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• 1 UV/Vis Spectroscopy 1.1 Theoretical Introduction 1.2 Sample Preparation and Measurement of Spectra 1.3 Chromophores 1.4 Applications of UV/Vis Spectroscopy 1.5 Derivative Spectroscopy 1.6 Chiroptical Methods
• 2 Infrared and Raman Spectra 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Basic Principles 2.3 Infrared Spectrometer 2.4 Sample Preparation 2.5 Infrared Spectrum 2.6 Characteristic Absorptions: An Overview 2.7 Infrared Absorptions of Single Bonds with Hydrogen 2.8 Infrared Absorptions of Triple Bonds and Cumulated Double Bonds 2.9 Infrared Absorptions of Double Bonds C=O, C=N, N=N, and N=O 2.10 Infrared Absorption of Aromatic Compounds 2.11 Infrared Absorption in the Fingerprint Range 2.12 Examples of Infrared Spectra 2.13 Information Technology Assisted Spectroscopy 2.14 Quantitative Infrared Spectroscopy 2.15 Raman Spectroscopy
• 3 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 3.1 Physical Principles 3.2 NMR Spectra and Molecular Structure 3.3 1H NMR Spectroscopy 3.4 13C NMR Spectroscopy 3.5 Combination of 1H and 13C NMR Spectroscopy 3.6 NMR of other Nuclei
• 4 Mass Spectrometry 4.1 Introduction 4.2 General Aspects of Mass Spectrometry 4.3 Instrumental Aspects 4.4 Interpretation of Spectra and Structural Elucidation 4.5 Sample Preparation 4.6 Artifacts 4.7 Tables to the Mass Spectrometry
• 5 Handling of Spectra and Analytical Data: Practical Examples 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Characterization of Compounds 5.3 Structure Elucidation of Allegedly Known Compounds and of Products Arising from Syntheses 5.4 Structure Elucidation of COmpletely Unknown Compounds.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Boost your knowledge of modern spectroscopic methods! This reference work provides you with essential knowledge for the application of modern spectroscopic methods in organic chemistry. All methods are explained based on typical practical examples, theoretical aspects, and applications. The following spectroscopic methods are explained and examples are given: UV/Vis Spectroscopy Infrared (IR) and Raman Spectroscopy Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) Mass Spectrometry (MS) The textbook has been a standard reference for decades. As it conveys necessary knowledge for examinations at all universities it is compulsory reading for every organic chemistry student!.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Chapter 1 Bond-Line Drawings 1 1.1 How to Read Bond-Line Drawings 1 1.2 How to Draw Bond-Line Drawings 4 1.3 Mistakes to Avoid 6 1.4 More Exercises 6 1.5 Identifying Formal Charges 8 1.6 Finding Lone Pairs that are Not Drawn 11 Chapter 2 Resonance 15 2.1 What is Resonance? 15 2.2 Curved Arrows: The Tools for Drawing Resonance Structures 16 2.3 The Two Commandments 17 2.4 Drawing Good Arrows 20 2.5 Formal Charges in Resonance Structures 22 2.6 Drawing Resonance Structures-Step by Step 25 2.7 Drawing Resonance Structures-by Recognizing Patterns 29 2.8 Assessing the Relative Importance of Resonance Structures 36 Chapter 3 Acid-Base Reactions 41 3.1 Factor 1-What Atom is the Charge On? 41 3.2 Factor 2-Resonance 44 3.3 Factor 3-Induction 47 3.4 Factor 4-Orbitals 49 3.5 Ranking the Four Factors 50 3.6 Other Factors 53 3.7 Quantitative Measurement (pKa Values) 54 3.8 Predicting the Position of Equilibrium 54 3.9 Showing a Mechanism 55 Chapter 4 Geometry 57 4.1 Orbitals and Hybridization States 57 4.2 Geometry 60 4.3 Lone Pairs 62 Chapter 5 Nomenclature 64 5.1 Functional Group 65 5.2 Unsaturation 66 5.3 Naming the Parent Chain 67 5.4 Naming Substituents 70 5.5 Stereoisomerism 72 5.6 Numbering 74 5.7 Common Names 78 5.8 Going from a Name to a Structure 79 Chapter 6 Conformations 80 6.1 How to Draw a Newman Projection 80 6.2 Ranking the Stability of Newman Projections 84 6.3 Drawing Chair Conformations 86 6.4 Placing Groups on the Chair 90 6.5 Ring Flipping 93 6.6 Comparing the Stability of Chairs 99 6.7 Don't Be Confused by the Nomenclature 102 Chapter 7 Configurations 103 7.1 Locating Chiral Centers 103 7.2 Determining the Configuration of a Chiral Center 106 7.3 Nomenclature 113 7.4 Drawing Enantiomers 116 7.5 Diastereomers 120 7.6 Meso Compounds 121 7.7 Drawing Fischer Projections 123 7.8 Optical Activity 127 Chapter 8 Mechanisms 129 8.1 Introduction to Mechanisms 129 8.2 Nucleophiles and Electrophiles 129 8.3 Basicity vs. Nucleophilicity 131 8.4 Arrow-Pushing Patterns for Ionic Mechanisms 133 8.5 Carbocation Rearrangements 138 8.6 Information Contained in a Mechanism 142 Chapter 9 Substitution Reactions 145 9.1 The Mechanisms 145 9.2 Factor 1-The Electrophile (Substrate) 147 9.3 Factor 2-The Nucleophile 149 9.4 Factor 3-The Leaving Group 151 9.5 Factor 4-The Solvent 153 9.6 Using All Four Factors 155 9.7 Substitution Reactions Teach Us Some Important Lessons 156 Chapter 10 Elimination Reactions 157 10.1 The E2 Mechanism 157 10.2 The Regiochemical Outcome of an E2 Reaction 158 10.3 The Stereochemical Outcome of an E2 Reaction 159 10.4 The E1 Mechanism 162 10.5 The Regiochemical Outcome of an E1 Reaction 163 10.6 The Stereochemical Outcome of an E1 Reaction 164 10.7 Substitution vs. Elimination 164 10.8 Determining the Function of the Reagent 165 10.9 Identifying the Mechanism(s) 167 10.10 Predicting the Products 169 Chapter 11 Addition Reactions 172 11.1 Terminology Describing Regiochemistry 172 11.2 Terminology Describing Stereochemistry 174 11.3 Adding H and H 180 11.4 Adding H and X, Markovnikov 183 11.5 Adding H and Br, Anti-Markovnikov 188 11.6 Adding H and OH, Markovnikov 192 11.7 Adding H and OH, Anti-Markovnikov 194 11.8 Synthesis Techniques 198 11.9 Adding Br and Br
• Adding Br and OH 204 11.10 Adding OH and OH, Anti 209 11.11 Adding OH and OH, syn 211 11.12 Oxidative Cleavage of an Alkene 213 Summary of Reactions 214 Chapter 12 Alkynes 216 12.1 Structure and Properties of Alkynes 216 12.2 Preparation of Alkynes 218 12.3 Alkylation of Terminal Alkynes 219 12.4 Reduction of Alkynes 221 12.5 Hydration of Alkynes 224 12.6 Keto-Enol Tautomerization 227 12.7 Ozonolysis of Alkynes 232 Chapter 13 Alcohols 234 13.1 Naming and Designating Alcohols 234 13.2 Predicting Solubility of Alcohols 235 13.3 Predicting Relative Acidity of Alcohols 237 13.4 Preparing Alcohols: A Review 239 13.5 Preparing Alcohols via Reduction 240 13.6 Preparing Alcohols via Grignard Reactions 246 13.7 Summary of Methods for Preparing Alcohols 249 13.8 Reactions of Alcohols: Substitution and Elimination 250 13.9 Reactions of Alcohols: Oxidation 253 13.10 Converting an Alcohol into an Ether 255 Chapter 14 Ethers and Epoxides 257 14.1 Introduction to Ethers 257 14.2 Preparation of Ethers 259 14.3 Reactions of Ethers 261 14.4 Preparation of Epoxides 262 14.5 Ring-Opening Reactions of Epoxides 264 Chapter 15 Synthesis 270 15.1 One-Step Syntheses 271 15.2 Multistep Syntheses 283 15.3 Retrosynthetic Analysis 284 15.4 Creating Your Own Problems 285 Detailed Solutions 287 Index 381.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Organic chemistry can be a challenging subject. Most students view organic chemistry as a subject requiring hours upon hours of memorization. Author David Klein's Second Language books prove this is not true-organic chemistry is one continuous story that actually makes sense if you pay attention. Offering a unique skill-building approach, these market-leading books teach students how to ask the right questions to solve problems, study more efficiently to avoid wasting time, and learn to speak the language of organic chemistry. Covering the initial half of the course, Organic Chemistry as a Second Language: First Semester Topics reviews critical principles and explains their relevance to the rest of the course. Each section provides hands-on exercises and step-by-step explanations to help students fully comprehend classroom lectures and textbook content. Now in its fifth edition, this valuable study resource covers the characteristics of molecules, the nature of atomic bonds, the relationships between different types of molecules, drawing and naming molecules, and essential molecular reactions.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Chapter 1 Aromaticity 1 1.1 Introduction to Aromatic Compounds 1 1.2 Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds 2 1.3 Criteria for Aromaticity 6 1.4 Lone Pairs 9
• Chapter 2 IR Spectroscopy 11 2.1 Vibrational Excitation 11 2.2 IR Spectra 13 2.3 Wavenumber 13 2.4 Signal Intensity 18 2.5 Signal Shape 19 2.6 Analyzing an IR Spectrum 26
• Chapter 3 NMR Spectroscopy 33 3.1 Chemical Equivalence 33 3.2 Chemical Shift (Benchmark Values) 36 3.3 Integration 41 3.4 Multiplicity 44 3.5 Pattern Recognition 46 3.6 Complex Splitting 48 3.7 No Splitting 49 3.8 Hydrogen Deficiency Index (Degrees of Unsaturation) 50 3.9 Analyzing a Proton NMR Spectrum 53 3.10 13C NMR Spectroscopy 57
• Chapter 4 Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution 60 4.1 Halogenation and the Role of Lewis Acids 61 4.2 Nitration 65 4.3 Friedel-Crafts Alkylation and Acylation 67 4.4 Sulfonation 74 4.5 Activation and Deactivation 78 4.6 Directing Effects 80 4.7 Identifying Activators and Deactivators 89 4.8 Predicting and Exploiting Steric Effects 99 4.9 Synthesis Strategies 106
• Chapter 5 Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution 112 5.1 Criteria for Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution 112 5.2 SNAr Mechanism 114 5.3 Elimination-Addition 120 5.4 Mechanism Strategies 125
• Chapter 6 Ketones and Aldehydes 127 6.1 Preparation of Ketones and Aldehydes 127 6.2 Stability and Reactivity of C===O Bonds 130 6.3 H-Nucleophiles 132 6.4 O-Nucleophiles 137 6.5 S-Nucleophiles 147 6.6 N-Nucleophiles 149 6.7 C-Nucleophiles 157 6.8 Exceptions to the Rule 166 6.9 How to Approach Synthesis Problems 170
• Chapter 7 Carboxylic Acid Derivatives 176 7.1 Reactivity of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives 176 7.2 General Rules 177 7.3 Acid Halides 181 7.4 Acid Anhydrides 189 7.5 Esters 191 7.6 Amides and Nitriles 200 7.7 Synthesis Problems 209
• Chapter 8 Enols and Enolates 217 8.1 Alpha Protons 217 8.2 Keto-Enol Tautomerism 219 8.3 Reactions Involving Enols 223 8.4 Making Enolates 226 8.5 Haloform Reaction 229 8.6 Alkylation of Enolates 232 8.7 Aldol Reactions 236 8.8 Claisen Condensation 242 8.9 Decarboxylation 249 8.10 Michael Reactions 256
• Chapter 9 Amines 263 9.1 Nucleophilicity and Basicity of Amines 263 9.2 Preparation of Amines Through SN2 Reactions 265 9.3 Preparation of Amines Through Reductive Amination 268 9.4 Acylation of Amines 273 9.5 Reactions of Amines with Nitrous Acid 276 9.6 Aromatic Diazonium Salts 279
• Chapter 10 Diels-Alder Reactions 282 10.1 Introduction and Mechanism 282 10.2 The Dienophile 285 10.3 The Diene 286 10.4 Other Pericyclic Reactions 292 Detailed Solutions S-1 Index I-1.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Organic chemistry can be a challenging subject. Most students view organic chemistry as a subject requiring hours upon hours of memorization. Author David Klein's Second Language books prove this is not true-organic chemistry is one continuous story that actually makes sense if you pay attention. Offering a unique skill-building approach, these market-leading books teach students how to ask the right questions to solve problems, study more efficiently to avoid wasting time, and learn to speak the language of organic chemistry. The fifth edition of Organic Chemistry as a Second Language: Second Semester Topics builds upon the principles previously explored in first half of the course-delving deeper into molecular mechanisms, reactions, and analytical techniques. Hands-on exercises and thoroughly-explained solutions further reinforce student comprehension of chemical concepts and organic principles. An indispensable supplement to the primary text, this resource covers aromatic compounds, infrared (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, nucleophilic and electrophilic aromatic substitution, ketones and aldehydes, carboxylic acid derivatives, and much more.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1 Introduction
• 2 Photocatalysis: The Principles
• 3 Practical Aspects of Photocatalysis
• 4 Photocatalytic Oxidative C-C Bond Formation
• 5 Decarboxylative Coupling Reactions
• 6 Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer
• 7 Organocatalysis with Amines in Photocatalysis
• 8 Copper-Based Photocatalysts for Visible-Light-Mediated Organic Transformations
• 9 Gold in Photocatalysis
• 10 Palladium in Photocatalysis
• 11 Nickel in Photocatalysis
• 12 Acridinium Dyes and Quinones in Photocatalysis
• 13 Flavins in Photocatalysis
• 14 Organic Dyes in Photocatalytic Reductive C-H Arylations
• 15 Silicates in Photocatalysis
• 16 Photocatalytic Cycloadditions
• 17 Photocatalytic Carbon-Heteroatom Bond Formation
• 18 Photocatalytic Introduction of Fluorinated Groups
• 19 Heterogeneous Photocatalysis in Organic Synthesis
• 20 Photocatalysis in the Pharmaceutical Industry.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The field of photocatalysis has developed rapidly over the last decade and it is time to clarify its impact on organic synthesis. This volume is an opportunity to provide the defining and current reference work for this field. A primary objective is to collect together the most useful, practical, and reliable methods for photocatalysis and to introduce them to a larger audience. The fundamental concepts of photophysics are introduduced and laboratory set-ups are described, enabling newcomers to the field to instantly apply these new tools in synthesis. Rather than aiming for comprehensive coverage, solutions for challenging transformations in synthesis applying visible light and suitable dyes are presented. A team of pioneers and leaders in the field has been assembled, who discuss both the practical and conceptual aspects of this rapidly growing field. Scope, limitations, and mechanism of the reactions are covered and key experimental procedures are included.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Prologue
• Silence
• Movement 1, Earth : carbon, the element of crystals
• Movement 2, Air : carbon, the element of cycles
• Movement 3, Fire : carbon, the element of stuff
• Movement 4, Water : carbon, the element of life
• Finale : earth, air, fire, and water.

