannelTheory of Molecular Collisions 188 8.1.1 A Very General Formulation 188 8.1.2 Boundary Conditions 191 8.1.3 Scattering Amplitude 194 8.1.4 Scattering Cross
• Section 197 8.1.5 Scattering of Identical Molecules 200 8.1.6 Numerical Integration of Coupled-Channel Equations 204 8.2 Interactions with External Fields 208 8.2.1 Coupled-Channel Equations in Arbitrary Basis 208 8.2.2 External Field Couplings 209 8.3 The Arthurs-Dalgarno Representation 211 8.4 Scattering Rates 214 9 Matrix Elements of Collision Hamiltonians 217 9.1 Wigner-EckartTheorem 218 9.2 Spherical Tensor Contraction 220 9.3 Collisions in a Magnetic Field 221 9.3.1 Collisions of 1S-Atoms with 2 -Molecules 221 9.3.2 Collisions of 1S-Atoms with 3 -Molecules 225 9.4 Collisions in an Electric Field 229 9.4.1 Collisions of 2 Molecules with 1S Atoms 229 9.5 Atom-Molecule Collisions in a Microwave Field 232 9.6 Total Angular Momentum Representation for Collisions in Fields 234 10 Field-Induced Scattering Resonances 239 10.1 Feshbach vs Shape Resonances 239 10.2 The Green's Operator in Scattering Theory 242 10.3 Feshbach Projection Operators 243 10.4 Resonant Scattering 246 10.5 Calculation of Resonance Locations andWidths 249 10.5.1 Single Open Channel 249 10.5.2 Multiple Open Channels 249 10.6 Locating Field-Induced Resonances 252 11 Field Control of Molecular Collisions 257 11.1 Why to Control Molecular Collisions 257 11.2 Molecular Collisions are Difficult to Control 259 11.3 General Mechanisms for External Field Control 261 11.4 Resonant Scattering 261 11.5 Zeeman and Stark Relaxation at Zero Collision Energy 264 11.6 Effect of Parity Breaking in Combined Fields 269 11.7 Differential Scattering in Electromagnetic Fields 271 11.8 Collisions in Restricted Geometries 272 11.8.1 Threshold Scattering of Molecules in Two Dimensions 276 11.8.2 Collisions in a Quasi-Two-Dimensional Geometry 280 12 Ultracold Controlled Chemistry 283 12.1 Can Chemistry Happen at Zero Kelvin? 284 12.2 Ultracold Stereodynamics 287 12.3 Molecular Beams Under Control 289 12.4 Reactions in Magnetic Traps 289 12.5 Ultracold Chemistry - The Why and What's Next? 291 12.5.1 Practical Importance of Ultracold Chemistry? 291 12.5.2 Fundamental Importance of Ultracold Controlled Chemistry 293 12.5.3 A Brief Outlook 294 A Unit Conversion Factors 297 B Addition of AngularMomenta 299 B.1 The Clebsch-Gordan Coefficients 301 B.2 TheWigner 3j-Symbols 303 B.3 The Raising and Lowering Operators 304 C Direction Cosine Matrix 307 D Wigner D-Functions 309 D.1 Matrix elements involving D-functions 311 E Spherical tensors 315 E.1 Scalar and Vector Products of Vectors in Spherical Basis 317 E.2 Scalar and Tensor Products of Spherical Tensors 318 References 321 Index 347.
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A tutorial for calculating the response of molecules to electric and magnetic fields with examples from research in ultracold physics, controlled chemistry, and molecular collisions in fields Molecules in Electromagnetic Fields is intended to serve as a tutorial for students beginning research, theoretical or experimental, in an area related to molecular physics. The author-a noted expert in the field-offers a systematic discussion of the effects of static and dynamic electric and magnetic fields on the rotational, fine, and hyperfine structure of molecules. The book illustrates how the concepts developed in ultracold physics research have led to what may be the beginning of controlled chemistry in the fully quantum regime. Offering a glimpse of the current state of the art research, this book suggests future research avenues for ultracold chemistry. The text describes theories needed to understand recent exciting developments in the research on trapping molecules, guiding molecular beams, laser control of molecular rotations, and external field control of microscopic intermolecular interactions. In addition, the author presents the description of scattering theory for molecules in electromagnetic fields and offers practical advice for students working on various aspects of molecular interactions. This important text: Offers information on theeffects of electromagnetic fields on the structure of molecular energy levels Includes thorough descriptions of the most useful theories for ultracold molecule researchers Presents a wealth of illustrative examples from recent experimental and theoretical work Contains helpful exercises that help to reinforce concepts presented throughout text Written for senior undergraduate and graduate students, professors, researchers, physicists, physical chemists, and chemical physicists, Molecules in Electromagnetic Fields is an interdisciplinary text describing theories and examples from the core of contemporary molecular physics. .
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This book introduces the reader to the quantum theories needed to describe the interactions of diatomic molecules with electromagnetic fields and systematically discusses the effects of static and dynamic electric and magnetic fields on the rotational, fine, and hyperfine structure of molecules. It illustrates how the concepts developed in ultracold physics research have lead to what may be the beginning of controlled chemistry in the fully quantum regime. The theories described are applied to discuss examples from research on trapping molecules in electromagnetic fields, laser control of molecular rotations and external field control of microscopic intermolecular interactions. The book presents the description of scattering theory for molecules in electromagnetic fields and is written to be a practical guide for students working on various aspects of molecular interactions.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

Although hints of a crisis appeared as early as the 1570s, the temperature by the end of the sixteenth century plummeted so drastically that Mediterranean harbors were covered with ice, birds literally dropped out of the sky, and "frost fairs" were erected on a frozen Thames-with kiosks, taverns, and even brothels that become a semi-permanent part of the city. Recounting the deep legacy and far-ranging consequences of this "Little Ice Age, " acclaimed historian Philipp Blom reveals how the European landscape had suddenly, but ineradicably, changed by the mid-seventeenth century. While apocalyptic weather patterns destroyed entire harvests and incited mass migrations, they gave rise to the growth of European cities, the emergence of early capitalism, and the vigorous stirrings of the Enlightenment. A timely examination of how a society responds to profound and unexpected change, Nature's Mutiny will transform the way we think about climate change in the twenty-first century and beyond.
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• Preface
• Making the impossible possible. Impossible! ; The Penrose puzzle ; Finding the loophole ; A tale of two laboratories ; Something exciting to show you ; Perfectly impossible
• The quest begins. Did nature beat us? ; Luca ; Quasi-happy new year ; When you say impossible ; Blue team vs. red team ; A capricious if not overtly malicious God ; The secret secret diary ; Valery Kryachko ; Something rare surrounding something impossible ; Icosahedrite
• Kamchatka or bust. Lost ; Found ; Ninety-nine percent ; Beating the odds ; L'uomo dei miracoli ; Nature's secret.

"One of the most fascinating scientific detective stories of the last fifty years, an exciting quest for a new form of matter. The Second Kind of Impossible reads like James Gleick's Chaos combined with an Indiana Jones adventure"-- Provided by publisher.
"One or the most stunning scientific detective stories of the last fifty years--like James Gleick's Chaos wrapped in an Indiana Jones adventure. When world-renowned physicist Paul Steinhardt began his career in the 1980s, scientists thought they had identified all the possible types of matter. The issue had been settled science for centuries. But when Steinhardt pursued a wild fantasy he first imagined as a curious teenager, it led to a radical new theory, predicting an astonishing form of matter that broke all the established rules. The breakthrough would launch him on a thirty-five-year quest to prove the substance's existence in the natural world. [This] is the untold story of Steinhardt's odyssey and a candid account of the brilliant, and often bruising, battles that take place behind the scenes of scientific progress. Steinhardt and his stellar team of researchers encounter international smugglers, corrupt scientists, secret diaries, fraudulent traders, political intrigue, and Russian security agents. Their search culminates in a daring expedition to one of the most inhospitable regions on Earth, pursuing tiny fragments of a meteorite forged at the birth of the solar system. Steinhardt and his team chart a new direction in science. They not only change our ideas about the fundamentals of matter but also reveal new truths about the processes that shaped our solar system. The underlying science is deceptively simple, unexpectedly beautiful, and nothing short of revolutionary. Steinhardt's firsthand account is a scientific thriller of the first order."--Dust jacket.

• Classical string theory
• Quantization of bosonic strings
• Conformal field theory
• Scattering amplitudes and vertex operators
• Strings in background fields
• Superstrings and supersymmetry
• D-branes
• Compactification and supersymmetry breaking
• Loop corrections to string effective couplings
• Duality connections and nonperturbative effects
• Compactifications with fluxes
• Black holes and entropy in string theory
• The bulk/boundary (holographic) correspondence
• Applications of the holographic correspondence
• String theory and matrix models
• Appendix A : Two-dimensional complex geometry
• Appendix B : Differential forms
• Appendix C : Conformal transformations and curvature
• Appendix D: Theta and other elliptic functions
• Appendix E : Toroidal lattice sums
• Appendix F : Toroidal Kaluza-Klein reduction
• Appendix G : The Reissner-Nordström black hole
• Appendix H : Electric-magnetic duality in D = 4
• Appendix I : Supersymmetric actions in ten and eleven dimensions
• Appendix J : N = 1,2, four-dimensional supergravity coupled to matter
• Appendix K : BPS multiplets in four dimensions
• Appendix L : The geometry of anti-de Sitter space

The essential introduction to modern string theory-now fully expanded and revised String Theory in a Nutshell is the definitive introduction to modern string theory. Written by one of the world's leading authorities on the subject, this concise and accessible book starts with basic definitions and guides readers from classic topics to the most exciting frontiers of research today. It covers perturbative string theory, the unity of string interactions, black holes and their microscopic entropy, the AdS/CFT correspondence and its applications, matrix model tools for string theory, and more. It also includes 600 exercises and serves as a self-contained guide to the literature. This fully updated edition features an entirely new chapter on flux compactifications in string theory, and the chapter on AdS/CFT has been substantially expanded by adding many applications to diverse topics. In addition, the discussion of conformal field theory has been extensively revised to make it more student-friendly. The essential one-volume reference for students and researchers in theoretical high-energy physics Now fully expanded and revised Provides expanded coverage of AdS/CFT and its applications, namely the holographic renormalization group, holographic theories for Yang-Mills and QCD, nonequilibrium thermal physics, finite density physics, and entanglement entropy Ideal for mathematicians and physicists specializing in theoretical cosmology, QCD, and novel approaches to condensed matter systems An online illustration package is available to professors.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Vectors, tensors and functions
• 3. Manifolds, vectors and differentiation
• 4. Energy, momentum and Einstein's equations
• Appendix A. Special relativity - a brief introduction
• Appendix B. Solutions to Einstein's equations
• Appendix C. Notation
• Bibliography
• Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This compact guide presents the key features of general relativity, to support and supplement the presentation in mainstream, more comprehensive undergraduate textbooks, or as a re-cap of essentials for graduate students pursuing more advanced studies. It helps students plot a careful path to understanding the core ideas and basics of differential geometry, as applied to general relativity, without overwhelming them. While the guide doesn't shy away from necessary technicalities, it emphasises the essential simplicity of the main physical arguments. Presuming a familiarity with special relativity (with a brief account in an appendix), it describes how general covariance and the equivalence principle motivate Einstein's theory of gravitation. It then introduces differential geometry and the covariant derivative as the mathematical technology which allows us to understand Einstein's equations of general relativity. The book is supported by numerous worked exampled and problems, and important applications of general relativity are described in an appendix.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Prologue: listening to the universe
• Mathematics drives away the cloud
• Shining the torch on electricity and magnetism
• Shining the torch on gravity again
• Quantum mathematics
• The long divorce
• Revolution
• Bad company?
• Jokes and magic lead to the string
• Strung together
• Thinking their way to the Millenium
• Diamonds in the rough
• The best possible times.