Carbon is everywhere: in the paper of this book and the blood of our bodies. It's with us from beginning to end, present in our baby clothes and coffin alike. We live on a carbon planet, and we are carbon life. No other element is so central to our well-being; yet, when missing or misaligned, carbon atoms can also bring about disease and even death. At once ubiquitous and mysterious, carbon holds the answers to some of humanity's biggest questions. Where did Earth come from? What will ultimately become of it-and of us? With poetic storytelling, earth scientist Robert M. Hazen explores the universe to discover the past, present, and future of life's most essential element. We're not only "made of star stuff, " as Carl Sagan famously observed, but "Big Bang stuff, " too. Hazen reveals that carbon's grand symphony began with a frenzied prelude shortly after the dawn of creation, bringing new attention to the tiny number of Big Bang-created carbon atoms that often get overlooked. In minutes, violently colliding protons and neutrons improbably formed the first carbon atoms, which can still be found within our bodies. His book then unfolds in four movements, building momentum as he explores carbon as the element of Earth, Air, Fire, and Water. He visits the famed volcanic crater Solfatara di Pozzuoli near Naples, where venting carbon dioxide and other noxious fumes condense into beautiful crystals. He climbs the cliffs of the Scottish Highlands and delves deep into the precious-metal mines of Namibia, journeying toward Earth's mysterious core in search of undocumented carbon structures. Hazen often asks us to pause and consider carbon's role in climate change and what we can do about it, for our lives and this element are inextricably intertwined. With prose that sparkles like a diamond, Symphony in C tells the story of carbon, in which we all have a part.
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• Prologue Chapter 1 Structure and Bonding Chapter 2 Acids and Bases Chapter 3 Introduction to Organic Molecules and Functional Groups Chapter 4 Alkanes Chapter 5 Stereochemistry Chapter 6 Understanding Organic Reactions Chapter 7 Alkyl Halides and Nucleophilic Substitution Chapter 8 Alkyl Halides and Elimination Reactions Chapter 9 Alcohols, Ethers, and Related Compounds Chapter 10 Alkenes Chapter 11 Alkynes Chapter 12 Oxidation and Reduction Chapter 13 Mass Spectrometry and Infrared Spectroscopy Chapter 14 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Chapter 15 Radical Reactions Chapter 16 Conjugation, Resonance, and Dienes Chapter 17 Benzene and Aromatic Compounds Chapter 18 Reactions of Aromatic Compounds Chapter 19 Carboxylic Acids and the Acidity of the O-H Bond Chapter 20 Introduction to Carbonyl Chemistry: Organometallic Reagents
• Oxidation and Reduction Chapter 21 Aldehydes and Ketones-Nucleophilic Addition Chapter 22 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives-Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Chapter 23 Substitution Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds at the Carbon Chapter 24 Carbonyl Condensation Reactions Chapter 25 Amines Chapter 26 Amino Acids and Proteins Chapter 27 Carbohydrates Chapter 28 Lipids Chapter 29 Carbon-Carbon Bond-Forming Reactions in Organic Synthesis Chapter 30 Pericyclic Reactions Chapter 31 Synthetic Polymers (Available online).
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Smith's Organic Chemistry with Biological Topics continues to breathe new life into the organic chemistry world. This new fifth edition retains its popular delivery of organic chemistry content in a student-friendly format. Janice Smith draws on her extensive teaching background to deliver organic chemistry in a way in which students learn: with limited use of text paragraphs, and through concisely written bulleted lists and highly detailed, well-labeled "teaching" illustrations. The fifth edition features a modernized look with updated chemical structures throughout. Because of the close relationship between chemistry and many biological phenomena, Organic Chemistry with Biological Topics presents an approach to traditional organic chemistry that incorporates the discussion of biological applications that are understood using the fundamentals of organic chemistry. See the New to Organic Chemistry with Biological Topics section for detailed content changes. Don't make your text decision without seeing Organic Chemistry, 5th edition by Janice Gorzynski Smith and Heidi Vollmer-Snarr! .
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• The Organic Chemistry Literature. Abstracting and Other Current Awareness Services. Principal Electronic Dictionaries. Useful Reference Works and Review Series. Patents, Including Patent Awareness Services. Cheminformatics Companies. Primary Journals. Endnotes. Nomenclature Fundamentals . IUPAC Nomenclature. CAS Nomenclature. Types of Name. Constructing a Systematic Name. Nomenclature of Ring Systems. Ring Systems (General). Bridged Ring Systems. Spiro Compounds. Heterocyclic Ring Systems. Ring Assemblies. Ring Fusion Names. Nomenclature of Individual Classes of Compound. Carbohydrates. Alditols and Cyclitols. Amino Acids and Peptides. Natural Products (General). Steroids. Lipids. Carotenoids. Lignans. Nucleotides and Nucleosides. Tetrapyrroles. Organoboron Compounds. Organophosphorus (and Organoarsenic) Compounds. Azo and Azoxy Compounds. Labelled Compounds. Tautomeric Compounds. Acronyms and Miscellaneous Terms Used in Describing Organic Molecules. Abbreviations and Acronyms for Reagents and Protecting Groups in Organic Chemistry. Glossary of Miscellaneous Terms and Techniques Used in Nomenclature, Including Colloquial Terms. Stereochemistry. The Sequence Rule: R and S. Graphical and Textual Representations of Stereochemistry. Chiral Molecules with No Centres of Chirality. E and Z. The D, L-System. Descriptors and Terms Used in Stereochemistry. Graphical Representation of Organic Compounds. Zigzag Natta Projection. Stereochemistry. CAS Numbers, InChI, and Other Identifiers. CAS Registry Numbers. InChI. Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System (SMILES). Molecular Formulae. The Hill System. Chemical Abstracts Conventions.Checking Molecular Formulae. Chemical Hazard Information for the Laboratory. Hazard and Risk Assessment. Physical and Reactive Chemical Hazards. Health Hazards. Handling and Storage of Chemicals. Hazardous Reaction Mixtures. Disposal of Chemicals. Solvents. Peroxide- Forming Chemicals. Further Literature Sources. Spectroscopy. Infrared Spectroscopy. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Mass Spectrometry. Introduction. Ionisation Techniques and Mass Spectrometer Systems. Interpreting Mass Spectra and Molecular Mass. Sample Introduction and Solvent Systems for Electrospray Mass Spectrometry. Common Adducts and Contaminants in Mass Spectra. MALDI Matrices. Fragment Ions and Neutral Losses. Natural Abundance and Isotopic Masses of Selected Isotopes and Nuclear Particles. Glossary of Abbreviations and Terms Commonly Used in Mass Spectrometry. Crystallography. Introduction. Definitions.Crystallographic Point Groups. Space Groups. Reciprocal Lattice. Examples of Organic Crystals. CIF Data Format. Bragg's Law and the X-Ray Spectrum. Crystal Specimen Preparation for X-Ray Analysis. Chromatographic Chiral Separation. Types of Molecular Interactions. Diastereomeric Compounds and Complexes. Chiral Mobile Phases. Chiral Stationary Phases. Laboratory Data and SI Units. Solvents. Buffer Solutions. Acid and Base Dissociation Constants. Resolving Agents. Freezing Mixtures. Materials Used for Heating Baths. Drying Agents. Pressure-Temperature Nomograph. SI Units. Languages. A German-English Dictionary. Russian and Greek Alphabets. SI Units. Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

• The Organic Chemistry Literature Abstracting and Other Current Awareness Services Principal Electronic Dictionaries and Chemical Compound Databases Reference Works and Review Series Patent Literature on the Web
• Primary Journals Electronic Sources for Chemistry Journals Leading Publishers of Chemistry Journals and Chemical Information
• Nomenclature Fundamentals Introduction IUPAC Nomenclature General Principles of Nomenclature Chemical Abstracts (CAS) Nomenclature Types of Name Constructing a Systematic Name Azo and Azoxy Compounds Tautomeric Compounds Nomenclature Algorithms
• Nomenclature of Ring Systems Ring Systems (General) Bridged Ring Systems Heterocyclic Ring Systems Spiro Compounds Ring Assemblies Ring Fusion Names
• Stereochemistry The Sequence Rule: R and S Graphical and Textual Representations of Stereochemistry Chiral Molecules with No Centres of Chirality E and Z The d, l-System Descriptors and Terms Used in Stereochemistry
• Graphical Representation of Organic Compounds Zigzag Natta Projection Stereochemistry
• Structure and Nomenclature of Some Individual Classes of Compounds Carbohydrates Alditols and Cyclitols Amino Acids and Peptides Nucleotides and Nucleosides Steroids Lipids Organoboron Compounds Organophosphorus (and Organoarsenic) Compounds Labelled Compounds
• Infrared and Ultraviolet Spectroscopy Infrared Spectroscopy Ultraviolet Spectroscopy
• Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Common Nuclei Used in NMR Chemical Shift Data Coupling Constants Modern NMR Techniques for Structural Elucidation of Small Molecules Determination of Structure by a Combination of IR and NMR
• Mass Spectrometry Introduction Ionisation Techniques and Mass Spectrometer Systems Interpreting Mass Spectra and Molecular Mass Sample Introduction and Solvent Systems for Electrospray Mass Spectrometry Common Adducts and Contaminants in Mass Spectra MALDI Matrices Fragment Ions and Neutral Losses Natural Abundance and Isotopic Masses of Selected Isotopes and Nuclear Particles Glossary of Abbreviations and Terms Commonly Used in Mass Spectrometry
• Crystallography Introduction Definitions Crystallographic Point Groups Space Groups Reciprocal Lattice Examples of Organic Crystals CIF Data Format Bragg's Law and the X-ray Spectrum Crystal Specimen Preparation for X-ray Analysis
• Chemical Hazard Information for the Laboratory Hazard and Risk Assessment Physical and Reactive Chemical Hazards Health Hazards of Chemicals Handling and Storage of Chemicals Hazardous Reaction Mixtures Disposal of Chemicals Solvents Peroxide-Forming Chemicals Reactive Inorganic Reagents Including Strong Acids and Bases COSHH Assessments for the Organic Chemistry Laboratory Further Literature Sources of Hazard Information
• Abbreviations and Acronyms for Reagents and Protecting Groups in Organic Chemistry
• Glossary of Miscellaneous Terms and Techniques Used in Nomenclature, Including Colloquial Terms
• Representation of Organic Compounds: Molecular Formulae, CAS Registry Numbers and Linear Notations Molecular Formulae CAS Registry Numbers InChI (TM) Simplified Molecular-Input Line-Entry System
• Laboratory Data and SI Units Solvents Buffer Solutions Acid and Base Dissociation Constants Resolving Agents Freezing Mixtures Materials Used for Heating Baths Drying Agents Properties of Common Gases Pressure-Temperature Nomograph SI Units Further Reading on SI Units Websites
• Languages German-English Dictionary Russian and Greek Alphabets
• Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Launched in 1995 as a companion to the Dictionary of Organic Compounds, the Organic Chemist's Desk Reference has been essential reading for laboratory chemists who need a succinct guide to the 'nuts and bolts' of organic chemistry - the literature, nomenclature, stereochemistry, spectroscopy, hazard information, and laboratory data. This third edition reflects changes in the dissemination of chemical information, revisions to chemical nomenclature, and the adoption of new techniques in NMR spectroscopy, which have taken place since publication of the last edition in 2011. Organic chemistry embraces many other disciplines - from material sciences to molecular biology - whose practitioners will benefit from the comprehensive but concise information brought together in this book. Extensively revised and updated, this new edition contains the very latest data that chemists need access to for experimentation and research.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Chapter 1. Introduction
• * Nomenclature, Structure, and Stability * Generation of Carbocations * The Non-Classical Ion Controversy * Electrophilic Addition to Alkenes * Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution * Elimination reactions * Rearrangement Reactions of Carbocations * References
• Chapter 2. Nucleophilic Aliphatic Substitution - SN1
• * Introduction *-Activated Alcohols-Bronsted Acids *-Activated Alcohols-Lewis Acids * Alkylation of Aldehydes and Ketones * Glycosylation * Friedel-Crafts Alkylation and Acylation * Electrophilic Fluorination Using Fluoronium Ion * Miscellaneous SN1-related Reactions * References
• Chapter 3. Nucleophilic Aliphatic Substitution - SN2
• * Construction of Quaternary Stereogenic Centers * Sulfur Chemistry * Organometallic Chemistry * Macrocyclization * Glycosylation * Nucleoside Analogues *N-Alkylation * Cyclotetraphosphazenes * Conformationally Locked Tetrahydropyran Ring * The Ionic Liquid Effect * Silver Chemistry * References Chapter 4. Electrophilic Addition to Alkenes
• * Introduction * Cyclopropanation * Hydroboration/Oxidation * The Pauson-Khand Reaction * Prins Reaction * Schmidt Reaction * Halogenation * Oxymercuration/Reduction * Epoxidation * Gold-Catalyzed Alkyne Hydration * Conclusion * References
• Chapter 5. Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
• * Introduction * Nitration * Halogenation * Friedel-Crafts Alkylation * Friedel-Crafts Acylation * Applications of Friedel-Crafts Reaction on Total Synthesis * Miscellaneous Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions * References
• Chapter 6. Fragmentation and Rearrangement Reactions
• * Claisen Rearrangements * Cope Rearrangements * Cope Rearrangements * Aldehyde (or Ketone) Formation Rearrangements * Carboxylic Acid Formation Rearrangements * Alcohol Formation Rearrangements * Amine Formation Rearrangement * Amides * Hydrocarbon Rearrangements * Oxacyclic, Carbocyclic, Oxazoles, Tetrahydrapuran and Tetrahydropuran Formation Rearrangements * Rearrangements resulting in less common functional groups * Fragmentations * References.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Carbocation chemistry is not only fundamental to the advancement of organic chemistry, it also has found widespread applications in organic synthesis. It is not an exaggeration to say that carbocation chemistry is part of the foundation of organic chemistry. Carbocation Chemistry: Applications in Organic Synthesis provides a panoramic view of carbocation chemistry with an emphasis on synthetic applications. This book is an invaluable tool for organic, medicinal and analytical chemists, including those working in biochemistry as well as the petroleum, plastics and pharmaceutical industries. It is also suitable for upper level undergraduates and graduates in organic chemistry, biochemistry and medicinal chemistry.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Separation and purification of mixtures
• Modification of sp3 carbon
• Substitution at non-aryl sp2 carbon
• Addition at non-aryl sp2 carbon
• Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
• Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution
• Transition Metal Catalysed Substitution
• Addition to sp carbon
• Preparation of alkenes
• Peryciclic reactions
• Radical reactions
• Oxidations
• Reductions
• Rearrangements
• Biotransformations
• Polymerization reactions
• Other transformations
• Chiral Resolutions--.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This expansive and practical textbook contains organic chemistry experiments for teaching in the laboratory at the undergraduate level covering a range of functional group transformations and key organic reactions.The editorial team have collected contributions from around the world and standardized them for publication. Each experiment will explore a modern chemistry scenario, such as: sustainable chemistry; application in the pharmaceutical industry; catalysis and material sciences, to name a few. All the experiments will be complemented with a set of questions to challenge the students and a section for the instructors, concerning the results obtained and advice on getting the best outcome from the experiment. A section covering practical aspects with tips and advice for the instructors, together with the results obtained in the laboratory by students, has been compiled for each experiment. Targeted at professors and lecturers in chemistry, this useful text will provide up to date experiments putting the science into context for the students.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Foreword vii Preface ix Copper-Catalyzed Amination of Aryl and Alkenyl Electrophiles 1 Kevin H. Shaughnessy, Engelbert Ciganek, and Rebecca B. DeVasher
• Index 675.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The metal-catalyzed amination of aryl and alkenyl electrophiles has developed into a widely used methodology for the synthesis of natural products, active pharmaceutical ingredients, agricultural chemicals, and materials for molecular electronics. Copper catalysts promote the coupling of a wide range of nitrogen nucleophiles, including amines, amides, and heteroaromatic nitrogen compounds with aryl and alkenyl halides. The reactivity profile of copper catalysts is complementary to that of palladium catalysts in many cases. Copper catalysts are highly effective with less nucleophilic nitrogen nucleophiles, such as amides and azoles, whereas palladium catalysts are more effective with more nucleophilic amine nucleophiles. Copper is an attractive alternative to palladium due to its significantly lower cost. In addition, high activity palladium catalysts require expensive and often air-sensitive ligands, whereas the modern copper systems use relatively stable and inexpensive diamine or amino acid ligands. Copper-catalyzed C N coupling reactions are tolerant of a wide range of functional groups and have been applied to the synthesis of a variety of complex natural products. Significant work has also been done to understand the mechanism of these reactions. Current mechanistic understanding of these methodologies is covered in this monograph. The contents of the book are taken from the comprehensive review of the topic in the Organic Reactions series. Optimal experimental conditions for the amination of aryl and alkenyl halides with all classes of nitrogen nucleophiles are presented. Specific experimental procedures from the literature are provided for the major classes of copper-catalyzed C N coupling reactions. A tabular survey of all examples of Cu-catalyzed arylation and alkenylation of nitrogen nucleophiles is presented in 35 tables organized by nitrogen nucleophile and electrophilic coupling partner. The literature is covered through December 2015 and provides 300 recent citations to supplement the 680 citations of the original hardbound chapter. These latest literature references have been collected in separate sections according to the sequence of the tables in the tabular survey section. In each of the sections, the individual citations have been arranged in alphabetic order of the author names. Copper-Catalyzed Amination of Aryl and Alkenyl Electrophiles is intended to provide organic chemists with an accessible, but detailed, introduction to this important class of transformations.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

The iconic chemistry handbook-extensively updated and thoroughly up to date The standard reference for chemists for more than 70 years, this resource contains vast amounts of facts, data, tabular material, and experimental findings in every area of chemistry. Included in this fully updated compendium are listings of the properties of more than 4,000 organic and 1,400 inorganic compounds. Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 17th Edition, is divided into six sections-general information and conversion tables, spectroscopy, inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, petroleum and petroleum products, biomass and biofuels, and environmental science. Existing tables have been thoroughly overhauled and new tables have been added that cover the properties of coal, minerals, natural gas, oil shale, and petroleum. * Features equations that allow you to calculate important values such as temperature and pressure * Contains newly expanded sections on timely topics, including the properties of petroleum products, the environmental properties of chemicals, and proper clean-up methods * Includes updated viscosity, thermal conductivity, critical constants, explosion limits, and vapor density data.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• A review of general chemistry : electrons, bonds, and molecular properties
• Molecular representations
• Acids and bases
• Alkanes and cycloalkanes
• Stereoisomerism
• Chemical reactivity and mechanisms
• Alkyl halides : nucleophilic substitution and elimination reactions
• Addition reactions of alkenes
• Alkynes
• Radical reactions
• Synthesis
• Alcohols and phenols
• Ethers and epoxides; thiols and sulfides
• Infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry
• Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
• Conjugated pi systems and pericyclic reactions
• Aromatic compounds
• Aromatic substitution reactions
• Aldehydes and ketones
• Carboxylic acids and their derivatives
• Alpha carbon chemistry : enols and enolates
• Amines
• Introduction to organometallic compounds
• Carbohydrates
• Amino acids, peptides, and proteins
• Lipids
• Synthetic polymers.