How math helps us solve the universe's deepest mysteries One of the great insights of science is that the universe has an underlying order. The supreme goal of physicists is to understand this order through laws that describe the behavior of the most basic particles and the forces between them. For centuries, we have searched for these laws by studying the results of experiments. Since the 1970s, however, experiments at the world's most powerful atom-smashers have offered few new clues. So some of the world's leading physicists have looked to a different source of insight: modern mathematics. These physicists are sometimes accused of doing 'fairy-tale physics', unrelated to the real world. But in The Universe Speaks in Numbers, award-winning science writer and biographer Farmelo argues that the physics they are doing is based squarely on the well-established principles of quantum theory and relativity, and part of a tradition dating back to Isaac Newton. With unprecedented access to some of the world's greatest scientific minds, Farmelo offers a vivid, behind-the-scenes account of the blossoming relationship between mathematics and physics and the research that could revolutionize our understanding of reality. A masterful account of the some of the most groundbreaking ideas in physics in the past four decades. The Universe Speaks in Numbers is essential reading for anyone interested in the quest to discover the fundamental laws of nature.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Calculation
• Calculating the weather
• The forecast factories
• Observation
• The weather on earth
• Looking down
• Going around
• Blasting off
• Simulation
• The mountaintop
• The euro
• The app
• The good forecast
• Preservation
• The weather diplomats.

"From the acclaimed author of Tubes, a lively and surprising tour of the infrastructure behind the weather forecast, the people who built it, and what it reveals about our climate and our planet. The weather is the foundation of our daily lives. It's a staple of small talk, the app on our smartphones, and often the first thing we check each morning. Yet behind these quotidian interactions is one of the most expansive machines human beings have ever constructed -- a triumph of science, technology and global cooperation. But what is this 'weather machine' and who created it? In The Weather Machine, Andrew Blum takes readers on a fascinating journey through an everyday miracle. In a quest to understand how the forecast works, he visits old weather stations and watches new satellites blast off. He follows the dogged efforts of scientists to create a supercomputer model of the atmosphere and traces the surprising history of the algorithms that power their work. He discovers that we have quietly entered a golden age of meteorology -- our tools allow us to predict weather more accurately than ever, and yet we haven't learned to trust them, nor can we guarantee the fragile international alliances that allow our modern weather machine to exist. Written with the sharp wit and infectious curiosity Andrew Blum is known for, The Weather Machine pulls back the curtain on a universal part of our everyday lives, illuminating our relationships with technology, the planet, and the global community" -- Jacket.

• 1. Introduction to modern methods for classical and quantum fields in general relativity Thierry Daude, Dietrich Hafner and Jean-Philippe Nicolas
• 2. Geometry of black hole spacetimes Lars Andersson, Thomas Backdahl and Pieter Blue
• 3. An introduction to confirmal geometry and tractor calculus, with a view to applications in general relativity Sean N. Curry and A. Rod Gover
• 4. An introduction to quantum field theory on curved spacetimes Christian Gerard
• 5. A minicourse on microlocal analysis for wave propagation Andras Vasy.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This volume compiles notes from four mini courses given at the summer school on asymptotic analysis in general relativity, held at the Institut Fourier in Grenoble, France. It contains an up-to-date panorama of modern techniques in the asymptotic analysis of classical and quantum fields in general relativity. Accessible to graduate students, these notes gather results that were not previously available in textbooks or monographs and will be of wider interest to researchers in general relativity. The topics of these mini courses are: the geometry of black hole spacetimes; an introduction to quantum field theory on curved spacetimes; conformal geometry and tractor calculus; and microlocal analysis for wave propagation.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Prologue: The journey begins
• Expedition I: Sea legs. Setting sail ; The ocean wave ... ; ... Or particle? ; Traveling in the quantum field
• Expedition II: Atom land. Atoms ; Going subatomic: the electron ; Nuclear options ; The source of chemistry
• Expedition III: The Isle of Leptons, and roads onward. Electromagnetism ; Invariance and relativity ; The good ship Dirac ; Spin and antimatter ; The electron's overweight siblings ; Rest stop
• Gravity: a distant diversion. The weakest force ; Planes and merry-go-rounds ; Different, yet somehow, the same ; Ripples in the space-time continuum
• Expedition IV: Great train journeys. Protons, neutrons, and the nucleus ; Hadrons ; Quarks and the strong force ; Life beyond the bridge ; Flavors and generations
• Expedition V: The Isles by air. The weak force ; Parity, helicity, and chirality ; Mixed messages ; North from South
• Expedition VI: The remote neutrino sector. Massless matter? ; The standard model is dead ; long live the standard model! ; Neutrino badlands
• Expedition VII: Into Bosonia. Symmetry and conservation ; Symmetry and bosons ; Virtual particles and the defense against infinity ; Mass and hidden symmetry ; Electroweak symmetry breaking ; Hunting the Higgs
• Expedition VIII: Far East. Why go? ; Clues and constraints ; Sea monsters and dark matters ; Supersymmetry ; Into another dimension? ; Over the edge ; A fifth force ; Into the cosmos

"This book brings the impossibly small world of particle physics to life, taking readers on a guided journey through the subatomic world. With maps to help "guide" the reader through "Atom Land" along the way, as they learn about "electron ports," "boson continents," "hadron islands," and more"-- Provided by publisher

Until now, popular science has relegated the atom to a supporting role in defining the different chemical elements of the periodic table. This bold new title places its subject center stage, shining the spotlight directly onto the structure and properties of this tiniest amount of anything it is possible to identify. The book covers a huge range of topics, including the development of scientific thinking about the atom, the basic structure of the atom, how the interactions between atoms account for the familiar properties of everyday materials; the power and mystery of the atomic nucleus, and what the mysterious quantum realm of subatomic particles and their interactions can tell us about the very nature of reality. Sparkling text banishes an outdated world of dull chemistry, as it brightly introduces the reader to what everything is made of and how it all works, on the most fundamental level.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction.- The Concept of the Atom.- Development of Quantum Physics.- Basic Concepts of Quantum Mechanics.- The Hydrogen Atom.- Atoms with More Than One Electron.- Emission and Absorption of Electromagnetic Radiation by Atoms.- Lasers.- Diatomic Molecules.- Polyatomic Molecules.- Experimental Techniques in Atomic and Molecular Physics.- Modern Developments in Atomic and Molecular Physics.- Chronological Table for the Development of Atomic and Molecular Physics.- Solutions to the Exercises.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This introduction to Atomic and Molecular Physics explains how our present model of atoms and molecules has been developed over the last two centuries both by many experimental discoveries and, from the theoretical side, by the introduction of quantum physics to the adequate description of micro-particles. It illustrates the wave model of particles by many examples and shows the limits of classical description. The interaction of electromagnetic radiation with atoms and molecules and its potential for spectroscopy is outlined in more detail and in particular lasers as modern spectroscopic tools are discussed more thoroughly. Many examples and problems with solutions are offered to encourage readers to actively engage in applying and adapting the fundamental physics presented in this textbook to specific situations. Completely revised third edition with new sections covering all actual developments, like photonics, ultrashort lasers, ultraprecise frequency combs, free electron lasers, cooling and trapping of atoms, quantum optics and quantum information.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Beginnings
• It's not what it used to be
• The Arctic stirs
• Unaami
• Epiphany
• Rude awakenings
• Looking ahead.