Organic Chemistry, 3rd Edition is not merely a compilation of principles, but rather, it is a disciplined method of thought and analysis. Success in organic chemistry requires mastery in two core aspects: fundamental concepts and the skills needed to apply those concepts and solve problems. Readers must learn to become proficient at approaching new situations methodically, based on a repertoire of skills. These skills are vital for successful problem solving in organic chemistry. Existing textbooks provide extensive coverage of, the principles, but there is far less emphasis on the skills needed to actually solve problems.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• CHAPTER 1 BOND-LINE DRAWINGS 1 1.1 How to Read Bond-Line Drawings 1 1.2 How to Draw Bond-Line Drawings 5 1.3 Mistakes to Avoid 7 1.4 More Exercises 7 1.5 Identifying Formal Charges 9 1.6 Finding Lone Pairs that are Not Drawn 13 CHAPTER 2 RESONANCE 18 2.1 What is Resonance? 18 2.2 Curved Arrows: The Tools for Drawing Resonance Structures 19 2.3 The Two Commandments 21 2.4 Drawing Good Arrows 24 2.5 Formal Charges in Resonance Structures 26 2.6 Drawing Resonance Structures Step by Step 30 2.7 Drawing Resonance Structures by Recognizing Patterns 34 2.8 Assessing the Relative Importance of Resonance Structures 43 CHAPTER 3 ACID BASE REACTIONS 49 3.1 Factor 1 What Atom is the Charge On? 50 3.2 Factor 2 Resonance 53 3.3 Factor 3 Induction 56 3.4 Factor 4 Orbitals 59 3.5 Ranking the Four Factors 60 3.6 Other Factors 63 3.7 Quantitative Measurement (pKa Values) 64 3.8 Predicting the Position of Equilibrium 65 3.9 Showing a Mechanism 66 CHAPTER 4 GEOMETRY 69 4.1 Orbitals and Hybridization States 69 4.2 Geometry 72 4.3 Lone Pairs 76 CHAPTER 5 NOMENCLATURE 77 5.1 Functional Group 78 5.2 Unsaturation 80 5.3 Naming the Parent Chain 81 5.4 Naming Substituents 84 5.5 Stereoisomerism 88 5.6 Numbering 90 5.7 Common Names 95 5.8 Going from a Name to a Structure 96 CHAPTER 6 CONFORMATIONS 97 6.1 How to Draw a Newman Projection 98 6.2 Ranking the Stability of Newman Projections 102 6.3 Drawing Chair Conformations 105 6.4 Placing Groups On the Chair 108 6.5 Ring Flipping 112 6.6 Comparing the Stability of Chairs 119 6.7 Don t Be Confused by the Nomenclature 122 CHAPTER 7 CONFIGURATIONS 123 7.1 Locating Stereocenters 123 7.2 Determining the Configuration of a Stereocenter 126 7.3 Nomenclature 134 7.4 Drawing Enantiomers 138 7.5 Diastereomers 143 7.6 Meso Compounds 144 7.7 Drawing Fischer Projections 147 7.8 Optical Activity 152 CHAPTER 8 MECHANISMS 154 8.1 Introduction to Mechanisms 154 8.2 Nucleophiles and Electrophiles 154 8.3 Basicity vs. Nucleophilicity 157 8.4 Arrow-Pushing Patterns for Ionic Mechanisms 159 8.5 Carbocation Rearrangements 164 8.6 Information Contained in a Mechanism 169 CHAPTER 9 SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS 173 9.1 The Mechanisms 173 9.2 Factor 1 The Electrophile (Substrate) 175 9.3 Factor 2 The Nucleophile 178 9.4 Factor 3 The Leaving Group 180 9.5 Factor 4 The Solvent 183 9.6 Using All Four Factors 185 9.7 Substitution Reactions Teach Us Some Important Lessons 186 CHAPTER 10 ELIMINATION REACTIONS 188 10.1 The E2 Mechanism 188 10.2 The Regiochemical Outcome of an E2 Reaction 189 10.3 The Stereochemical Outcome of an E2 Reaction 191 10.4 The E1 Mechanism 194 10.5 The Regiochemical Outcome of an E1 Reaction 195 10.6 The Stereochemical Outcome of an E1 Reaction 196 10.7 Substitution vs. Elimination 196 10.8 Determining the Function of the Reagent 197 10.9 Identifying the Mechanism(s) 199 10.10 Predicting the Products 202 CHAPTER 11 ADDITION REACTIONS 206 11.1 Terminology Describing Regiochemistry 206 11.2 Terminology Describing Stereochemistry 208 11.3 Adding H and H 216 11.4 Adding H and X, Markovnikov 219 11.5 Adding H and Br, Anti-Markovnikov 226 11.6 Adding H and OH, Markovnikov 230 11.7 Adding H and OH, Anti-Markovnikov 233 11.8 Synthesis Techniques 238 11.9 Adding Br and Br
• Adding Br and OH 245 11.10 Adding OH and OH, ANTI 250 11.11 Adding OH and OH, SYN 253 11.12 Oxidative Cleavage of an Alkene 255 CHAPTER 12 ALKYNES 258 12.1 Structure and Properties of Alkynes 258 12.2 Preparation of Alkynes 261 12.3 Alkylation of Terminal Alkynes 262 12.4 Reduction of Alkynes 264 12.5 Hydration of Alkynes 268 12.6 Keto-Enol Tautomerization 273 12.7 Ozonolysis of Alkynes 278 CHAPTER 13 ALCOHOLS 280 13.1 Naming and Designating Alcohols 280 13.2 Predicting Solubility of Alcohols 281 13.3 Predicting Relative Acidity of Alcohols 283 13.4 Preparing Alcohols: A Review 286 13.5 Preparing Alcohols via Reduction 287 13.6 Preparing Alcohols via Grignard Reactions 294 13.7 Summary of Methods for Preparing Alcohols 298 13.8 Reactions of Alcohols: Substitution and Elimination 300 13.9 Reactions of Alcohols: Oxidation 303 13.10 Converting an Alcohol Into an Ether 305 CHAPTER 14 ETHERS AND EPOXIDES 308 14.1 Introduction to Ethers 308 14.2 Preparation of Ethers 310 14.3 Reactions of Ethers 313 14.4 Preparation of Epoxides 314 14.5 Ring-Opening Reactions of Epoxides 316 CHAPTER 15 SYNTHESIS 323 15.1 One-Step Syntheses 324 15.2 Multistep Syntheses 336 15.3 Retrosynthetic Analysis 337 15.4 Creating Your Own Problems 338 Answer Key 339 Index 000.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

* Helps develop the skills needed to solve a variety of problem types. * Presents the fundamental topics clearly with an informal, friendly tone. * Describes the how-to of problem solving, including approaching problems strategically. * Discusses the relationship between concepts and puts topics in context. * Covers important areas such as resonance, nomenclature, conformations, substitution reactions, synthesis and more.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Electrons, Bonds, and Molecular Properties
• Molecular Representations
• Acids and Bases
• Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
• Stereoisomerism
• Chemical Reactivity and Mechanisms
• Alkyl Halides: Nucleophilic Substitution and Elimination Reactions
• Addition Reactions of Alkenes
• Alkynes
• Radical Reactions
• Synthesis
• Alcohols and Phenols
• Ethers and Epoxides; Thiols and Sulfides
• Infrared Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry
• Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
• Conjugated Pi Systems and Pericyclic Reactions
• Aromatic Compounds
• Aromatic Substitution Reactions
• Aldehydes and Ketones
• Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives
• Alpha Carbon Chemistry: Enols and Enolates
• Amines
• Introduction to Organometallic Compounds
• Carbohydrates
• Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
• Lipids
• Synthetic Polymers.

• Introduction
• Chapter 1. Brief Organic Review
• Chapter 2. Bioorganic Reactions
• Chapter 3. Biosynthesis of Carbohydrates and Amino Acids
• Chapter 4. The Terpenoid Pathway: Products from Mevalonic Acid and Deoxyxylulose Phosphate.
• Chapter 5. The Acetate Pathway: Biosynthesis of Polyketides and Related Compounds. Fatty Acids: Multiples of
• Chapter 6. The Shikimate Pathway: Biosynthesis of Phenolic Products from Shikimic Acid
• Chapter 7. Biosynthesis of Alkaloids and Related Compounds
• Chapter 8. Organic Synthesis in the Laboratory Some Final Thoughts Study Problems Appendix Suggested Further Readings.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Over the last three decades, the interface between chemistry and biology has grown increasingly dynamic, resulting in the rapid expansion of communication and collaboration amongst research scientists, faculty and students in the fields of chemistry, biochemistry, biology, bioengineering, and beyond. This is due in part to society's growing demand for scientists, engineers and practitioners who can bring a more interdisciplinary approach to their work. For this reason, new elective courses at the undergraduate level that address topics crossing the traditional boundaries of chemistry and biology are increasingly necessary, as are courses that can provide traditional chemistry students with additional insight into the fundamental role that chemistry plays in the function and evolution of biological systems. Morrow's book builds on the foundation of a one-year introductory course in organic chemistry, focusing on familiar organic chemical processes associated with the biosynthesis of primary and secondary metabolites, with special emphasis on the latter group. Ultimately, it brings to undergraduate science majors the opportunity to develop a deeper understanding of fundamental mechanistic organic chemistry within a meaningful biological context that goes far beyond the usual boxed essays or supplemental problems that increasingly crowd the margins of many introductory organic chemistry textbooks. The book offers ideal support for courses in chemistry, biochemistry, biology, pre-medicine and bioengineering programs.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface to the Third Edition xi Preface to the Second Edition xiii Preface to the First Edition xv
• 1 Reading Nomenclature 1 1.1 Acyclic Polyfunctional Molecules 2 1.2 Monocyclic Aliphatic Compounds 3 1.3 Bridged Polycyclic Structures 4 1.4 Fused Polycyclic Compounds 6 1.5 Spiro Compounds 10 1.6 Monocyclic Heterocyclic Compounds 12 1.7 Fused ]Ring Heterocyclic Compounds 14 1.8 Bridged and Spiro Heterocyclic Compounds 19 Resources 20 Problems 21 References 22
• 2 Accessing Chemical Information 25 2.1 Databases 25 2.2 Chemical Literature 26 2.3 Synthetic Procedures 29 2.4 Health and Safety Information 30 Problems 32 References 33
• 3 Stereochemistry 35 3.1 Representations 35 3.2 Vocabulary 37 3.3 Property Differences Among Stereoisomers 40 3.4 Resolution of Enantiomers 44 3.5 Enantioselective Synthesis 47 3.6 Reactions at a Stereogenic Atom 49 3.6.1 Racemization 49 3.6.2 Epimerization 50 3.6.3 Inversion 51 3.6.4 Retention 51 3.6.5 Transfer 52 3.7 Relative and Absolute Configuration 53 3.8 Topism 56 Resources 59 Problems 60 References 65
• 4 Mechanisms and Predictions 69 4.1 Reaction Coordinate Diagrams and Mechanisms 69 4.2 The Hammond Postulate 71 4.3 Methods for Determining Mechanisms 72 4.3.1 Identification of Products and Intermediates 72 4.3.2 Isotope Tracing 73 4.3.3 Stereochemical Determination 74 4.3.4 Concentration Dependence of Kinetics 75 4.3.5 Isotope Effects in Kinetics 85 4.3.6 Temperature Effects on Kinetics 87 4.3.7 Substituent Effects on Kinetics 90 4.4 Representative Mechanisms 95 4.4.1 Reactions in Basic Solution 96 4.4.2 Reactions in Acidic Solution 100 4.4.3 Free ]Radical Reactions 103 4.4.4 Molecular Rearrangements 106 Resources 108 Problems 109 References 120
• 5 Electron Delocalization, Aromatic Character, and Pericyclic Reactions 123 5.1 Molecular Orbitals 124 5.2 Aromatic Character 130 5.3 Pericyclic Reactions 135 5.3.1 Cycloaddition Reactions 137 5.3.2 Electrocyclic Reactions 142 5.3.3 Sigmatropic Reactions 147 Resources 152 Problems 152 References 158
• 6 Functional Group Transformations 163 6.1 Carboxylic Acids and Related Derivatives 164 6.1.1 Carboxylic Acids 164 6.1.2 Carboxylic Esters 166 6.1.3 Carboxylic Amides 168 6.1.4 Carboxylic Acid Halides 168 6.1.5 Carboxylic Anhydrides 169 6.1.6 Nitriles 169 6.1.7 O rtho Esters 170 6.2 Aldehydes, Ketones, and Derivatives 171 6.2.1 Aldehydes 171 6.2.2 Ketones 174 6.2.3 Imines and Enamines 175 6.2.4 Acetals 175 6.2.5 Vinyl Ethers 177 6.3 Alcohols 179 6.4 Ethers 179 6.5 Alkyl Halides 181 6.5.1 Alkyl Chlorides and Alkyl Bromides 182 6.5.2 Alkyl Iodides 184 6.5.3 Alkyl Fluorides 184 6.6 Amines 185 6.7 Isocyanates 187 6.8 Alkenes 187 6.9 Reductive Removal of Functionality 190 Resources 191 Problems 191 References 198
• 7 Carbon Carbon Bond Formation 205 7.1 Carbon Carbon Single Bond Formation 206 7.1.1 Reactions in Basic Solution 206 7.1.2 Reactions in Acidic Solution 214 7.1.3 O rganometallic Coupling Reactions 217 7.2 Carbon Carbon Double ]Bond Formation 218 7.3 Multibond Processes 222 Resources 224 Problems 224 References 230
• 8 Planning Multistep Syntheses 235 8.1 Retrosynthetic Analysis 235 8.2 Disconnection at a Functional Group or Branch Point 236 8.3 Cooperation for Difunctionality 244 8.4 Ring Closure 250 8.5 Acetylide Alkylation and Addition 253 8.6 T he Diels Alder Reaction 255 8.7 T he Claisen Rearrangement 259 8.8 Synthetic Strategies 263 8.9 Final Note 265 Resources 266 Problems 266 References 271
• 9 Physical Influences on Reactions 277 9.1 Unimolecular Reactions 278 9.2 Homogenous Two ]Component Reactions 279 9.3 Temperature Effects 280 9.4 Pressure Effects 281 9.5 Solvent Effects 282 9.6 Biphasic Reactions 283 9.6.1 Phase Transfer Catalysis 283 9.6.2 Increasing Solubility 286 9.6.3 Increasing Surface Area 287 9.6.4 Ultrasound 287 9.7 Reactions on Chemical Supports 288 9.8 Using Unfavorable Equilibria 291 9.9 Green Chemistry 293 Resources 294 Problems 294 References 295
• 10 Survey of Organic Spectroscopy 299 10.1 Electromagnetic Radiation 299 10.2 Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 300 10.2.1 Origin of the Signals 300 10.2.2 Interpretation 302 10.2.3 Visible Spectroscopy 302 10.3 Infrared Spectroscopy 303 10.3.1 Origin of the Signals 304 10.3.2 Interpretation 304 10.4 Mass Spectrometry 305 10.4.1 Origin of the Signals 306 10.4.2 Interpretation 307 10.5 N MR Spectroscopy 309 10.5.1 Origin of the Signals 309 10.5.2 Interpretation of Proton NMR Spectra 311 10.6 Carbon NMR Spectra 323 10.6.1 General Characteristics 323 10.6.2 Interpretation of 13C NMR Spectra 325 10.7 Correlation of 1H and 13C NMR Spectra 327 Resources 329 Problems 329 References 333 Appendix A 337 Appendix B 341 Index 347.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book presents key aspects of organic synthesis stereochemistry, functional group transformations, bond formation, synthesis planning, mechanisms, and spectroscopy and a guide to literature searching in a reader-friendly manner. Helps students understand the skills and basics they need to move from introductory to graduate organic chemistry classes Balances synthetic and physical organic chemistry in a way accessible to students Features extensive end-of-chapter problems Updates include new examples and discussion of online resources now common for literature searches Adds sections on protecting groups and green chemistry along with a rewritten chapter surveying organic spectroscopy.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

Written for the laboratory that accompanies the sophomore/junior level courses in Organic Chemistry, Zubrick provides students with a valuable guide to the basic techniques of the Organic Chemistry lab. The book will help students understand and practice good lab safety. It will also help students become familiar with basic instrumentation, techniques and apparatus and help them master the latest techniques such as interpretation of infrared spectroscopy. The guide is mostly macroscale in its orientation.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Structure and Bonding. 2. Polar Covalent Bonds
• Acids and Bases. 3. Organic Compounds: Alkanes and Their Stereochemistry. 4. Organic Compounds: Cycloalkanes and Their Stereochemistry 5. Stereochemistry at Tetrahedral Centers. 6. An Overview of Organic Reactions. 7. Alkenes: Structure and Reactivity. Practice Your Scientific Analysis and Reasoning I: The Chiral Drug Thalidomide 8. Alkenes: Reactions and Synthesis. 9. Alkynes: An Introduction to Organic Synthesis. 10. Organohalides. 11. Reactions of Alkyl Halides: Nucleophilic Substitutions and Eliminations. Practice Your Scientific Analysis and Reasoning II: From Mustard Gas to Alkylating Anticancer Drugs 12. Structure Determination: Mass Spectrometry and Infrared Spectroscopy. 13. Structure Determination: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. 14. Conjugated Compounds and Ultraviolet Spectroscopy. 15. Benzene and Aromaticity. Practice Your Scientific Analysis and Reasoning III: Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) 16. Chemistry of Benzene: Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution. 17. Alcohols and Phenols. 18. Ethers and Epoxides
• Thiols and Sulfides. Preview of Carbonyl Chemistry. 19. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition Reactions. Practice Your Scientific Analysis and Reasoning IV: SSRIs 20. Carboxylic Acids and Nitriles. 21. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Reactions. 22. Carbonyl Alpha-Substitution Reactions. 23. Carbonyl Condensation Reactions. Practice Your Scientific Analysis and Reasoning V: Thymine in DNA 24. Amines and Heterocycles. 25. Biomolecules: Carbohydrates. 26. Biomolecules: Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins. Practice Your Scientific Analysis and Reasoning VI: Melatonin and Serotonin 27. Biomolecules: Lipids. 28. Biomolecules: Nucleic Acids. 29. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways. 30. Orbitals and Organic Chemistry: Pericyclic Reactions. 31. Synthetic Polymers. Practice Your Scientific Analysis and Reasoning VII: The Potent Antibiotic of Endiandric Acid C.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Master organic chemistry with the help of this proven best-seller! John McMurry's Organic Chemistry is consistently praised as the most clearly written book available for the course. In John McMurry's words: "I wrote this book because I love writing. I get great pleasure and satisfaction from taking a complicated subject, turning it around until I see it clearly from a new angle, and then explaining it in simple words." Through his lucid writing and ability to show the beauty and logic of organic chemistry, McMurry makes learning enjoyable. The highest compliment that can be given to a chemistry book applies to McMurry: It works!.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Chapter 1 Aromaticity 1.1 Introduction to Aromatic Compounds 1.2 Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds 1.3 Criteria for Aromaticity 1.4 Lone Pairs
• Chapter 2 IR Spectroscopy 2.1 Vibrational Excitation 2.2 IR Spectra 2.3 Wavenumber 2.4 Signal Intensity 2.5 Signal Shape 2.6 Analyzing an IR Spectrum
• Chapter 3 NMR Spectroscopy 3.1 Chemical Equivalence 3.2 Chemical Shift (Benchmark Values) 3.3 Integration 3.4 Multiplicity 3.5 Pattern Recognition 3.6 Complex Splitting 3.7 No Splitting 3.8 Hydrogen Deficiency Index (Degrees of Unsaturation) 3.9 Analyzing a Proton NMR Spectrum 3.10 13C NMR Spectroscopy
• Chapter 4 Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution 4.1 Halogenation and the Role of Lewis Acids 4.2 Nitration 4.3 Friedel-Crafts Alkylation and Acylation 4.4 Sulfonation 4.5 Activation and Deactivation 4.6 Directing Effects 4.7 Identifying Activators and Deactivators 4.8 Predicting and Exploiting Steric Effects 4.9 Synthesis Strategies
• Chapter 5 Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution 5.1 Criteria for Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution 5.2 SNAr Mechanism 5.3 Elimination-Addition 5.4 Mechanism Strategies
• Chapter 6 Ketones and Aldehydes 6.1 Preparation of Ketones and Aldehydes 6.2 Stability and Reactivity of CO Bonds 6.3 H-Nucleophiles 6.4 O-Nucleophiles 6.5 S-Nucleophiles 6.6 N-Nucleophiles 6.7 C-Nucleophiles 6.8 Some Important Exceptions to the Rule 6.9 How to Approach Synthesis Problems
• Chapter 7 Carboxylic Acid Derivatives 7.1 Reactivity of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives 7.2 General Rules 7.3 Acid Halides 7.4 Acid Anhydrides 7.5 Esters 7.6 Amides and Nitriles 7.7 Synthesis Problems
• Chapter 8 Enols and Enolates 8.1 Alpha Protons 8.2 Keto-Enol Tautomerism 8.3 Reactions Involving Enols 8.4 Making Enolates 8.5 Haloform Reaction 8.6 Alkylation of Enolates 8.7 Aldol Reactions 8.8 Claisen Condensation 8.9 Decarboxylation 8.10 Michael Reactions
• Chapter 9 Amines 9.1 Nucleophilicity and Basicity of Amines 9.2 Preparation of Amines through SN2 Reactions 9.3 Preparation of Amines through Reductive Amination 9.4 Acylation of Amines 9.5 Reactions of Amines with Nitrous Acid 9.6 Aromatic Diazonium Salts
• Chapter 10 Diels-Alder Reactions 10.1 Introduction and Mechanism 10.2 The Dienophile 10.3 The Diene 10.4 Other Pericyclic Reactions Answer Key Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Readers continue to turn to Klein's Organic Chemistry As a Second Language: Second Semester Topics, 4th Edition because it enables them to better understand fundamental principles, solve problems, and focus on what they need to know to succeed. The fourth edition explores the major principles in the field and explains why they are relevant. It is written in a way that clearly shows the patterns in organic chemistry so that readers can gain a deeper conceptual understanding of the material. Topics are presented clearly in an accessible writing style along with numerous hands-on problem solving exercises.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface ix Acknowledgments xi
• 1 Introduction to Practical Functional Group Synthesis 1
• 1.1 General Approaches for Designing Syntheses 1 1.2 New Versions of Classic Organic Reactions 6 1.3 Solvent Selection and Solvent Free Reactions 7 1.4 Operational Simplicity 11 1.5 Metal Catalyzed Transformations 12 1.6 Organocatalysis 16 1.7 Microwave and Ultrasound Assisted Chemistry 17 1.8 Sustainability 25 1.9 Asymmetric Synthesis 32 References 33
• 2 Preparation of Alcohols, Ethers, and Related Compounds 37
• 2.1 Preparation of Alcohols, Ethers, and Related Compounds through the Formation of Oxygen Carbon(sp3) Bonds 37 2.2 Preparation of Phenols, Aryl Ethers, and Related Compounds through the Formation of Oxygen Carbon(sp2) Bonds 57 2.3 Preparation of Vinyl Ethers and Related Compounds through the Formation of Oxygen Carbon(sp2) Bonds 84 2.4 Preparation of Alkynyl Ethers and Related Compounds through the Formation of Oxygen Carbon(sp) Bonds 114 References 117
• 3 Synthesis of Amines, Amides, and Related Compounds 123
• Alkylamines 123 3.1 Synthesis of Alkylamines and Related Compounds through Nitrogen Carbon(sp3) Bond Forming Reactions 123 3.2 Synthesis of Arylamines and Related Compounds through Nitrogen Carbon(sp2) Bond Forming Reactions 150 3.3 Synthesis of Vinylamines and Related Compounds through Nitrogen Carbon(sp2) Bond Forming Reactions 191 3.4 Synthesis of Ynamides and Related Compounds through Nitrogen Carbon(sp) Bond Forming Reactions 207 References 213
• 4 Synthesis of Organophosphines, Phosphonates, and Related Compounds 219
• 4.1 Introduction to the Synthesis of Organophosphorus Compounds Generated through the Formation of Phosphorus Carbon Bonds 219 4.2 Synthesis of Alkylphosphines and Related Compounds through the Formation of Phosphorus Carbon(sp3) Bonds 220 4.3 Synthesis of Arylphosphines and Related Compounds through the Formation of Phosphorus Carbon(sp2) Bonds 338 4.4 Synthesis of Vinylphosphines and Related Compounds through the Formation of Phosphorus Carbon(sp2) Bonds 398 4.5 Synthesis of Alkynylphosphines and Related Compounds through the Formation of Phosphorus Carbon(sp) Bonds 441 References 454
• 5 Synthesis of Thioethers, Sulfones, and Related Compounds 471
• 5.1 Synthesis of Thioethers and Related Compounds through the Formation of Sulfur Carbon(sp3) Bonds 471 5.2 Synthesis of Aryl Thioethers and Related Compounds through the Formation of Sulfur Carbon(sp2) Bonds 481 5.3 Synthesis of Vinyl Thioethers and Related Compounds through the Formation of Sulfur Carbon(sp2) Bonds 498 5.4 Synthesis of Thioethers and Related Compounds through the Formation of Sulfur Carbon(sp) Bonds 506 References 510
• 6 Synthesis of Organoboronic Acids, Organoboronates, and Related Compounds 515
• 6.1 Synthesis of Alkylboronates and Related Compounds through the Formation of Boron Carbon(sp3) Bonds 515 6.2 Synthesis of Arylboronates and Related Compounds through the Formation of Boron Carbon(sp2) Bonds 526 6.3 Synthesis of Vinylboronates and Related Compounds through the Formation of Boron Carbon(sp2) Bonds 538 6.4 Synthesis of Alkynylboronates and Related Compounds through the Formation of Boron Carbon(sp) Bonds 549 References 552
• 7 Synthesis of Organohalides 557
• 7.1 Synthesis of Alkyl Halides through the Formation of Halogen Carbon(sp3) Bonds 557 7.2 Synthesis of Aryl Halides through the Formation of Halogen Carbon(sp2) Bonds 590 7.3 Synthesis of Vinyl Halides through the Formation of Halogen Carbon(sp2) Bonds 628 7.4 Synthesis of Alkynyl Halides through the Formation of Halogen Carbon(sp) Bonds 655 References 670 Index 679.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