An insider account of how researchers unraveled the mystery of the thawing Arctic In the 1990s, researchers in the Arctic noticed that floating summer sea ice had begun receding. This was accompanied by shifts in ocean circulation and unexpected changes in weather patterns throughout the world. The Arctic's perennially frozen ground, known as permafrost, was warming, and treeless tundra was being overtaken by shrubs. What was going on? Brave New Arctic is Mark Serreze's riveting firsthand account of how scientists from around the globe came together to find answers. In a sweeping tale of discovery spanning three decades, Serreze describes how puzzlement turned to concern and astonishment as researchers came to understand that the Arctic of old was quickly disappearing--with potentially devastating implications for the entire planet. Serreze is a world-renowned Arctic geographer and climatologist who has conducted fieldwork on ice caps, glaciers, sea ice, and tundra in the Canadian and Alaskan Arctic. In this must-read book, he blends invaluable insights from his own career with those of other pioneering scientists who, together, ushered in an exciting new age of Arctic exploration. Along the way, he accessibly describes the cutting-edge science that led to the alarming conclusion that the Arctic is rapidly thawing due to climate change, that humans are to blame, and that the global consequences are immense. A gripping scientific adventure story, Brave New Arctic shows how the Arctic's extraordinary transformation serves as a harbinger of things to come if we fail to meet the challenge posed by a warming Earth.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• A Neurologist Walks in Princeton April 18, 1955 What the Neuropathologist Knew ... And Didn't Know The Lost Decades (1955-1985), the Cider Box, and the Microscope The Exceptional Brain(s) of Albert Einstein How Does a Genius Think? The Pursuit of Genius Where Do We Go From Here? (And Where Have We Been?).
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Albert Einstein remains the quintessential icon of modern genius. Like Newton and many others, his seminal work in physics includes the Theory of General Relativity and perhaps the most famous equation of all time: E = mc2. Following his death in 1955, Einstein's brain was removed and preserved, but has never been fully or systematically studied. In fact, the sections are not even all in one place, and some are mysteriously unaccounted for! In this compelling tale, Frederick E. Lepore delves into the strange, elusive afterlife of Einstein's brain and what it represents for brain and/or intelligence studies. This "biography of a brain" explores how Einstein's brain anatomy was truly exceptional, and how "found" photographs of his brain-discovered more than a half a century after his death-begin to explain the brain of a genius.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1 Preface 2 Introduction
• I Basics of group theory 3 Symmetry operations and transformations of fields 4 Basic abstract group theory 5 Discrete symmetry groups for solid state physics and photonics 6 Representation theory 7 Symmetry in k-space
• II Applications in electronic structure theory 8 Solution of the Schroedinger equation 9 Generalization to include the spin 10 Electronic energy bands
• III Applications in photonics 11 Solution of Maxwell's equations 12 Twodimensional photonic crystals 13 Threedimensional photonic crystals 14 Other Applications
• A Mathematica Package Reference B Connection of the group theory package to MPB and MEEP.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface VII
• 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Symmetries in Solid-State Physics and Photonics 4 1.2 A Basic Example: Symmetries of a Square 6 Part One Basics of Group Theory 9
• 2 Symmetry Operations and Transformations of Fields 11 2.1 Rotations and Translations 11 2.1.1 Rotation Matrices 13 2.1.2 Euler Angles 16 2.1.3 Euler-Rodrigues Parameters and Quaternions 18 2.1.4 Translations and General Transformations 23 2.2 Transformation of Fields 25 2.2.1 Transformation of Scalar Fields and Angular Momentum 26 2.2.2 Transformation of Vector Fields and Total Angular Momentum 27 2.2.3 Spinors 28
• 3 Basics Abstract Group Theory 33 3.1 Basic Definitions 33 3.1.1 Isomorphism and Homomorphism 38 3.2 Structure of Groups 39 3.2.1 Classes 40 3.2.2 Cosets and Normal Divisors 42 3.3 Quotient Groups 46 3.4 Product Groups 48
• 4 Discrete Symmetry Groups in Solid-State Physics and Photonics 51 4.1 Point Groups 52 4.1.1 Notation of Symmetry Elements 52 4.1.2 Classification of Point Groups 56 4.2 Space Groups 59 4.2.1 Lattices, Translation Group 59 4.2.2 Symmorphic and Nonsymmorphic Space Groups 62 4.2.3 Site Symmetry, Wyckoff Positions, and Wigner-Seitz Cell 65 4.3 Color Groups and Magnetic Groups 69 4.3.1 Magnetic Point Groups 69 4.3.2 Magnetic Lattices 72 4.3.3 Magnetic Space Groups 73 4.4 Noncrystallographic Groups, Buckyballs, and Nanotubes 75 4.4.1 Structure and Group Theory of Nanotubes 75 4.4.2 Buckminsterfullerene C60 79
• 5 Representation Theory 83 5.1 Definition of Matrix Representations 84 5.2 Reducible and Irreducible Representations 88 5.2.1 The Orthogonality Theorem for Irreducible Representations 90 5.3 Characters and Character Tables 94 5.3.1 The Orthogonality Theorem for Characters 96 5.3.2 Character Tables 98 5.3.3 Notations of Irreducible Representations 98 5.3.4 Decomposition of Reducible Representations 102 5.4 Projection Operators and Basis Functions of Representations 105 5.5 Direct Product Representations 112 5.6 Wigner-Eckart Theorem 120 5.7 Induced Representations 123
• 6 Symmetry and Representation Theory in k-Space 133 6.1 The Cyclic Born-von Karman Boundary Condition and the Bloch Wave 133 6.2 The Reciprocal Lattice 136 6.3 The Brillouin Zone and the Group of the Wave Vector k 137 6.4 Irreducible Representations of Symmorphic Space Groups 142 6.5 Irreducible Representations of Nonsymmorphic Space Groups 143 Part Two Applications in Electronic Structure Theory 149
• 7 Solution of the SCHROEDINGER Equation 151 7.1 The Schroedinger Equation 151 7.2 The Group of the Schroedinger Equation 153 7.3 Degeneracy of Energy States 154 7.4 Time-Independent Perturbation Theory 157 7.4.1 General Formalism 159 7.4.2 Crystal Field Expansion 160 7.4.3 Crystal Field Operators 164 7.5 Transition Probabilities and Selection Rules 169
• 8 Generalization to Include the Spin 177 8.1 The Pauli Equation 177 8.2 Homomorphism between SU(2) and SO(3) 178 8.3 Transformation of the Spin-Orbit Coupling Operator 180 8.4 The Group of the Pauli Equation and Double Groups 183 8.5 Irreducible Representations of Double Groups 186 8.6 Splitting of Degeneracies by Spin-Orbit Coupling 189 8.7 Time-Reversal Symmetry 193 8.7.1 The Reality of Representations 193 8.7.2 Spin-Independent Theory 194 8.7.3 Spin-Dependent Theory 196
• 9 Electronic Structure Calculations 197 9.1 Solution of the Schroedinger Equation for a Crystal 197 9.2 Symmetry Properties of Energy Bands 198 9.2.1 Degeneracy and Symmetry of Energy Bands 200 9.2.2 Compatibility Relations and Crossing of Bands 201 9.3 Symmetry-Adapted Functions 203 9.3.1 Symmetry-Adapted Plane Waves 203 9.3.2 Localized Orbitals 205 9.4 Construction of Tight-Binding Hamiltonians 210 9.4.1 Hamiltonians in Two-Center Form 212 9.4.2 Hamiltonians in Three-Center Form 216 9.4.3 Inclusion of Spin-Orbit Interaction 224 9.4.4 Tight-Binding Hamiltonians from ab initio Calculations 225 9.5 Hamiltonians Based on Plane Waves 227 9.6 Electronic Energy Bands and Irreducible Representations 230 9.7 Examples and Applications 236 9.7.1 Calculation of Fermi Surfaces 236 9.7.2 Electronic Structure of Carbon Nanotubes 238 9.7.3 Tight-binding Real-Space Calculations 240 9.7.4 Spin-Orbit Coupling in Semiconductors 245 9.7.5 Tight-Binding Models for Oxides 247 Part Three Applications in Photonics 251
• 10 Solution of MAXWELL's Equations 253 10.1 Maxwell's Equations and the Master Equation for Photonic Crystals 254 10.1.1 The Master Equation 254 10.1.2 One- and Two-Dimensional Problems 256 10.2 Group of the Master Equation 257 10.3 Master Equation as an Eigenvalue Problem 259 10.4 Models of the Permittivity 260 10.4.1 Reduced Structure Factors 264 10.4.2 Convergence of the Plane Wave Expansion 266
• 11 Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystals 269 11.1 Photonic Band Structure and Symmetrized Plane Waves 270 11.1.1 Empty Lattice Band Structure and Symmetrized Plane Waves 270 11.1.2 Photonic Band Structures: A First Example 273 11.2 Group Theoretical Classification of Photonic Band Structures 276 11.3 Supercells and Symmetry of Defect Modes 279 11.4 Uncoupled Bands 283
• 12 Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals 287 12.1 Empty Lattice Bands and Compatibility Relations 287 12.2 An example: Dielectric Spheres in Air 291 12.3 Symmetry-Adapted Vector Spherical Waves 293 Part Four Other Applications 299
• 13 Group Theory of Vibrational Problems 301 13.1 Vibrations of Molecules 301 13.1.1 Permutation, Displacement, and Vector Representation 302 13.1.2 Vibrational Modes of Molecules 305 13.1.3 Infrared and Raman Activity 307 13.2 Lattice Vibrations 310 13.2.1 Direct Calculation of the Dynamical Matrix 312 13.2.2 Dynamical Matrix from Tight-Binding Models 314 13.2.3 Analysis of Zone Center Modes 315
• 14 Landau Theory of Phase Transitions of the Second Kind 319 14.1 Introduction to Landau's Theory of Phase Transitions 320 14.2 Basics of the Group Theoretical Formulation 324 14.3 Examples with GTPack Commands 326 14.3.1 Invariant Polynomials 326 14.3.2 Landau and Lifshitz Criterion 327 Appendix A Spherical Harmonics 331 A.1 Complex Spherical Harmonics 332 A.1.1 Definition of Complex Spherical Harmonics 332 A.1.2 Cartesian Spherical Harmonics 332 A.1.3 Transformation Behavior of Complex Spherical Harmonics 333 A.2 Tesseral Harmonics 334 A.2.1 Definition of Tesseral Harmonics 334 A.2.2 Cartesian Tesseral Harmonics 335 A.2.3 Transformation Behavior of Tesseral Harmonics 336 Appendix B Remarks on Databases 337 B.1 Electronic Structure Databases 337 B.1.1 Tight-Binding Calculations 337 B.1.2 Pseudopotential Calculations 338 B.1.3 Radial Integrals for Crystal Field Parameters 339 B.2 Molecular Databases 339 B.3 Database of Structures 339 Appendix C Use of MPB together with GTPack 341 C.1 Calculation of Band Structure and Density of States 341 C.2 Calculation of Eigenmodes 342 C.3 Comparison of Calculations with MPB and Mathematica 343 Appendix D Technical Remarks on GTPack 345 D.1 Structure of GTPack 345 D.2 Installation of GTPack 346 References 349 Index 359.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

While group theory and its application to solid state physics is well established, this textbook raises two completely new aspects. First, it provides a better understanding by focusing on problem solving and making extensive use of Mathematica tools to visualize the concepts. Second, it offers a new tool for the photonics community by transferring the concepts of group theory and its application to photonic crystals. Clearly divided into three parts, the first provides the basics of group theory. Even at this stage, the authors go beyond the widely used standard examples to show the broad field of applications. Part II is devoted to applications in condensed matter physics, i.e. the electronic structure of materials. Combining the application of the computer algebra system Mathematica with pen and paper derivations leads to a better and faster understanding. The exhaustive discussion shows that the basics of group theory can also be applied to a totally different field, as seen in Part III. Here, photonic applications are discussed in parallel to the electronic case, with the focus on photonic crystals in two and three dimensions, as well as being partially expanded to other problems in the field of photonics. The authors have developed Mathematica package GTPack which is available for download from the book's homepage. Analytic considerations, numerical calculations and visualization are carried out using the same software. While the use of the Mathematica tools are demonstrated on elementary examples, they can equally be applied to more complicated tasks resulting from the reader's own research.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• The holographic correspondence
• Zero density matter
• Quantum critical transport
• Compressible quantum matter
• Metallic transport without quasiparticles
• Symmetry broken phases
• Further topics
• Connections to experiments.

A comprehensive overview of holographic methods in quantum matter, written by pioneers in the field. This book, written by pioneers in the field, offers a comprehensive overview of holographic methods in quantum matter. It covers influential developments in theoretical physics, making the key concepts accessible to researchers and students in both high energy and condensed matter physics. The book provides a unique combination of theoretical and historical context, technical results, extensive references to the literature, and exercises. It will give readers the ability to understand the important problems in the field, both those that have been solved and those that remain unsolved, and will enable them to engage directly with the current literature. The book describes a particular interface between condensed matter physics, gravitational physics, and string and quantum field theory made possible by holographic duality. The chapters cover such topics as the essential workings of the holographic correspondence; strongly interacting quantum matter at a fixed commensurate density; compressible quantum matter with a variable density; transport in quantum matter; the holographic description of symmetry broken phases; and the relevance of the topics covered to experimental challenges in specific quantum materials. Holographic Quantum Matter promises to be the definitive presentation of this material.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Part I. Theory: 1. The wave function
• 2. Time-independent Schrodinger equation
• 3. Formalism
• 4. Quantum mechanics in three dimensions
• 5. Identical particles
• 6. Symmetry
• Part II. Application: 7. Time-independent perturbation theory
• 8. The variational principle
• 9. The WKB approximation
• 10. Scattering
• 11. Quantum dynamics
• 12. Afterword
• Appendix A. Linear algebra
• Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Changes and additions to the new edition of this classic textbook include: new chapter on Symmetries, new problems and examples, improved explanations, more numerical problems to be worked on a computer, new applications to solid state physics, consolidated treatment of time-dependent potentials.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Physical Framework and Models
• Basic Applied Functional Analysis
• Complements of Applied Functional Analysis
• Abstract Mathematical Framework
• Analyses of Exact Problems : First-Order Models
• Analyses of Approximate Models
• Analyses of Exact Problems : Second-Order Models
• Analyses of Time-Harmonic Problems
• Dimensionally Reduced Models : Derivation and Analyses
• Analyses of Coupled Models
• Index of Function Spaces
• References
• Index.

This book presents an in-depth treatment of various mathematical aspects of electromagnetism and Maxwell's equations: from modeling issues to well-posedness results and the coupled models of plasma physics (Vlasov-Maxwell and Vlasov-Poisson systems) and magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). These equations and boundary conditions are discussed, including a brief review of absorbing boundary conditions. The focus then moves to well-posedness results. The relevant function spaces are introduced, with an emphasis on boundary and topological conditions. General variational frameworks are defined for static and quasi-static problems, time-harmonic problems (including fixed frequency or Helmholtz-like problems and unknown frequency or eigenvalue problems), and time-dependent problems, with or without constraints. They are then applied to prove the well-posedness of Maxwell's equations and their simplified models, in the various settings described above. The book is completed with a discussion of dimensionally reduced models in prismatic and axisymmetric geometries, and a survey of existence and uniqueness results for the Vlasov-Poisson, Vlasov-Maxwell and MHD equations. The book addresses mainly researchers in applied mathematics who work on Maxwell's equations. However, it can be used for master or doctorate-level courses on mathematical electromagnetism as it requires only a bachelor-level knowledge of analysis.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Part I. Basic Energy Physics and Uses: 1. Introduction
• 2. Mechanical energy
• 3. Electromagnetic energy
• 4. Waves and light
• 5. Thermodynamics I: heat and thermal energy
• 6. Heat transfer
• 7. Introduction to quantum physics
• 8. Thermodynamics II: entropy and temperature
• 9. Energy in matter
• 10. Thermal energy conversion
• 11. Internal combustion engines
• 12. Phase-change energy conversion
• 13. Thermal power and heat extraction cycles
• Part II. Energy Sources: 14. The forces of nature
• 15. Quantum phenomena in energy systems
• 16. An overview of nuclear power
• 17. Structure, properties and decays of nuclei
• 18. Nuclear energy processes: fission and fusion
• 19. Nuclear fission reactors and nuclear fusion experiments
• 20. Ionizing radiation
• 21. Energy in the universe
• 22. Solar energy: solar production and radiation
• 23. Solar energy: solar radiation on Earth
• 24. Solar thermal energy
• 25. Photovoltaic solar cells
• 26. Biological energy
• 27. Ocean energy flow
• 28. Wind: a highly variable resource
• 29. Fluids - the basics
• 30. Wind turbines
• 31. Energy from moving water: hydro, wave, tidal, and marine current power
• 32. Geothermal energy
• 33. Fossil fuels
• Part III. Energy System Issues and Externalities: 34. Energy and climate
• 35. Earth's climate: past, present, and future
• 36. Energy efficiency, conservation, and changing energy sources
• 37. Energy storage
• 38. Electricity generation and transmission.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The Physics of Energy provides a comprehensive and systematic introduction to the scientific principles governing energy sources, uses, and systems. This definitive textbook traces the flow of energy from sources such as solar power, nuclear power, wind power, water power, and fossil fuels through its transformation in devices such as heat engines and electrical generators, to its uses including transportation, heating, cooling, and other applications. The flow of energy through the Earth's atmosphere and oceans, and systems issues including storage, electric grids, and efficiency and conservation are presented in a scientific context along with topics such as radiation from nuclear power and climate change from the use of fossil fuels. Students, scientists, engineers, energy industry professionals, and concerned citizens with some mathematical and scientific background who wish to understand energy systems and issues quantitatively will find this textbook of great interest.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Basic equations for shallow water waves
• Introduction to the KP theory and the t-function
• The real Grassmannians and their parametrizations
• Classification of the KP solitons
• Soliton graphs
• Stability and numerical simulations
• The inverse problem
• The Mach reflection : the miles theory and the higher order KP theory.