A practical handbook for chemists performing bond forming reactions, this book features useful information on the synthesis of common functional groups in organic chemistry. Details modern functional group synthesis through carbon-heteroelement (N, O, P, S, B, halogen) bond forming reactions with a focus on operational simplicity and sustainability. Summarizes key and recent developments which are otherwise scattered across journal literature into a single source Contains over 100 detailed preparations of common functional groups Included 25 troubleshooting guides with suggestions and potential solutions to common problems. Complements the text in enhanced ebook editions with tutorial videos where the author provides an introduction to microwave assisted chemistry.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction. WELCOME TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. Laboratory Safety. Organization of the Textbook. Advance Preparation. Budgeting Time. Purpose. PART I: INTRODUCTION TO BASIC LABORATORY TECHNIQUES. Experiment 1. Solubility. Experiment 2. Crystallization. Experiment 3. Extraction. Experiment 4. A Separation and Purification Scheme. Experiment 4A. Extractions with a Separatory Funnel. Experiment 4B. Extractions with a Screw-Cap Centrifuge Tube Experiment 5. Chromatography. Experiment 5A. Thin-Layer Chromatography. Experiment 5B. Selecting the Correct Solvent for Thin-Layer Chromatography. Experiment 5C. Monitoring a Reaction with Thin Layer Chromatography. Experiment 5D. Column Chromatography. Experiment 6. Simple and Fractional Distillation Experiment 7. Infrared Spectroscopy and Boiling-Point Determination Essay. Aspirin. Experiment 8. Acetylsalicylic Acid. Essay. Analgesics. Experiment 9. Acetaminophen. Essay. Identification of Drugs. Experiment 10.TLC Analysis of Analgesic Drugs. Essay. Caffeine. Experiment 11. Isolation of Caffeine. Experiment 11A. Extraction of Caffeine from Tea. Experiment 11B. Isolation of Caffeine from a Tea Bag. Essay. Esters--Flavors and Fragrances. Experiment 12: Isopentyl Acetate (Banana Oil). Essay, Terpenes and Phenylpropanoids. Experiment 13. Isolation of Eugenol from Cloves. Essay. Stereochemical Theory of Odor. Experiment 14. Spearmint and Caraway Oil: (+)- and (-)- Carvones. Essay.The Chemistry of Vision. Experiment 15. Isolation of Chlorophyll and Carotenoid Pigments from Spinach. Essay: Ethanol and Fermentation Chemistry. Experiment 16. Ethanol from Sucrose. PART II: INTRODUCTION TO MOLECULAR MODELING. Essay: Molecular Modeling and Molecular Mechanics. Experiment 17. An Introduction to Molecular Modeling. Experiment 17A. The Conformations of n-Butane: Local Minima. Experiment 17B. Cyclohexane Chair and Boat Conformations. Experiment 17C. Substituted Cyclohexane Rings (Critical Thinking Exercise). Experiment 17D. cis- and trans-2-Butene. Essay: Computational Chemistry - Ab initio and Semiempirical Methods. Experiment 18. Computational Chemistry. Experiment 18A. Heats of Formation: Isomerism, Tautomerism, and Regioselectivity. Experiment 18B. Heats of Reactions: SN1 Reaction Rates. Experiment 18C. Density-Electrostatic Potential. Maps: Acidities of Carboxylic Acids. Experiment 18D. Density -Electrostatic Potential Maps: Carbocations. Experiment 18E. Density -LUMO Maps: Reactivities of Carbonyl Groups. PART III: PREPARATIONS AND REACTIONS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. Experiment 19. Reactivities of Some Alkyl Halides. Experiment 20. Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions: Competing Nucleophiles Experiment 20A. Competing Nucleophiles with 1-Butanol or 2-Butanol. Experiment 20B. Competing Nucleophiles with 2-Methyl-2-Propanol. Experiment 20C. Analysis. Experiment 21. Synthesis of n-Butyl Bromide and t-Pentyl Chloride. Experiment 21A. n-Butyl Bromide. Experiment 21B. t-Pentyl Chloride. Experiment 22. 4-Methylcyclohexen Essay. Fats and Oils. Experiment 23. Methyl Stearate from Methyl Oleate. Essay: Soap Experiment 24. Preparation of Soap. Essay: Petroleum and Fossil Fuels. Experiment 25. Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Gasolines. Essay: Biofuels. Experiment 26. Biodiesel. Experiment 26A. Biodiesel from Coconut Oil. Experiment 26B. Biodiesel from Other Oils. Experiment 26C. Analysis of Biodiesel. Essay: Green Chemistry. Experiment 27. Chiral Reduction of Ethyl Acetoacetate
• Optical Purity Determination. Experiment 27A. Chiral Reduction of Ethyl Acetoacetate. Experiment 27B. NMR Determination of the Optical Purity of Ethyl (S)-3-Hydroxybutanoate. Experiment 28. Nitration of Aromatic Compounds Using a Recyclable Catalyst. Experiment 29. Reduction of Ketones Using Carrots as Biological Reducing Agents Experiment 30. Resolution of (+/-)-alpha-Phenylethylamine and Determination of Optical Purity. Experiment 30A. Resolution of (+/-)-alpha-Phenylethylamine. Experiment 30B. Determination of Optical Purity Using NMR and a Chiral Resolving Agent. Experiment 31. An Oxidation-Reduction Scheme: Borneol, Camphor, Isoborneol. Experiment 32. Multistep Reaction Sequences: The Conversion of Benzaldehyde to Benzilic Acid. Experiment 32A. Preparation of Benzoin by Thiamine Catalysis. Experiment 32B. Preparation of Benzil. Experiment 32C. Preparation of Benzilic Acid. Experiment 33. Triphenylmethanol and Benzoic Acid. Experiment 33A. Triphenylmethanol. Experiment 33B. Benzoic Acid. Experiment 34. Aqueous-Based Organozinc Reactions. Experiment 35. Sonogashira Coupling of Iodosubstituted Aromatic Compounds with Alkynes Using a Palladium Catalyst. Experiment 36. Grubbs Catalyzed Metathesis of Eugenol with 1,4-Butenediol to Prepare a Natural Product. Experiment 37. The Aldol Condensation Reaction: Preparation of Benzalacetophenones (Chalcones). Experiment 38. A Green Enantioselective Aldol Condensation Reaction. Experiment 39. Preparation of an ?, ?-Unsaturated Ketone via Michael and Aldol Condensation Reactions. Experiment 40. Preparation of Triphenylpyridine. Experiment 41. 1,4-Diphenyl-1,3-Butadiene. Experiment 42. Relative Reactivities of Several Aromatic Compounds. Experiment 43. Nitration of Methyl Benzoate. Essay: Synthetic Dyes. Experiment 44. Preparation of Methyl Orange. Experiment 45. Preparation of Indigo. Experiment 46. Formulation of a Paint and Art Project. Essay. Local Anesthetics. Experiment 47. Benzocaine. Essay. Pheromones: Insect Attractants and Repellants. Experiment 48. N, N-Diethyl-m-toluamide: The Insect Repellent "OFF." Essay: Sulfa Drugs. Experiment 49. Sulfa Drugs: Preparation of Sulfanilamide. Essay: Polymers and Plastics. Experiment 50. Preparation and Properties of Polymers: Polyester, Nylon, and Polystyrene. Experiment 50A. Polyesters. Experiment 50B. Polyamide (Nylon). Experiment 50C. Polystyrene. Experiment 50D. Infrared Spectra of Polymer Samples. Experiment 51. Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP) Using a Grubbs Catalyst: A Three Step Synthesis of a Polymer. Experiment 51A. Diels-Adler Reaction. Experiment 51B. Conversion of the Diels-Adler Adduct to the Diester. Experiment 51C. Synthesizing the Polymer by Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization ROMP) Essay. Diels-Alder Reaction and Insecticides. Experiment 52. The Diels-Alder Reaction of Cyclopentadiene with Maleic Anhydride. Experiment 53. Diels-Adler Reaction with Anthracine-9-Methanol. Experiment 54. Photoreduction of Benzophenone and Rearrangement of Benzpinacol to Benzopinacolone. Experiment 54A. Photoreduction of Benzophenone. Experiment 54B. Synthesis of ?-Benzopinacolone: The Acid-Catalyzed Rearrangement of Benzpinacol. Essay. Fireflies and Photochemistry. Experiment 55. Luminol. Essay. The Chemistry of Sweeteners. Experiment 56. Carbohydrates. Experiment 57. Analysis of a Diet Soft Drink by HPLC. Part IV: IDENTIFICATION OF ORGANIC SUBSTANCES. Experiment 58. Identification of Unknowns. Experiment 58A. Solubility Tests. Experiment 58B. Tests for the Elements (N, S, X). Experiment 58C. Tests for Unsaturation. Experiment 58D. Aldehydes and Ketones. Experiment 58E. Carboxylic Acids. Experiment 58F. Phenols. Experiment 58G. Amines. Experiment 58H. Alcohols. Experiment 58I. Esters. PART V: PROJECT-BASED EXPERIMENTS. Experiment 59. Preparation of a C-4 or C-5 Acetate Ester. Experiment 60. Competing Nucleophiles in SN1 and SN2 Reactions: Investigations Using 2-Pentanol and 3-Pentanol. Experiment 61. Friedel-Crafts Acylation. Experiment 62. The Analysis of Antihistamine Drugs by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Experiment 63. Carbonation of an Unknown Aromatic Halide. Experiment 64. The Aldehyde Enigma. Experiment 65. Synthesis of Substituted Chalcones: A Guided-Inquiry Experience. Experiment 66. Green Epoxidation of Chalcones. Experiment 67. Cyclopropanation Reactions of Chalcones. Experiment 68. Michael and Aldol Condensation Reactions. Experiment 69. Esterification Reactions of Vanillin: The Use of NMR to Determine a Structure. PART VI: THE TECHNIQUES. Technique 1. Laboratory Safety. Technique 2. The Laboratory Notebook, Calculations, and Laboratory Records. Technique 3. Laboratory Glassware: Care and Cleaning. Technique 4. How to Find Data for Compounds: Handbooks and Catalogues. Technique 5. Measurement of Volume and Weight. Technique 6. Heating and Cooling Methods. Technique 7. Reaction Methods. Technique 8. Filtration. Technique 9. Physical Constants of Solids: The Melting Point. Technique 10. Solubility. Technique 11. Crystallization: Purification of Solids. Technique 12. Extractions, Separations, and Drying Agents. Technique 13. Physical Constants of Liquids: The Boiling Point and Density. Technique 14. Simple Distillation. Technique 15. Fractional Distillation, Azeotropes. Technique 16. Vacuum Distillation, Manometers. Technique 17. Sublimation. Technique 18. Steam Distillation. Technique 19. Column Chromatography. Technique 20. Thin-Layer Chromatography. Technique 21. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Technique 22. Gas Chromatography. Technique 23. Polarimetry. Technique 24. Refractometry. Technique 25. Infrared Spectroscopy. Technique 26. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (Proton NMR). Technique 27. Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Technique 28. Mass Spectrometry. Technique 29. Guide to the Chemical Literature Appendix 1: Tables of Unknowns and Derivatives. Appendix 2: Procedure for Preparing Derivatives. Appendix 3: Index of Spectra.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Featuring new experiments, a new essay, and new coverage of nanotechnology, this organic chemistry laboratory textbook offers a comprehensive treatment of laboratory techniques including small scale and some microscale methods that use standard-scale ("macroscale") glassware and equipment. The book is organized based on essays and topics of current interest and covers a large number of traditional organic reactions and syntheses, as well as experiments with a biological or health science focus. Seven introductory technique-based experiments, thirteen project-based experiments, and sections on green chemistry and biofuels spark students' interest and engage them in the learning process. Instructors may choose to offer Cengage Learning's optional Premium Website, which contains videos on basic organic laboratory techniques.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction Synthesis of Pyrroles and N-Vinylpyrroles by the Reaction of Ketones (Ketoximes) with Acetylenes Heterocyclization of ketoximes with acetylene Regioselectivity of the reaction Substituted acetylenes in reactions with ketoximes Vinyl halogenides and dihalogenethanes as synthetic equivalents of acetylene Intermediate stages and side reactions delta-Carbolines from 3-acylindoles and acetylene Reaction of ketoximes with acetylene in the presence of ketones. One-pot assembly of 4-methylen-3-oxa-1-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes Transformations of aldoximes in the systems MOH/DMSO and MOH/DMSO/acetylene Mechanism of pyrrole synthesis from ketoximes and acetylene Novel Aspects of NH- and N-Vinylpyrroles Reactivity Reaction with the participation of the pyrrole ring Reactions with participation of the vinyl group Conclusions References Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