Web-like waves, often observed on the surface of shallow water, are examples of nonlinear waves. They are generated by nonlinear interactions among several obliquely propagating solitary waves, also known as solitons. In this book, modern mathematical tools-algebraic geometry, algebraic combinatorics, and representation theory, among others-are used to analyze these two-dimensional wave patterns. The author's primary goal is to explain some details of the classification problem of the soliton solutions of the KP equation (or KP solitons) and their applications to shallow water waves. This book is intended for researchers and graduate students.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction
• What is Quaternionic Spectral Theory?
• Some Historical Remarks on the S-Spectrum
• The Discovery of the S-Spectrum
• Why Did It Take So Long to Understand the S-Spectrum?
• The Fueter-Sce-Qian theorem and spectral theories
• Slice Hyperholomorphic Functions
• Slice Hyperholomorphic Functions
• The Fueter Mapping Theorem in Integral Form
• Vector-Valued Slice Hyperholomorphic Functions
• Comments and Remarks
• The S-Spectrum and the S-Functional Calculus
• The S-Spectrum and the S-Resolvent Operators
• Definition of the S-Functional Calculus
• Comments and Remarks
• The Left Spectrum and the Left Resolvent Operator
• Power Series Expansions and the S-Resolvent Equation
• Properties of the S-Functional Calculus for Bounded Operators
• Algebraic Properties and Riesz Projectors
• The Spectral Mapping Theorem and the Composition Rule
• Convergence in the S-Resolvent Sense
• The Taylor Formula for the S-Functional Calculus
• Bounded Operators with Commuting Components
• Perturbations of the SC-Resolvent Operators
• Some Examples
• Comments and Remarks
• The S-Functional Calculus for n-Tuples of Operators
• The W-Functional Calculus for Quaternionic Operators
• The S-Functional Calculus for Unbounded Operators
• The S-Spectrum and the S-Resolvent Operators
• Definition of the S-Functional Calculus
• Comments and Remarks
• The H-Functional Calculus
• The Rational Functional Calculus
• The S-Functional Calculus for Operators of Type
• The H-Functional Calculus
• Boundedness of the H-Functional Calculus
• Comments and Remarks
• Comments on Fractional Diffusion Processes
• The F-Functional Calculus for Bounded Operators
• The F-Resolvent Operators and the F-Functional Calculus
• Bounded Perturbations of the F-Resolvent
• The F-Resolvent Equations
• The Riesz Projectors for the F-Functional Calculus
• The Cauchy-Fueter Functional Calculus
• Comments and Remarks
• The F-Functional Calculus for n-Tuples of Operators
• The Inverse Fueter-Sce Mapping Theorem
• The F-Functional Calculus for Unbounded Operators
• Relations Between F-Resolvent Operators
• The F-Functional Calculus for Unbounded Operators
• Comments and Remarks
• F-Functional Calculus for n-Tuples of Unbounded Operators
• Quaternionic Operators on a Hilbert Space
• Preliminary Results
• The S-Spectrum of Some Classes of Operators
• The Splitting of a Normal Operator and Consequences
• The Continuous Functional Calculus
• Comments and Remarks
• Spectral Integrals
• Spectral Integrals for Bounded Measurable Functions
• Spectral Integrals for Unbounded Measurable Functions
• Comments and remarks
• The Spectral Theorem for Bounded Normal Operators
• Construction of the Spectral Measure
• The Spectral Theorem and Some Consequences
• Comments and Remarks
• The Spectral Theorem for Unbounded Normal Operators
• Some Transformations of Operators
• The Spectral Theorem for Unbounded Normal Operators
• Some Consequences of the Spectral Theorem
• Comments and Remarks
• Spectral Theorem for Unitary Operators
• Herglotzʼs Theorem in the Quaternionic Setting
• Preliminaries for the Spectral Resolution
• Further Properties of Quaternionic Riesz Projectors
• The Spectral Resolution
• Comments and Remarks
• Spectral Integration in the Quaternionic Setting
• Spectral Integrals of Real-Valued Slice Functions
• Imaginary Operators
• Spectral Systems and Spectral Integrals of Intrinsic Slice Functions
• On the Different Approaches to Spectral Integration
• Bounded Quaternionic Spectral Operators
• The Spectral Decomposition of a Spectral Operator
• Canonical Reduction and Intrinsic S-Functional Calculus for Quaternionic Spectral Operators
• Contents of the Monograph : Quaternionic Closed Operators, Fractional Powers and Fractional Diffusion Processes
• Index
• Bibliography.

The subject of this monograph is the quaternionic spectral theory based on the notion of S-spectrum. With the purpose of giving a systematic and self-contained treatment of this theory that has been developed in the last decade, the book features topics like the S-functional calculus, the F-functional calculus, the quaternionic spectral theorem, spectral integration and spectral operators in the quaternionic setting. These topics are based on the notion of S-spectrum of a quaternionic linear operator. Further developments of this theory lead to applications in fractional diffusion and evolution problems that will be covered in a separate monograph.
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• Preface Acknowledgments Author biography
• 1. Models of Nature
• 2. Randomness
• 3. Bayesian and frequentist approaches to scientific inference
• 4. The principles of inferential statistics
• 5. Parametric inference
• 6. Prior distributions and equiprobable events in the physical sciences
• 7. Conclusionsthe statistical nature of scientific knowledge Appendix AShort review of some basic concepts Appendix BAbbreviations.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Science often deals with hard-to-see phenomena, and they only stand out and become real when viewed through the lens of complex statistical tools. This book is not a textbook about statistics applied to science - there are already many excellent books to choose from - rather, it tries to give an overview of the basic principles that physical scientists use to analyze their data and bring out the order of Nature from the fog of background noise.
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• Preliminary concepts
• Hydrogen
• Radiative transitions
• The shell model and alkali spectra
• Angular momentum
• Helium and exchange symmetry
• Fine structure and nuclear effects
• External fields: the Zeeman and Stark effects
• Stimulated emission and lasers
• Cold atoms
• Atomic physics applied to the solid state
• Atomic physics in astronomy

This concise and accessible book provides a detailed introduction to the fundamental principles of atomic physics at an undergraduate level. Concepts are explained in an intuitive way and the book assumes only a basic knowledge of quantum mechanics and electromagnetism. With a compact format specifically designed for students, the first part of the book covers the key principles of the subject, including the quantum theory of the hydrogen atom, radiative transitions, the shell model of multi-electron atoms, spin-orbit coupling, and the effects of external fields. The second part provides an introduction to the four key applications of atomic physics: lasers, cold atoms, solid-state spectroscopy and astrophysics. This highly pedagogical text includes worked examples and end of chapter problems to allow students to test their knowledge, as well as numerous diagrams of key concepts, making it perfect for undergraduate students looking for a succinct primer on the concepts and applications of atomic physics.
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This book is a synthesis of recent advances in the spectral theory of the magnetic Schrödinger operator. It can be considered a catalog of concrete examples of magnetic spectral asymptotics. Since the presentation involves many notions of spectral theory and semiclassical analysis, it begins with a concise account of concepts and methods used in the book and is illustrated by many elementary examples. Assuming various points of view (power series expansions, Feshbach-Grushin reductions, WKB constructions, coherent states decompositions, normal forms) a theory of Magnetic Harmonic Approximation is then established which allows, in particular, accurate descriptions of the magnetic eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. Some parts of this theory, such as those related to spectral reductions or waveguides, are still accessible to advanced students while others (e.g., the discussion of the Birkhoff normal form and its spectral consequences, or the results related to boundary magnetic wells in dimension three) are intended for seasoned researchers.

• Introduction: The last breath
• Making air: our first four atmospheres
• Earth's early air
• The exploding lake
• The devil in the air
• Welding a dangerous weapon
• The curse and blessing of oxygen
• Hotter than the Dickens
• Harnessing air: the human relationship with air
• The wonder-working gas of delight
• Le Pétomane
• Controlled chaos
• Steeling yourself for tragedy
• Into the blue
• Night lights
• Frontiers: the new heavens
• The fallout of fallout
• Albert Einstein and the people's fridge
• Weather wars
• Rumbles from Roswell
• Putting on alien airs.

A round-the-globe journey through the periodic table explains how the air people breathe reflects the world's history, tracing the origins and ingredients of the atmosphere to explain air's role in reshaping continents, steering human progress, and powering revolutions.

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Symmetries
• 3. Building hadrons from quarks
• 4. The standard model
• 5. QCD and confinement
• 6. Chiral symmetry and QCD
• 7. Introduction to lepton scattering
• 8. Elastic electron scattering from the nucleon
• 9. Hadron structure via lepton-nucleon scattering
• 10. High-energy QCD
• 11. The nucleon-nucleon interaction
• 12. The structure and properties of few-body nuclei
• 13. Overview of many-body nuclei
• 14. Models of many-body nuclei
• 15. Electron scattering from discrete states
• 16. Electroexcitation of high-lying excitations of the nucleus
• 17. Beta decay
• 18. Neutrino physics
• 19. The physics of relativistic heavy-ions
• 20. Astrophysics
• 21. Beyond the standard model physics
• Appendix A. Useful information
• Appendix B. Quantum theory.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This textbook brings together nuclear and particle physics, presenting a balanced overview of both fields as well as the interplay between the two. The theoretical as well as the experimental foundations are covered, providing students with a deep understanding of the subject. In-chapter exercises ranging from basic experimental to sophisticated theoretical questions provide an important tool for students to solidify their knowledge. Suitable for upper undergraduate courses in nuclear and particle physics as well as more advanced courses, the book includes road maps guiding instructors on tailoring the content to their course. Online resources including color figures, tables, and a solutions manual complete the teaching package. This textbook will be essential for students preparing for further study or a career in the field who require a solid grasp of both nuclear and particle physics.
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This book intends to construct a theory of modular forms for families of Calabi-Yau threefolds with Hodge numbers of the third cohomology equal to one. It discusses many differences and similarities between the new theory and the classical theory of modular forms defined on the upper half plane. The main examples of the new theory are topological string partition functions which encode the Gromov-Witten invariants of the mirror Calabi-Yau threefolds. It is mainly written for two primary target audiences: researchers in classical modular and automorphic forms who wish to understand the q-expansions of physicists derived from Calabi-Yau threefolds, and mathematicians in enumerative algebraic geometry who want to understand how mirror symmetry counts rational curves in compact Calabi-Yau threefolds. This book is also recommended for mathematicians who work with automorphic forms and their role in algebraic geometry, in particular for those who have noticed that the class of algebraic varieties involved in their study is limited: for instance, it does not include compact non-rigid Calabi-Yau threefolds. A basic knowledge of complex analysis, differential equations, algebraic topology and algebraic geometry is required for a smooth reading of the book.
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• Preface.
• 1 Historical background.
• 2 Geometry of gauge fields.
• 3 Maxwell and Yang-Mills theory.
• 4 Gravitation as a gauge theory.
• 5 Einstein-Cartan theory.
• 6 Teleparallelism.
• 7 Yang's theory of gravity.
• 8 BRST quantization of gravity.
• 9 Gravitational instantons.
• 10 Three-dimensional gravity.
• 11 Spinor bundles.
• 12 Chiral anomalies.
• 13 Topological SL(5--R) gauge invariant action.
• 14 Geometrodynamics and its extensions. 15 Color Geometrodynamics. 16 Geometrodynamical model of quark confinement? Appendix A. Notation and mathematical terms. Appendix B. Calculus of exterior forms. Appendix C. Lie groups.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This monograph aims to provide a unified, geometrical foundation of gauge theories of elementary particle physics. The underlying geometrical structure is unfolded in a coordinate-free manner via the modern mathematical notions of fibre bundles and exterior forms. Topics such as the dynamics of Yang-Mills theories, instanton solutions and topological invariants are included. By transferring these concepts to local space-time symmetries, generalizations of Einstein's theory of gravity arise in a Riemann-Cartan space with curvature and torsion. It provides the framework in which the (broken) Poincare gauge theory, the Rainich geometrization of the Einstein-Maxwell system, and higher-dimensional, non-abelian Kaluza-Klein theories are developed. Since the discovery of the Higgs boson, concepts of spontaneous symmetry breaking in gravity have come again into focus, and, in this revised edition, these will be exposed in geometric terms. Quantizing gravity remains an open issue: formulating it as a de Sitter type gauge theory in the spirit of Yang-Mills, some new progress in its topological form is presented. After symmetry breaking, Einstein's standard general relativity with cosmological constant emerges as a classical background. The geometrical structure of BRST quantization with non-propagating topological ghosts is developed in some detail.
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• REFERENCES
• FURTHER READING
• INDEX.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Gravity is one of the four fundamental interactions that exist in nature. It also has the distinction of being the oldest, weakest, and most difficult force to quantize. Understanding gravity is not only essential for understanding the motion of objects on Earth, but also the motion of all celestial objects, and even the expansion of the Universe itself. It was the study of gravity that led Einstein to his profound realisations about the nature of space and time. Gravity is not only universal, it is also essential for understanding the behaviour of the Universe, and all astrophysical bodies within it. In this Very Short Introduction Timothy Clifton looks at the development of our understanding of gravity since the early observations of Kepler and Newtonian theory. He discusses Einstein's theory of gravity, which now supplants Newton's, showing how it allows us to understand why the frequency of light changes as it passes through a gravitational field, why GPS satellites need their clocks corrected as they orbit the Earth, and why the orbits of distant neutron stars speed up. Today, almost 100 years after Einstein published his theory of gravity, we have even detected the waves of gravitational radiation that he predicted. Clifton concludes by considering the testing and application of general relativity in astrophysics and cosmology, and looks at dark energy and efforts such as string theory to combine gravity with quantum mechanics. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.
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• Introduction
• Linear and bent molecule vibration-rotation Hamiltonians for open-shell molecules
• The Renner-Teller effect
• First row dihydrides
• Second row dihydrides
• Third row dihydrides
• Astrophysics : the electronic spectrum of H2O+ and its relationships to the observations made from Herschel, and ESA space observatory.

"Electronic spectroscopy has developed significantly, with key uses in atmospheric chemistry, astrophysics, and astrochemistry. This book is the first to cover both theoretical and experimental spectroscopy of small molecules. It examines the links between spectroscopy and photochemistry, discusses theoretical treatments of the interaction between different electronic states, and discusses experimental techniques at length. Practical applications covered include exhaust gas measurements in aircraft turbines, pollution, free radicals, global warming, low temperature plasmas, and ionization effects in giant gas planets"-- Provided by publisher.

• 1.- Introduction.-
• 2. Analysis of Two-Dimensional Signals and Systems.-
• 3. Foundations of Scalar Diffraction Theory.-
• 4. Fresnel and Fraunhofer Diffraction.-
• 5. Computational Diffraction and Propagation.-
• 6. Wave-Optics Analysis of Coherent Optical Systems.-
• 7. Frequency Analysis of Optical Imaging Systems.-
• 8. Point-Spread Function and Transfer Function Engineering.-
• 9. Wavefront Modulation.-
• 10. Analog Optical Information Processing.-
• 11. Holography.-
• 12. Fourier Optics in Optical Communications.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Goodman's textbook focuses on applications in optics, and in particular with applications to diffraction, imaging, optical information processing, holography, and optical communications. This textbook satisfies the needs of several different types of Physics and Engineering courses. Directed towards both physicists and engineers this text is suitable for audiences focusing on applications of optics. A clear comprehensive presentation makes this text work well as both a teaching resource and a reference book.
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• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• Part I. Foundations. Newtonian physics : geometric viewpoint ; Special relativity : geometric viewpoint
• Part II. Statistical physics. Kinetic theory ; Statistical mechanics ; Statistical thermodynamics ; Random processes
• Part III. Optics. Geometric optics ; Diffraction ; Interference and coherence ; Nonlinear optics
• Part IV. Elasticity. Elastostatics ; Elastodynamics
• Part V. Fluid dynamics. Foundations of fluid dynamics ; Vorticity ; Turbulence ; Waves ; Compressible and supersonic flow ; Convection ; Magnetohydrodynamics
• Part VI. Plasma physics. The particle kinetics of plasma ; Waves in cold plasmas : two-fluid formalism ; Kinetic theory of warm plasmas ; Nonlinear dynamics of plasmas
• Part VII. General relativity. From special to general relativity ; Fundamental concepts of general relativity ; Relativistic stars and black holes ; Gravitational waves and experimental tests of general relativity ; Cosmology.

This first-year, graduate-level text and reference book covers the fundamental concepts and twenty-first-century applications of six major areas of classical physics that every masters- or PhD-level physicist should be exposed to, but often isn't: statistical physics, optics (waves of all sorts), elastodynamics, fluid mechanics, plasma physics, and special and general relativity and cosmology. Growing out of a full-year course that the eminent researchers Kip Thorne and Roger Blandford taught at Caltech for almost three decades, this book is designed to broaden the training of physicists. Its six main topical sections are also designed so they can be used in separate courses, and the book provides an invaluable reference for researchers. Presents all the major fields of classical physics except three prerequisites: classical mechanics, electromagnetism, and elementary thermodynamics Elucidates the interconnections between diverse fields and explains their shared concepts and tools Focuses on fundamental concepts and modern, real-world applications Takes applications from fundamental, experimental, and applied physics; astrophysics and cosmology; geophysics, oceanography, and meteorology; biophysics and chemical physics; engineering and optical science and technology; and information science and technology Emphasizes the quantum roots of classical physics and how to use quantum techniques to elucidate classical concepts or simplify classical calculations Features hundreds of color figures, some five hundred exercises, extensive cross-references, and a detailed index An online illustration package is available to professors.
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• Introduction and Review Historical Perspective Definitions, Derivations and Discovery Review of Quantum Mechanics Approximate Solutions to the Schrodinger Equation: Variation and Perturbation Theory Statistical Mechanics Summary Problems Bibliography
• The Nature of Electromagnetic Radiation Introduction The Classical Description of Electromagnetic Radiation Propagation of Light in Matter Quantum Mechanical Aspects of Light Summary Problems Bibliography
• Electric and Magnetic Properties of Molecules and Bulk Matter Introduction Electric Properties of Molecules Electric Properties of Bulk Matter Magnetic Properties of Matter Summary Problems Bibliography
• Time-dependent Perturbation Theory of Spectroscopy Introduction: Time Dependence in Quantum Mechanics Time-Dependent Perturbation Theory Rate Expression for Emission Perturbation Theory Calculation of Polarizability Quantum Mechanical Expression for Emission Rate Time Dependence of the Density Matrix Summary Problems Bibliography
• The Time-Dependent Approach to Spectroscopy Introduction Time-Correlation Functions and Spectra as Fourier-Transform Pairs The Properties of Time-Correlation Functions and Spectral Lineshapes The Fluctuation Dissipation Theorem Rotational Correlation Functions and Pure Rotational Spectra Reorientational Spectroscopy of Liquids: Single-Molecule and Collective Dynamics Vibration-Rotation Spectra Spectral Moments Summary Problems Bibliography
• Experimental Consideration: Absorption: Emission, and Scattering Introduction Einstein A and B Coefficients for Absorption and Emission Absorption and Stimulated Emission Electronic Absorption and Emission Spectroscopy Measurement of Light Scattering: The Raman and Rayleigh Effects Spectral Lineshapes Summary Problems Bibliography Atomic Spectroscopy Introduction Good Quantum Numbers and Not So Good Quantum Numbers Selection Rules for Atomic Absorption and Emission The Effect of External Fields Atomic Lasers and The Principles of Laser Emission Summary Problems Bibliography
• Rotational Spectroscopy Introduction Energy Levels for Free Rigid Rotors Angular Momentum Coupling in Non-1SIGMA Electronic States Nuclear Statistics and the J states of Homonuclear Diatomics Rotational Absorption and Emission Spectroscopy Rotational Raman Spectroscopy Corrections to the Rigid-Rotor Approximation Internal Rotation Summary Problems Bibliography
• Vibrational Spectroscopy of Diatomic Molecules Introduction The Born-Oppenheimer Approximation and Its Consequences The Harmonic Oscillator Model Selection Rules for Vibrational Transitions Beyond the Rigid-Rotor Harmonic Oscillator Approximation Summary Problems Bibliography
• Vibrational Spectroscopy of Polyatomics Introduction Normal Modes of Vibration Quantum Mechanics of Polyatomic Vibrations Group Theoretical Treatment of Vibrations Selection Rules for Infrared Absorption and Raman Scattering: Group Theoretical Prediction of Activity Rotational Structure Anharmonicity Selection Rules at Work: Benzene Solvent Effects on Infrared Spectra Summary Problems Bibliography
• Electronic Spectroscopy Introduction Diatomic Molecules: Electronic State and Selection Rules Vibrational Structure in Electronic Spectra and Diatomics Born-Oppenheimer Breakdown in Diatomic Molecules Polyatomic Molecules: Electronic States and Selection Rules Transition Metal Complexes: Forbidden Transitions and the Jahn-Teller Effect Emission Spectra of Polyatomic Molecules Nonradiative Relaxation of Polyatomic Molecules Chromophores Solvent Effects in Electronic Spectroscopy Summary Problems Bibliography Raman and Resonance Raman Spectroscopy Introduction Selection Rules in Raman Scattering Polarization in Raman Scattering Rotational and Vibrational Dynamics in Raman Scattering Analysis of Raman Excitation Profiles Surface-Enhanced Raman ScatteringSummary Problems Bibliography
• Nonlinear Optical Spectroscopy Introduction Classical Approaches to Nonlinear Optical Processes Quantum Mechanical Approach to Nonlinear Optical Processes Feynman Diagrams and Calculation of Time-Dependent Response Functions Experimental Applications of Nonlinear Processes Summary Problems Bibliography
• Time-Resolved Spectroscopy Introduction Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy Time-Resolved Four Wave Mixing Experiments Transient Grating and Photon Echo Experiments Two-Dimensional Spectroscopy Summary Problems Bibliography
• Appendix A Math Review Vectors and Tensors in Three Dimensions Matrices Operations with Cartesian and Spherical Tensors Spherical Harmonics Wigner Rotation Functions and Spherical Tensors The Clebsch-Gordan Series and 3j Symbols Appendix B Principles of Electrostatics Units Some Applications of Gauss' Law Some Mathematical Details Appendix C Group Theory Point Groups and Symmetry Operations Information Conveyed by The Character Tables Direct Products and Reducible Representations Character Tables.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This textbook offers an introduction to the foundations of spectroscopic methods and provides a bridge between basic concepts and experimental applications in fields as diverse as materials science, biology, solar energy conversion, and environmental science. The author emphasizes the use of time-dependent theory to link the spectral response in the frequency domain to the behavior of molecules in the time domain, strengthened by two brand new chapters on nonlinear optical spectroscopy and time-resolved spectroscopy. Theoretical underpinnings are presented to the extent necessary for readers to understand how to apply spectroscopic tools to their own interests.
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• I. Newton's Laws
• 1. Concepts of Motion
• 2. Kinematics in One Dimension
• 3. Vectors and Coordinate Systems
• 4. Kinematics in Two Dimensions
• 5. Force and Motion
• 6. Dynamics I: Motion Along a Line
• 7. Newton's Third Law
• 8. Dynamics II: Motion in a Plane II. Conservation Laws
• 9. Work and Kinetic Energy
• 10. Interactions and Potential Energy
• 11. Impulse and Momentum III. Applications of Newtonian Mechanics
• 12. Rotation of a Rigid Body
• 13. Newton's Theory of Gravity
• 14. Fluids and Elasticity IV. Oscillations and Waves
• 15. Oscillations
• 16. Traveling Waves
• 17. Superposition V. Thermodynamics
• 18. A Macroscopic Description of Matter
• 19. Work, Heat, and the First Law of Thermodynamics
• 20. The Micro/Macro Connection
• 21. Heat Engines and Refrigerators VI. Electricity and Magnetism
• 22. Electric Charges and Forces
• 23. The Electric Field
• 24. Gauss's Law
• 25. The Electric Potential
• 26. Potential and Field
• 27. Current and Resistance
• 28. Fundamentals of Circuits
• 29. The Magnetic Field
• 30. Electromagnetic Induction
• 31. Electromagnetic Fields and Waves
• 32. AC Circuits VII. Optics
• 33. Wave Optics
• 34. Ray Optics
• 35. Optical Instruments VIII. Relativity and Quantum Physics
• 36. Relativity.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