During the last 30 years, knowledge of the essential role that pyrrole structures play in the chemistry of living organisms, drug design, and the development of advanced materials has increased. Correspondingly, research on the diverse issues of synthetic, theoretical, and applied chemistry has snowballed. Devoted to the latest achievements of this field, Chemistry of Pyrroles covers the discovery and development of a novel, facile, and highly effective method for the construction of the pyrrole ring from ketones (ketoximes) and acetylene in superbase catalytic systems (Trofimov reaction). It provides cutting-edge details on the preparation of valuable but previously inaccessible pyrrole compounds. It includes approximately 1,000 structures of novel pyrrole compounds, their yields, and physical-chemical characteristics. The authors analyze conditions of typical syntheses, limitations of their applicability, and possibility of vinyl chloride or dichloroethane application instead of acetylene. They examine chemical engineering aspects of the first synthesis of tetrahydroindole and indole from commercially available oxime of cyclohexanone and acetylene. In addition, the book discusses new facets of pyrroles and N-vinyl pyrroles reactivity in the reactions with the participation of both the pyrrole ring and N-vinyl groups. The book provides condensed, clear-cut information on novel syntheses of substituted pyrroles as key structural units of living matter (chlorophyll and hemoglobin), pharmaceuticals, and monomers for optoelectronic materials. It includes tables that provide references to original works, forming a guide to a variety of the reactions and synthesized compounds discussed. With coverage of the broad range of pyrrole chemistry and methods for their synthesis, it provides both a theoretical and an experimental basis for drug design.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction Transition Metal-Catalyzed Asymmetric Epoxidations Manganese Systems Iron and Ruthenium Systems Titanium Systems Systems Based on Other Metals Transition Metal-Catalyzed Asymmetric Sulfoxidations Vanadium Systems Titanium Systems Iron Systems Systems Based on Other Metals Miscellaneous Transition Metal-Catalyzed Asymmetric Oxidations Cis-Dihydroxylations of Olefins Baeyer-Villiger Oxidations Oxidative Kinetic Resolution of Secondary Alcohols and Desymmetrization of Meso-Diols Enantioselective Aerobic Oxidative Coupling of 2-Naphthols Enantioselective C-H Oxidations Organocatalytic Asymmetric Oxidations Epoxidations Miscellaneous Oxidations Fe- and Mn-Based Synthetic Models of Non-Heme Oygenases: Stereospecific C-H Oxidations Iron Systems Manganese Systems Active Species and Mechanisms of Non-Heme Fe- and Mn-Catalyzed Oxidations Iron Systems Manganese Systems Industrial Perspective General Remarks Some Examples Outlook.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Catalysis plays a vital role in chemical, petroleum, agriculture, polymer, electronics, pharmaceutical, and other industries. Over 90 percent of chemicals originate from catalytic processes. Toughening economic and environmental constraints have proven to be a challenge for meeting the demand of novel efficient and sustainable regio- and stereoselective catalyst systems. Environmentally Sustainable Catalytic Asymmetric Oxidations provides a comprehensive overview of existing ecologically friendly catalyst systems for various asymmetric oxidation processes. Topics include: * A survey of existing transition metal-based catalyst systems for asymmetric epoxidations (AEs) with O2 and H2O2 * Asymmetric sulfoxidations with H2O2 on chiral metal complexes * An overview of various transition metal-catalyzed oxidative transformations with H2O2 or O2 used as the terminal oxidant * Organocatalytic asymmetric oxidations * Catalytic processes of stereospecific oxidations of C-H functional groups * The role that oxoiron(V) intermediates play in chemo- and stereoselective oxidations catalyzed by non-heme iron complexes The book concludes with a discussion of the opportunities and problems associated with the industrial application of stereoselective processes of catalytic oxidation with H2O2 and O2. It also provides examples of processes with industrial potential. Some of the catalysts presented in this book may serve as promising alternatives for existing catalysts-progressively replacing them in manufacturing processes and ultimately making the chemical industry greener and cleaner.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

Designed to supplement existing organic textbooks, Hybrid Retrosynthesis presents a relatively simple approach to solving synthesis problems, using a small library of basic reactions along with the computer searching capabilities of Reaxys and SciFinder. This clear, concise guide reviews the essential skills needed for organic synthesis and retrosynthesis, expanding reader knowledge of the foundational principles of these techniques, whilst supporting their use via practical methodologies. Perfect for both graduate and post-graduate students, Hybrid Retrosynthesis provides new applied skills and tools to help during their organic synthesis courses and future careers, whilst simultaneously acting as useful resource for those setting tutorial and group problems, and as a helpful go-to guide for organic chemists involved in either industry or academia. * Ideal revision and hands on learning guide for organic synthesis * Clearly explains the principles and practice of retrosynthesis, which is often not covered in other books * Encourages readers to practice their synthetic knowledge supported by real life examples.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

Addressing a dynamic aspect of organic chemistry, this book describes synthetic strategies and applications for multicomponent reactions including key routes for synthesizing complex molecules. Illustrates the crucial role and the important utility of multicomponent reactions (MCRs) to organic syntheses Compiles novel and efficient synthetic multicomponent procedures to give readers a complete picture of this class of organic reactions Helps readers to design efficient and practical transformations using multicomponent reaction strategies Describes reaction background, applications to synthesize complex molecules and drugs, and reaction mechanisms.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1 A Review of General Chemistry: Electrons, Bonds, and Molecular Properties 2 Molecular Representations 3 Acids and Bases 4 Alkanes and Cycloalkanes 5 Stereoisomerism 6 Chemical Reactivity and Mechanisms 7 Substitution Reactions 8 Alkenes: Structure and Preparation via Elimination Reactions 9 Addition Reactions of Alkenes 10 Alkynes 11 Radical Reactions 12 Synthesis 13 Alcohols and Phenols 14 Ethers and Epoxides
• Thiols and Sulfides 15 Infrared Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry 16 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 17 Conjugated Pi Systems and Pericyclic Reactions 18 Aromatic Compounds 19 Aromatic Substitution Reactions 20 Aldehydes and Ketones 21 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives 22 Alpha Carbon Chemistry: Enols and Enolates 23 Amines 24 Carbohydrates 25 Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins 26 Lipids 27 Synthetic Polymers.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

In Organic Chemistry, 2nd Edition, Dr. David Klein builds on his unique skills-based approach, including all of the concepts typically covered in an organic chemistry textbook, but placing special emphasis on skills development to support these concepts. This emphasis upon skills development provides two-semester Organic Chemistry students with a greater opportunity to develop proficiency in the key skills necessary to succeed in organic chemistry.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• PART I: INTRODUCTION TO THE ORGANIC LABORATORY
• Essay: Introduction to the Organic Laboratory 1. Safety in the Laboratory 2. Protecting the Environment 3. Laboratory Notebooks and Prelaboratory Information PART II: CARRYING OUT CHEMICAL REACTIONS
• Essay: Carrying Out Chemical Reactions 4. Laboratory Glassware 5. Measurements and Transferring Reagents 6. Heating and Cooling Methods 7. Carrying out Organic Reactions 8. Computational Chemistry PART III: BASIC METHODS FOR SEPARATION, PURIFICATION, AND ANALYSIS
• Essay: Intermolecular Forces in Organic Chemistry 9. Filtration 10. Extraction 11. Drying Organic Liquids and Recovering Reaction Products 12. Boiling Points and Distillation 13. Refractometry 14. Melting Points and Melting Ranges 15. Recrystallization 16. Sublimation 17. Optical Activity and Enantiomeric Analysis PART IV: CHROMATOGRAPHY
• Essay: Modern Chromatographic Separations 18. Thin-Layer Chromatography 19. Liquid Chromatography 20. Gas Chromatography
• PART V: SPECTROMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION METHODS
• Essay: The Spectrometric Revolution 21. Infrared Spectroscopy 22. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 23. 13C and Two-Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy 24. Mass Spectrometry 25. Ultraviolet and Visible Spectroscopy 26 . Integrated Spectrometry Problems PART VI: DESIGNING AND CARRYING OUT ORGANIC EXPERIMENTS 27. Using the Literature of Organic Chemistry 28. Designing a Chemical Reaction.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

"Laboratory Techniques in Organic Chemistry" is the most comprehensive and detailed presentation of the lab techniques organic chemistry students need to know. Compatible with any organic chemistry lab manual or set of experiments, it combines specific instructions for three different kinds of laboratory glassware: miniscale, standard taper microscale, and Williamson microscale. It is written to provide effective support for guided-inquiry and design-based experiments and projects, as well as for traditional lab experiments.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Safety first, last, and always
• Keeping a notebook
• Interpreting a handbook
• Jointware.