For courses in introductory calculus-based physics. A research-driven approach, fine-tuned for even greater ease-of-use and student success For the Fourth Edition of Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Knight continues to build on strong research-based foundations with fine-tuned and streamlined content, hallmark features, and an even more robust MasteringPhysics program, taking student learning to a new level. By extending problem-solving guidance to include a greater emphasis on modeling and significantly revised and more challenging problem sets, students gain confidence and skills in problem solving. A modified Table of Contents and the addition of advanced topics now accommodate different teaching preferences and course structures. Note: You are purchasing a standalone product; MasteringPhysics does not come packaged with this content. Students, if interested in purchasing this title with MasteringPhysics, ask your instructor for the correct package ISBN and Course ID. Instructors, contact your Pearson representative for more information. 0133953149/ 9780133953145 Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach with Modern Physics Plus MasteringPhysics with eText -- Access Card Package, (Chs 1 - 42), 4/e Package consists of: 0133942651 / 9780133942651 Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach with Modern Physics, 4/e013406982X / 9780134069821 MasteringPhysics with Pearson eText -- ValuePack Access Card -- for Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach0134083164 / 9780134083162 Student's Workbook for Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach with Modern Physics.
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• About the Authors ix Preface xi
• 1 General Properties of the Schrodinger Equation 1
• 2 Operators 15
• 3 Bound States 47
• 4 Heisenberg Principle 80
• 5 Current and Energy Flux Densities 101
• 6 Density of States 128
• 7 Transfer Matrix 166
• 8 Scattering Matrix 205
• 9 Perturbation Theory 228
• 10 Variational Approach 245
• 11 Electron in a Magnetic Field 261
• 12 Electron in an Electromagnetic Field and Optical Properties of Nanostructures 281
• 13 Time-Dependent Schrodinger Equation 292 A Postulates of Quantum Mechanics 314 B Useful Relations for the One-Dimensional Harmonic Oscillator 317 C Properties of Operators 319 D The Pauli Matrices and their Properties 322 E Threshold Voltage in a High Electron Mobility Transistor Device 325 F Peierls s Transformation 329 G Matlab Code 332 Index 343.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This topical and timely textbook is a collection of problems for students, researchers, and practitioners interested in state-of-the-art material and device applications in quantum mechanics. Most problem are relevant either to a new device or a device concept or to current research topics which could spawn new technology. It deals with the practical aspects of the field, presenting a broad range of essential topics currently at the leading edge of technological innovation. Includes discussion on: Properties of Schroedinger Equation Operators Bound States in Nanostructures Current and Energy Flux Densities in Nanostructures Density of States Transfer and Scattering Matrix Formalisms for Modelling Diffusive Quantum Transport Perturbation Theory, Variational Approach and their Applications to Device Problems Electrons in a Magnetic or Electromagnetic Field and Associated Phenomena Time-dependent Perturbation Theory and its Applications Optical Properties of Nanostructures Problems in Quantum Mechanics: For Material Scientists, Applied Physicists and Device Engineers is an ideal companion to engineering, condensed matter physics or materials science curricula. It appeals to future and present engineers, physicists, and materials scientists, as well as professionals in these fields needing more in-depth understanding of nanotechnology and nanoscience.
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• Discovery and understanding (1900-1927). Planck, Einstein, Bohr : experiments and early ideas ; Heisenberg, Dirac, Schrödinger : quantum mechanics and the quantum atom ; Application : six hundred million watts!
• Interpretation and mind-boggling implications (1916-2016). The essential features of quantum mechanics ; Clash of titans : what is real? Uncertainty, entanglement, John Bell, and many worlds ; What does it all mean? : quantum mechanics, mathematics, and the nature of science ; Applications : quantum computing, code cracking, teleportation, and encryption
• Our world of relativity and the quantum, from the Big Bang to the galaxies. Galaxies, black holes, gravity waves, matter, the forces of nature, the Higgs boson, dark matter, dark energy, and string theory
• The many-electron atom and the foundations of chemistry and materials science. Energy, momentum, and the spatial states of the electrons in the hydrogen atom ; Spin and magnetism ; Exclusion and the Periodic table ; The physics underlying the chemistry of the elements ; A few types of chemical bonds, for example ; The makeup of solid materials ; Insulators and electrical conduction in normal metals and semiconductors
• Quantum wonders in materials and devices, large and small. Superconductors I : definition, and applications in transportation, medicine, and computing ; Fusion for electrical power, and lasers also for defense ; Magnetism, magnets, magnetic materials, and their applications ; Graphene, nanotubes, and one "dream" application ; Semiconductors and electronic applications ; Superconductors II : large scale applications in science, power generation, and transmission
• Appendix A. The nature and spectrum of electromagnetic waves
• Appendix B. Empirical development of the Periodic Table of Elements
• Appendix C. Quantum computer development
• Appendix D. The atomic sizes and chemistries of the elements
• Appendix E. The production of X-rays.

"A lucid introduction to the basics of quantum physics for the lay reader, showing how much the scientific understanding of reality has changed in the last century and how important this science is to technology, the economy, and modern life"-- Provided by publisher.

• Introduction: A revolution in time
• Wheeler's watch
• The only particle in the universe
• All the roads not to paradise
• The hidden paths of ghosts
• The island and the mountains: mapping the particle landscape
• Life as an amoeba in the foamy sea of possibilities
• Time's arrow and the mysterious Mr. X
• Minds, machines, and the cosmos
• Conclusion: The way of the labyrinth
• Epilogue: Encounters with Wheeler.

In 1939, Richard Feynman, a brilliant graduate of MIT, arrived in John Wheeler's Princeton office to report for duty as his teaching assistant. A lifelong friendship and enormously productive collaboration was born, despite sharp differences in personality. The soft-spoken Wheeler, though conservative in appearance, was a raging nonconformist full of wild ideas about the universe. The boisterous Feynman was a cautious physicist who believed only what could be tested. Yet they were complementary spirits. Their collaboration led to a complete rethinking of the nature of time and reality. It enabled Feynman to show how quantum reality is a combination of alternative, contradictory possibilities, and inspired Wheeler to develop his landmark concept of wormholes, portals to the future and past. Together, Feynman and Wheeler made sure that quantum physics would never be the same again.
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• What are the Issues raised by Quantum Mechanics?.- The First Mystery: Interference.- "Philosophical" Intermezzo I: What is Determinism?.- How do Physicists deal with Interference?.- Schroedinger's Cat and Hidden Variables.- "Philosophical" Intermezzo II: What is Wrong with "Observations"?.- The Second Mystery: Nonlocality.- How to do "The Impossible", a Quantum Mechanics without Observers: The de Broglie-Bohm Theory.- Many Worlds.- A Revised History of Quantum Mechanics.- The Cultural Impact of Quantum Mechanics.- Summary of the Main Theses of this Book.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Permeated by the author's delightful humor, this little book explains, with nearly no mathematics, the main conceptual issues associated with quantum mechanics: The issue of determinism. Does quantum mechanics signify the end of a deterministic word-view? The role of the human subject or of the "observer" in science. Since Copernicus, science has increasingly tended to dethrone Man from his formerly held special position in the Universe. But quantum mechanics, with its emphasis on the notion of observation, may once more have given a central role to the human subject. The issue of locality. Does quantum mechanics imply that instantaneous actions at a distance exist in Nature? In these pages the author offers a variety of views and answers - bad as well as good - to these questions. The reader will be both entertained and enlightened by Jean Bricmont's clear and incisive arguments.
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• The Standard Model. Relativity for Particle Physics. Quantum Theory. The Leptons. Antimatter. Hadrons. Hadron Reactions. Particle Decays. The Evidence for Quarks. Experimental Techniques. Exchange Forces. The Big Bang. The Geometry of Space. Contributions to . Inflation - a Cure for All Ills. Precision Cosmology. Conclusion.
• Appendix 1: CERN.
• Appendix 2: Discovering the Higgs.
• Appendix 3: A Brief History of Cosmology.
• Appendix 4: Particle Data Tables.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Quarks, Leptons and The Big Bang, Third Edition, is a clear, readable and self-contained introduction to particle physics and related areas of cosmology. It bridges the gap between non-technical popular accounts and textbooks for advanced students. The book concentrates on presenting the subject from the modern perspective of quarks, leptons and the forces between them. This book will appeal to students, teachers and general science readers interested in fundamental ideas of modern physics. This edition brings the book completely up to date by including advances in particle physics and cosmology, such as the discovery of the Higgs boson, the LIGO gravitational wave discovery and the WMAP and PLANCK results.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Chemistry is magic
• Magnets
• Glowsticks
• The meaning of magic
• Ancient magic was mostly chemistry
• The reactions I remember from when I was but a wee lad
• Atoms, elements, molecules, reactions
• Elements, molecules, reactions
• Energy
• The life of a bullet
• The arrow of time
• Entropy
• Fantastic reactions and where to find them
• In the classroom
• In the kitchen
• In the lab
• In a factory
• On the street
• In you
• On the origin of light and color
• Electromagnetic waves
• Sound waves and light waves
• Absorbing light
• Making light
• The ancient Chinese art of chemical arranging
• The wombat problem in chemistry
• The boring chapter
• Watching paint dry
• Watching grass grow
• Watching water boil
• The need for speed
• Weathering
• Fire
• Fast fire
• Detonation
• The fastest reaction of all.

With Reactions bestselling author Theodore Gray continues the journey through our molecular and chemical world that began with the tour de force The Elements and continued with Molecules. In The Elements, Gray gave us a never-before-seen, mesmerizing photographic view of the 118 elements in the periodic table. In Molecules, with the same phenomenal photographic acumen, plus beautifully rendered computer generated graphics, he showed us how the elements combine to form the content that makes up our universe, from table salt to oxygen to the panoply of colors and smells that surround us. At last, we've reached Reactions, in which Gray once again puts his photography and storytelling to work demonstrating how molecules interact in ways that are essential to our very existence. The book begins with a brief recap of elements and molecules and then goes on to explain important concepts the characterize a chemical reaction, including Energy, Entropy, and Time. It is then organized by type of reaction including Combustion, Photosynthesis, Respiration, Oxidation, and Fermentation. A special section dedicated to chemical cycles includes The Carbon Cycle, The Iron Cycle, and The Lime Cycle.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Grains ; Is there a limit to divisibility? ; The nature of things
• The classics ; Isaac and the little moon ; Michael: fields and light
• Albert ; The extended present ; The most beautiful of theories ; Mathematics or physics? ; The cosmos
• Quanta ; Albert again ; Niels, Werner, and Paul ; Fields and particles are the same thing ; Quanta 1: Information is finite ; Quanta 2: Indeterminacy ; Quanta 3: Reality is relation ; But do we really understand?
• Spacetime is quantum ; Matvei ; John ; The loop's first steps
• Quanta of space ; Spectra of volume and area ; Atoms of space ; Spin networks
• Time does not exist ; Time is not what we think it is ; The candle chandelier and the pulse ; Spacetime sushi spinfoam ; What is the world made of?
• Beyond the big bang ; The master ; Quantum cosmology
• Empirical confirmations? ; Signals from nature ; A window onto quantum gravity
• Quantum black holes
• The end of infinity
• Information ; Thermal time ; Reality and information
• Mystery.

Traces how the human image of the world has changed throughout history, demonstrating the evolution of the idea of reality while touching on subjects ranging from the Higgs boson to quantum gravity.
"A closer look at the mind-bending nature of the universe. What are the elementary ingredients of the world? Do time and space exist? And what exactly is reality? Theoretical physicist Carlo Rovelli has spent his life exploring these questions. He tells us how our understanding of reality has changed over the centuries and how physicists think about the structure of the universe today. In elegant and accessible prose, Rovelli takes us on a wondrous journey from Democritus to Albert Einstein, from Michael Faraday to gravitational waves, and from classical physics to his own work in quantum gravity. As he shows us how the idea of reality has evolved over time, Rovelli offers deeper explanations of the theories he introduced so concisely in Seven Brief Lessons on Physics. This book culminates in a lucid overview of quantum gravity, the field of research that explores the quantum nature of space and time, seeking to unify quantum mechanics and general relativity. Rovelli invites us to imagine a marvelous world where space breaks up into tiny grains, time disappears at the smallest scales, and black holes are waiting to explode--a vast universe still largely undiscovered"--Jacket.

• Introduction
• A spacetime appetizer
• Relatively speaking
• Einstein on trial
• Wave talk and bar fights
• The lives of stars
• Clockwork precision
• Laser quest
• The path to perfection
• Creation stories
• Cold case
• Gotcha
• Black magic
• Nanoscience
• Follow-up questions
• Space invaders
• Surf's up for Einstein wave astronomy.

The detection of gravitational waves-ripples in spacetime-has already been called the scientific coup of this century. Govert Schilling recounts the struggles that threatened to derail the quest and describes the detector's astounding precision, weaving far-reaching discoveries about the universe into a gripping story of ambition and perseverance.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. A primer on symmetry
• 2. The elements of group theory
• 3. The axial rotation group
• 4. The SO(2) group
• 5. The SO(3) group
• 6. Scholium I
• 7. The SU(3) group
• 8. SU(2) and electron spin
• 9. The SO(4) group
• 10. Scholium II
• 11. The SO(2,1) group
• 12. The SO(4,2) group
• 13. The periodic table
• 14. SO(4,2) and the rules of atomic chess.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Symmetry is at the heart of our understanding of matter. This book tells the fascinating story of the constituents of matter from a common symmetry perspective. The standard model of elementary particles and the periodic table of chemical elements have the common goal to bring order in the bewildering chaos of the constituents of matter. Their success relies on the presence of fundamental symmetries in their core. The purpose of Shattered Symmetry is to share the admiration for the power and the beauty of these symmetries. The reader is taken on a journey from the basic geometric symmetry group of a circle to the sublime dynamic symmetries that govern the motions of the particles. Along the way the theory of symmetry groups is gradually introduced with special emphasis on its use as a classification tool and its graphical representations. This is applied to the unitary symmetry of the eightfold way of quarks, and to the four-dimensional symmetry of the hydrogen atom. The final challenge is to open up the structure of Mendeleev's table which goes beyond the symmetry of the hydrogen atom. Breaking this symmetry to accommodate the multi-electron atoms requires us to leave the common ground of linear algebras and explore the potential of non-linearity.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• C1) The Art of Model Building C2) Particles and Interactions C3) Vectors C4) Systems and Frames C5) Conservation of Momentum C6) Conservation of Angular Momentum C7) More About Angular Momentum C8) Conservation of Energy C9) Potential Energy Graphs C10) Work C11) Rotational Energy C12) Thermal Energy C13) Other Forms of Internal Energy C14) Collisions Appendix CA - The Standard Model.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Six Ideas That Shaped Physics is the 21st Century's alternative to traditional, encyclopedic textbooks. Thomas Moore designed this textbook to teach students the following: (1) To apply basic physical principles to realistic situations (2) To solve realistic problems (3) To resolve contradictions between their preconceptions and the laws of physics (4) To organize the ideas of physics into an integrated hierarchy. McGraw-Hill Education's Connect, is also available as an optional, add on item. Connect is the only integrated learning system that empowers students by continuously adapting to deliver precisely what they need, when they need it, how they need it, so that class time is more effective. Connect allows the professor to assign homework, quizzes, and tests easily and automatically grades and records the scores of the student's work. Problems are randomized to prevent sharing of answers an may also have a "multi-step solution" which helps move the students' learning along if they experience difficulty.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• E1) Electric Fields E2) Charge Distributions E3) Electric Potential E4) Static Equilibrium E5) Current E6) Dynamic Equilibrium E7) Analyzing Circuits E8) Magnetic Fields E9) Currents Respond to Magnetic Fields E10) Currents Create Magnetic Fields E11) The Electromagnetic Field E12) Gauss's Law E13) Ampere's Law E14) Integral Forms E15) Maxwell's Equations E16) Faraday's Law E17) Induction E18) Electromagnetic Waves EA) The Electromagnetic Transformation Law EB) Radiation from an Accelerating Particle.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Six Ideas That Shaped Physics is the 21st Century's alternative to traditional, encyclopedic textbooks. Thomas Moore designed this textbook to teach students the following: (1) To apply basic physical principles to realistic situations (2) To solve realistic problems (3) To resolve contradictions between their preconceptions and the laws of physics (4) To organize the ideas of physics into an integrated hierarchy. McGraw-Hill Education's Connect, is also available as an optional, add on item. Connect is the only integrated learning system that empowers students by continuously adapting to deliver precisely what they need, when they need it, how they need it, so that class time is more effective. Connect allows the professor to assign homework, quizzes, and tests easily and automatically grades and records the scores of the student's work. Problems are randomized to prevent sharing of answers an may also have a "multi-step solution" which helps move the students' learning along if they experience difficulty.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• N1) Newton's Law N2) Forces from Motion N3) Motion from Forces N4) Statics N5) Linearly Constrained Motion N6) Coupled Objects N7) Circularly Constrained Motion N8) Noninertial Frames N9) Projectile Motion N10) Oscillatory Motion N11) Kepler's Laws N12) Orbits and Conservation Laws NA) Differential Calculus NB) Integral Calculus.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Six Ideas That Shaped Physics is the 21st Century's alternative to traditional, encyclopedic textbooks. Thomas Moore designed this textbook to teach students the following: (1) To apply basic physical principles to realistic situations (2) To solve realistic problems (3) To resolve contradictions between their preconceptions and the laws of physics (4) To organize the ideas of physics into an integrated hierarchy. McGraw-Hill Education's Connect, is also available as an optional, add on item. Connect is the only integrated learning system that empowers students by continuously adapting to deliver precisely what they need, when they need it, how they need it, so that class time is more effective. Connect allows the professor to assign homework, quizzes, and tests easily and automatically grades and records the scores of the student's work. Problems are randomized to prevent sharing of answers an may also have a "multi-step solution" which helps move the students' learning along if they experience difficulty.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Q1) Wave Models Q2) Standing Waves and Resonance Q3) Interference and Diffraction Q4) The Particle Nature of Light Q5) The Wave Nature of Particles Q6) Spin Q7) The Rules of Quantum Mechanics Q8) Quantum Weirdness Q9) The Wavefunction Q10) Simple Quantum Models Q11) Spectra Q12) The Schrodinger Equation Q13) Introduction to Nuclei Q14) Nuclear Stability Q15) Nuclear Technology Appendix QA - Complex Numbers.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Six Ideas That Shaped Physics is the 21st Century's alternative to traditional, encyclopedic textbooks. Thomas Moore designed this textbook to teach students the following: (1) To apply basic physical principles to realistic situations (2) To solve realistic problems (3) To resolve contradictions between their preconceptions and the laws of physics (4) To organize the ideas of physics into an integrated hierarchy. McGraw-Hill Education's Connect, is also available as an optional, add on item. Connect is the only integrated learning system that empowers students by continuously adapting to deliver precisely what they need, when they need it, how they need it, so that class time is more effective. Connect allows the professor to assign homework, quizzes, and tests easily and automatically grades and records the scores of the student's work. Problems are randomized to prevent sharing of answers an may also have a "multi-step solution" which helps move the students' learning along if they experience difficulty.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• R1) The Principle of Relativity
• R2) Coordinate Time R3) The Spacetime Interval R4) Proper Time R5) Coordinate Transformations R6) Lorentz Contraction R7) The Cosmic Speed Limit R8) Four-Momentum R9) Conservation of Four-Momentum Appendix RA - Converting Equations to SI Units Appendix RB - The Relativistic Doppler Effect.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Six Ideas That Shaped Physics is the 21st Century's alternative to traditional, encyclopedic textbooks. Thomas Moore designed this textbook to teach students the following: (1) To apply basic physical principles to realistic situations (2) To solve realistic problems (3) To resolve contradictions between their preconceptions and the laws of physics (4) To organize the ideas of physics into an integrated hierarchy. McGraw-Hill Education's Connect, is also available as an optional, add on item. Connect is the only integrated learning system that empowers students by continuously adapting to deliver precisely what they need, when they need it, how they need it, so that class time is more effective. Connect allows the professor to assign homework, quizzes, and tests easily and automatically grades and records the scores of the student's work. Problems are randomized to prevent sharing of answers an may also have a "multi-step solution" which helps move the students' learning along if they experience difficulty.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

"Physicist Leonard Susskind and data engineer Art Friedman are back. This time, they introduce readers to Einstein's special relativity and Maxwell's classical field theory. Using their typical brand of real math, enlightening drawings, and humor, Susskind and Friedman walk us through the complexities of waves, forces, and particles by exploring special relativity and electromagnetism. It's a must-read for both devotees of the series and any armchair physicist who wants to improve their knowledge of physics' deepest truths."--Amazon.com.

• Kinematics, Part 1
• Kinematics, Part 2
• Dynamics
• 4-vectors
• General Relativity
• Appendices.

• Preface for Instructors ix Acknowledgments xi Introduction xiii Table of Symbols xv
• 1 Special Relativity 1 1.1 Galileo 2 1.2 Vectors and Tensors 3 1.3 Foundations of Relativity 13 1.4 Spacetime 15 1.5 Relativistic Dynamics 19
• 2 Scalar Fields 24 2.1 The Principle of Least Action 25 2.2 Continuous Fields 29 2.3 The Klein-Gordon Equation 32 2.4 Which Lagrangians Are Allowed? 33 2.5 Complex Scalar Fields 35
• 3 Noether's Theorem 43 3.1 Conserved Quantities for Particles 44 3.2 Noether's First Theorem 46 3.3 The Stress-Energy Tensor 49 3.4 Angular Momentum 52 3.5 Electric Charge 53 3.6 Digression: Inflation 54
• 4 Symmetry 61 4.1 What Groups Are 62 4.2 Finite Groups 63 4.3 Lie Groups 66 4.4 SU(2) 70 4.5 SU(3) 74
• 5 The Dirac Equation 79 5.1 Relativity and Quantum Mechanics 80 5.2 Solutions to the Dirac Equation 86 5.3 The Adjoint Spinor 88 5.4 Coordinate Transformations 90 5.5 Conserved Currents 93 5.6 Discrete Transforms 97 5.7 Quantum Free-Field Theory 100
• 6 Electromagnetism 109 6.1 A Toy Model of Electromagnetism 109 6.2 Gauge Transformations 112 6.3 Interpreting the Electromagnetic Lagrangian 116 6.4 Solutions to the Classical Free Field 122 6.5 The Low-Energy Limit 123 6.6 Looking Forward 126
• 7 Quantum Electrodynamics 129 7.1 Particle Decay 130 7.2 Scattering 140 7.3 Feynman Rules for the Toy Scalar Theory 148 7.4 QED 153
• 8 The Weak Interaction 164 8.1 Leptons 165 8.2 Massive Mediators 168 8.3 SU(2) 171 8.4 Helicity 177 8.5 Feynman Rules for the Weak Interaction 180
• 9 Electroweak Unification 184 9.1 Leptons and Quarks 184 9.2 Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking 192 9.3 The Higgs Mechanism 195 9.4 Higgs-Fermion Interactions 199 9.5 A Reflection on Free Parameters 202
• 10 Particle Mixing 205 10.1 Quarks 207 10.2 Neutrinos 216 10.3 Neutrino Masses 222
• 11 The Strong Interaction 229 11.1 SU(3) 229 11.2 Renormalization 238 11.3 Asymptotic Freedom 245
• 12 Beyond the Standard Model 253 12.1 Free Parameters 253 12.2 Grand Unified Theories 255 12.3 Supersymmetry 259 12.4 The Strong CP Problem 264 12.5 Some Open Questions 266 Appendix A Spinors and c-Matrices 271 Appendix B Decays and Cross Sections 274 Appendix C Feynman Rules 277 Appendix D Groups 281 Bibliography 283 Index 291.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

A concise and authoritative introduction to one of the central theories of modern physics For a theory as genuinely elegant as the Standard Model--the current framework describing elementary particles and their forces--it can sometimes appear to students to be little more than a complicated collection of particles and ranked list of interactions. The Standard Model in a Nutshell provides a comprehensive and uncommonly accessible introduction to one of the most important subjects in modern physics, revealing why, despite initial appearances, the entire framework really is as elegant as physicists say. Dave Goldberg uses a "just-in-time" approach to instruction that enables students to gradually develop a deep understanding of the Standard Model even if this is their first exposure to it. He covers everything from relativity, group theory, and relativistic quantum mechanics to the Higgs boson, unification schemes, and physics beyond the Standard Model. The book also looks at new avenues of research that could answer still-unresolved questions and features numerous worked examples, helpful illustrations, and more than 120 exercises. * Provides an essential introduction to the Standard Model for graduate students and advanced undergraduates across the physical sciences* Requires no more than an undergraduate-level exposure to quantum mechanics, classical mechanics, and electromagnetism* Uses a "just-in-time" approach to topics such as group theory, relativity, classical fields, Feynman diagrams, and quantum field theory* Couched in a conversational tone to make reading and learning easier* Ideal for a one-semester course or independent study* Includes a wealth of examples, illustrations, and exercises* Solutions manual (available only to professors).
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Popcorn and rockets
• What goes up must come down
• Small is beautiful
• A moment in time
• Making waves
• Why don't ducks get cold feet?
• Spoons, spirals and Sputnik
• When opposites attract
• A sense of perspective.

Take a look up at the stars on a clear night and you get a sense that the universe is vast and untouchable, full of mysteries beyond comprehension. But did you know that the key to unveiling the secrets of the cosmos is as close as the nearest toaster? Our home here on Earth is messy, mutable, and full of humdrum things that we touch and modify without much thought every day. But these familiar surroundings are just the place to look if you're interested in what makes the universe tick. In Storm in a Teacup, Helen Czerski provides the tools to alter the way we see everything around us by linking ordinary objects and occurrences, like popcorn popping, coffee stains, and fridge magnets, to big ideas like climate change, the energy crisis, or innovative medical testing. She guides us through the principles of gases ("Explosions in the kitchen are generally considered a bad idea. But just occasionally a small one can produce something delicious"); gravity (drop some raisins in a bottle of carbonated lemonade and watch the whoosh of bubbles and the dancing raisins at the bottom bumping into each other); size (Czerski explains the action of the water molecules that cause the crime-scene stain left by a puddle of dried coffee); and time (why it takes so long for ketchup to come out of a bottle). Along the way, she provides answers to vexing questions: How does water travel from the roots of a redwood tree to its crown? How do ducks keep their feet warm when walking on ice? Why does milk, when added to tea, look like billowing storm clouds? In an engaging voice at once warm and witty, Czerski shares her stunning breadth of knowledge to lift the veil of familiarity from the ordinary. You may never look at your toaster the same way.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book is a comprehensive, theoretical, practical, and thorough guide to XAFS spectroscopy. The book addresses XAFS fundamentals such as experiments, theory and data analysis, advanced XAFS methods such as operando XAFS, time-resolved XAFS, spatially resolved XAFS, total-reflection XAFS, high energy resolution XAFS, and practical applications to a variety of catalysts, nanomaterials and surfaces. This book is accessible to a broad audience in academia and industry, and will be a useful guide for researchers entering the subject and graduate students in a wide variety of disciplines.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Summary
• Preface
• Prologue
• Prelude
• Part I. The butterfly fractal
• 0. Kiss precise. Apollonian gaskets and integer wonderlands
• Appendix. An Apollonian sand painting--the world's largest artwork
• 1. The fractal family. The Mandelbrot set
• The Feigenbaum set
• Classic fractals
• The Hofstadter set
• Appendix. Harper's equation as an iterative mapping
• 2. Geometry, number theory, and the butterfly : friendly numbers and kissing circles. Ford circles, the Farey tree, and the butterfly
• A butterfly at every scale--butterfly recursions
• Scaling and universality
• The butterfly and a hidden trefoil symmetry
• Closing words : physics and number theory
• Appendix A. Hofstadter recursions and butterfly generations
• Appendix B. Some theorems of number theory
• Appendix C. Continued-fraction expansions
• Appendix D. Nearest-integer continued fraction expansion
• Appendix E. Farey paths and some comments on universality
• 3. The Apollonian-butterfly connection (ABC). Integral Apollonian gaskets (IAG) and the butterfly
• The kaleidoscopic effect and trefoil symmetry
• Beyond Ford Apollonian gaskets and fountain butterflies
• Appendix. Quadratic Diophantine equations and IAGs --

• 4. Quasiperiodic patterns and the butterfly. A tale of three irrationals
• Self-similar butterfly hierarchies
• The diamond, golden, and silver hierarchies, and Hofstadter recursions
• Symmetries and quasiperiodicities
• Appendix. Quasicrystals
• Part II. Butterfly in the quantum world
• 5. The quantum world. Wave or particle--what is it?
• Quantization
• What is waving?--The Schrödinger picture
• Quintessentially quantum
• Quantum effects in the macroscopic world
• 6. A quantum-mechanical marriage and its unruly child. Two physical situations joined in a quantum-mechanical marriage
• The marvelous pure number [phi]
• Harper's equation, describing Bloch electrons in a magnetic field
• Harper's equation as a recursion relation
• On the key role of inexplicable artistic intuitions in physics
• Discovering the strange eigenvalue spectrum of Harper's equation
• Continued fractions and the looming nightmare of discontinuity
• Polynomials that dance on several levels at once
• A short digression on INT and on perception of visual patterns
• The spectrum belonging to irrational values of [phi] and the "ten-martini problem"
• In which continuity (of a sort) is finally established
• Infinitely recursively scalloped wave functions : cherries on the doctoral sundae
• Closing words
• Appendix. Supplementary material on Harper's equation --

• Part III. Topology and the butterfly
• 7. A different kind of quantization : the quantum Hall effect. What is the Hall effect? Classical and quantum answers
• A charged particle in a magnetic field : cyclotron orbits and their quantization
• Landau levels in the Hofstadter butterfly
• Topological insulators
• Appendix A. Excerpts from the 1985 Nobel Prize press release
• Appendix B. Quantum mechanics of electrons in a magnetic field
• Appendix C. Quantization of the Hall conductivity
• 8. Topology and topological invariants : preamble to the topological aspects of the quantum Hall effect
• A puzzle : the precision and the quantization of Hall conductivity
• Topological invariants
• Anholonomy : parallel transport and the Foucault pendulum
• Geometrization of the Foucault pendulum
• Berry magnetism--effective vector potential and monopoles
• The ESAB effect as an example of anholonomy
• Appendix. Classical parallel transport and magnetic monopoles
• 9. The Berry phase and the quantum Hall effect. The Berry phase
• Examples of Berry phase
• Chern numbers in two-dimensional electron gases
• Conclusion : the quantization of Hall conductivity
• Closing words : topology and physical phenomena
• Appendix A. Berry magnetism and the Berry phase
• Appendix B. The Berry phase and 2 x 2 matrices
• Appendix C. What causes Berry curvature? Dirac strings, vortices, and magnetic monopoles
• Appendix D. The two-band lattice model for the quantum Hall effect --

• 10. The kiss precise and precise quantization. Diophantus gives us two numbers for each swath in the butterfly
• Chern labels not just for swaths but also for bands
• A topological map of the butterfly
• Apollonian-butterfly connection : where are the Chern numbers?
• A topological landscape that has trefoil symmetry
• Chern-dressed wave functions
• Summary and outlook
• Part IV. Catching the butterfly
• 11. The art of tinkering. The most beautiful physics experiments
• 12. The butterfly in the laboratory
• Two-dimensional electron gases, superlattices, and the butterfly revealed
• Magical carbon : a new net for the Hofstadter butterfly
• A potentially sizzling hot topic in ultracold atom laboratories
• Appendix. Excerpts from the 2010 Physics Nobel Prize press release
• 13. The butterfly gallery : variations on a theme of Philip G Harper
• 14. Divertimento
• 15. Gratitude
• 16. Poetic math & science
• 17. Coda.

"Butterfly in the Quantum World by Indu Satija, with contributions by Douglas Hofstadter, is the first book to tell the story of the "Hofstadter butterfly", a beautiful and fascinating graph lying at the heart of the quantum theory of matter. The butterfly came out of a simple-sounding question: What happens if you immerse a crystal in a magnetic field? What energies can the electrons take on? From 1930 onwards, physicists struggled to answer this question, until 1974, when graduate student Douglas Hofstadter discovered that the answer was a graph consisting of nothing but copies of itself nested down infinitely many times. This wild mathematical object caught the physics world totally by surprise, and it continues to mesmerize physicists and mathematicians today. The butterfly plot is intimately related to many other important phenomena in number theory and physics, including Apollonian gaskets, the Foucault pendulum, quasicrystals, the quantum Hall effect and many more. Its story reflects the magic, the mystery and the simplicity of the laws of nature, and Indu Satija, in a wonderfully personal style, relates this story, enriching it with a vast number of lively historical anecdotes, many photographs, beautiful visual images and even poems, making her book a great feast for the eyes, for the mind and for the soul."--Page 4 of cover.