This book presents the basic techniques of the organic chemistry laboratory with an emphasis on doing the work correctly the first time. New to this edition are discussions on safety in the laboratory with new consideration of the addition of such technology as the iPad, Nook, Kindle, and even text messaging. Updated discussion is added on Microscale; a number of NMR spectra have been added, with basic interpretation and suggestions on presentation of the data; and lastly, presentation of a more modern outline of the instrumentation of HPLC is included.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface Prologue Chapter 1 Structure and Bonding Chapter 2 Acids and Bases Chapter 3 Introduction to Organic Molecules and Functional Groups Chapter 4 Alkanes Chapter 5 Stereochemistry Chapter 6 Understanding Organic Reactions Chapter 7 Alkyl Halides and Nucleophilic Substitution Chapter 8 Alkyl Halides and Elimination Reactions Chapter 9 Alcohols, Ethers, and Epoxides Chapter 10 Alkenes Chapter 11 Alkynes Chapter 12 Oxidation and Reduction Chapter 13 Mass Spectrometry and Infrared Spectroscopy Chapter 14 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Chapter 15 Radical Reactions Chapter 16 Conjugation, Resonance, and Dienes Chapter 17 Benzene and Aromatic Compounds Chapter 18 Reactions of Aromatic Compounds Chapter 19 Carboxylic Acids and Acidity of the O-H Bond Chapter 20 Introduction to Carbonyl Chemistry: Organometallic Reagents
• Oxidation and Reduction Chapter 21 Aldehydes and Ketones-Nucleophilic Addition Chapter 22 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives-Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Chapter 23 Substitution Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds at the a-Carbon Chapter 24 Carbonyl Condensation Reactions Chapter 25 Amines Chapter 26 Carbon-Carbon Bond-Forming Reactions in Organic Synthesis Chapter 27 Pericyclic Reactions Chapter 28 Carbohydrates Chapter 29 Amino Acids and Proteins Chapter 30 Lipids Chapter 31 Synthetic Polymers Appendices Glossary Credits Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Serious Science with an Approach Built for Today's Students Smith's Organic Chemistry continues to breathe new life into the organic chemistry world. This new fourth edition retains its popular delivery of organic chemistry content in a student-friendly format. Janice Smith draws on her extensive teaching background to deliver organic chemistry in a way in which students learn: with limited use of text paragraphs, and through concisely written bulleted lists and highly detailed, well-labeled "teaching" illustrations. Don't make your text decision without seeing Organic Chemistry, 4th edition by Janice Gorzynski Smith!.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

All of Paula Bruice's extensive revisions to the Seventh Edition of "Organic""Chemistry"follow a central guiding principle: support what modern students need in order to understand and retain what they learn in organic chemistry for successful futures in industry, research, and medicine. In consideration of today's classroom dynamics and the changes coming to the 2015 MCAT, this revision offers a completely new design with enhanced art throughout, reorganization of materials to reinforce fundamental skills and facilitate more efficient studying.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)
This package includes a physical copy of Organic Chemistry, 7th edition by Paula Bruice as well as access to the eText and MasteringChemistry. All of Paula Bruice's extensive revisions to the Seventh Edition of Organic Chemistry follow a central guiding principle: support what modern students need in order to understand and retain what they learn in organic chemistry for successful futures in industry, research, and medicine. In consideration of today's classroom dynamics and the changes coming to the 2015 MCAT, this revision offers a completely new design with enhanced art throughout, reorganization of materials to reinforce fundamental skills and facilitate more efficient studying. MyLab and Mastering from Pearson improve results for students and educators. Used by over ten million students, they effectively engage learners at every stage. With proven success, Mastering has helped students make strides in learning for over 10 years. MasteringChemistry has immersive content and tools that are so engaging that Ann Verner, at the University of Toronto Scarborough, Canada, said, "MasteringChemistry is the best online chemistry homework program that I have used. The structure of the questions and the hints motivate the students to continue working on the problems, and the immediate feedback increases their confidence." With MasteringChemistry, students gain knowledge that they will use throughout their lives, and universities gain a partner deeply committed to helping students and educators achieve their goals. For students *Pearson eText gives you access to an eBook that can be used on the go, and allows you to highlight, search and take notes as you read online. Access to the eBook depends on the package you have bought. * You can work through the problems at your own pace, opening hints if you need help. If you make an error, you are given feedback based on that specific mistake so you can learn from it. *PhET simulations let you to get hands on to understand how the theory and daily life link up. These fun, interactive, research-based simulations of physical phenomena come from the PhET(TM) project at the University of Colorado. For educators *Online assignments, tests, quizzes can be easily created and assigned to students. *Gradebook: Assignments are automatically graded and visible at a glance. Register now to benefit from these resources. A student access code card is included with your textbook at a reduced cost. To register with your code, visit www.masteringchemistry.com. For educator access, contact your Pearson account manager. To find out who your account manager is, visit www.pearsoned.co.uk/replocator For more instructor resources available with this title, visit www.pearsoned.co.uk.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1 Structure Determines Properties 2 Alkanes and Cycloakanes: Introduction to Hydrocarbons 3 Alkanes and Cycloalkanes: Introduction to StereoChemistry 4 Alcohols and Alkyl Halides: Introduction to Reaction Mechanisms 5 Structure and Preparation of Alkenes: Elimination Reactions 6 Addition Reactions of Alkenes 7 Chirality 8 Nucleophilic Substitution 9 Alkynes 10 Conjugation in Alkadienes and Allylic Systems 11 Arenes and Aromaticity 12 Electrophilic and Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution 13 Spectroscopy 14 Organometallic Compounds 15 Alcohols, Diols, and Thiols 16 Ethers, Epoxides, and Sulfides 17 Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition to the Carbonyl Group 18 Carboxylic Acids 19 Acid Derivatives 20 Enols and Enolates 21 Amines 22 Phenols 23 Carbohydrates 24 Lipids 25 Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins 26 Nucleosides, Nucleotides, and Nucleic Acids 27 Synthetic Polymers
• Appendix 1 Physical Properties
• Appendix 2 Answers to In-Text Problems GLOSSARY CREDITS INDEX.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

"A Market Leading, Traditional Approach to Organic Chemistry" For nine editions, "Organic Chemistry" has been designed to meet the needs of the "mainstream, " two-semester, undergraduate organic chemistry course. This best-selling text gives students a solid understanding of organic chemistry by stressing how fundamental reaction mechanisms function and reactions occur.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Machine generated contents note: 1.The Basics: Bonding and Molecular Structure
• 2. Families of Carbon Compounds : Functional Groups, Intermolecular Forces, and Infrared (IR)
• 3. An Introduction to Organic Reactions and Their Mechanisms: Acids and Bases
• 4. Nomenclature and Conformations of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
• 5. Stereochemistry: Chiral Molecules
• 6. Ionic Reactions : Nucleophilic Substitution & Elimination Reactions of Alkyl Halides
• 7. Alkenes & Alkynes I: Properties & Synthesis. Elimination Reactions of Alkyl Halides
• 8. Alkenes & Alkynes II: Addition Reactions
• 9. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Mass Spectroscopy: Tools for Structure Determination
• 10. Radical Reactions
• 11. Alcohols & Ethers
• 12. Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds : Oxidation-Reduction & Organometallic Compounds
• 13. Conjugated Unsaturated Systems
• 14. Aromatic Compounds
• 15. Reactions of Aromatic Compounds
• 16. Aldehydes & Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition to the Carbonyl Group
• 17. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives: Nucleophilic Addition-Elimination at the Acyl Carbon
• 18. Reactions at the [alpha] Carbon of Carbonyl Compounds: Enols and Enolates
• 19. Condensation and Conjugate Addition Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds : More Chemistry of Enolates
• 20. Amines
• 21. Phenols & Aryl Halides: Nucleophilic Aromatic SubstitutionSpecial Topic G: Carbon-Carbon Bond-Forming and Other Reactions of Transition Metal Organometallic Compounds
• 22. Carbohydrates
• 23. Lipids
• 24. Amino Acids & Proteins
• 25. Nucleic Acids & Protein Synthesis .

"Now in a new edition, this book continues its tradition of excellence in teaching and preparing students for success in the organic classroom and beyond. A central theme of the authors' approach to organic chemistry is to emphasize the relationship between structure and reactivity. To accomplish this, the text is organized in a way that combines the most useful features of a functional group approach with one largely based on reaction mechanisms. Emphasizing mechanisms and their common aspects as often as possible, this book shows students what organic chemistry is, how it works, and what it does in living systems and the physical world around us"-- Provided by publisher.

Written by two expert teachers, the Fifth Edition of Organic Chemistry is written to support all kinds of learners whether students read the book, or use it as a reference. New Visualize, Understand, Draw sections help students draw molecules well, visualize how they are formed, and understand why reactions occur. The Fifth Edition has been revised to be more accessible, with a focus on the basics and more opportunities for problem-solving practice, while the robust media package helps students visualize organic chemistry.".
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Chemical bonding and molecules
• 2. Molecular structure and shapes of organic molecules
• 3. Organic compounds: their functional groups, intermolecular interactions and physical properties
• 4. Conformation and strain in molecules
• 5. Conjugation, pi-electrion delocalization, and aromaticity
• 6. Acids and bases
• 7. Organic reactions and concept of mechanism
• 8. Nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl group in aldehydes and ketones
• 9. Nucleophilic substitution of carboxylic acid derivatives
• 10. Reactions of carbonyl compounds with hydride donors and organometallic reagents
• 11. Stereochemistry and molecular chirality
• 12. Nucleophilic substitution reactions of haloalkanes and related compounds
• 13. Elimination reactions of haloalkanes and related compounds
• 14. Reactions of alcohols, ethers, thiols, sulfides, and amines
• 15. Addition reactions of alkenes and alkynes
• 16. Enolate anions and their reactions
• 17. Enolate ions, their equivalents and reactions
• 18. Reactions of nucleophiles with alkenes and aromatic compounds
• 19. Polycyclic and heterocyclic aromatic compounds
• 20. Rearrangement reactions
• 21. Pericyclic reactions: cycloadditions, electrocyclic reactions, and sigmatropic rearrangements
• 22. Rearrangement reactions involving polar molecules and ions
• 23. Biomolecules
• 24. Chemistry of biomolecules
• 25. Structural determination of organic compounds.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Organic Chemistry: A mechanistic approach provides readers with a concise review of the essential concepts underpinning the subject. It combines a focus on core topics and themes with a mechanistic approach to the explanation of the reactions it describes, making it ideal for those looking for a solid understanding of the central themes of organic chemistry. Opening with a review of chemical bonding and molecular shape and structure, the book then introduces the principal groups of organic compound before exploring the range of reactions they undergo. It retains an emphasis throughout on how and why organic compounds behave in the way they do, with a chapter on how mechanisms are investigated and the closing chapter describing the principal methods by which the structure and composition of organic compounds are studied. With an understanding of organic chemistry being central to the study and practice of a range of disciplines, Organic Chemistry is the ideal resource for those studying a one- or two-semester organic chemistry course as part of a broader programme of study in the physical and life sciences. Online Resource Centre: For registered adopters of the book: -Figures from the book in electronic format -Answers to end-of-chapter problems -Examples of organic synthesis reactions, related to topics covered in the book, for use in teaching -Additional problems (with answers), to augment those included in the book For students: -Answers to in-chapter exercises -3D-rotatable models of numerous compounds featured in the book -Multiple-choice questions for each chapter, to help students check their understanding of topics they have learned.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

Joel Karty has dedicated nearly a decade developing a teaching approach and textbook that is organized by mechanism, promotes learning by doing, and provides students with the background and support they need to be successful in organic chemistry as well as pre-professional placement exams like the MCAT. Karty s organization, conversational writing style, and interactive pedagogy facilitate understanding rather than memorization and place the emphasis back on mechanisms.".
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Structure and Bonding in Organic Molecules
• 2. Structure and Reactivity
• 3. Reactions of Alkanes
• 4. Cycloalkanes
• 5. Stereoisomers
• 6. Properties and Reactions of Haloalkanes
• 7. Further Reactions of Haloalkanes
• 8. Hydroxy Functional Group: Alcohols
• 9. Further Reactions of Alcohols and the Chemistry of Ethers
• 10. Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy to Deduce Structure
• 11. Alkenes: Infrared Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry
• 12. Reactions of Alkenes
• 13. Alkynes
• 14. Delocalized Pi Systems
• 15. Benzene and Aromaticity
• 16. Electrophilic Attack on Derivatives of Benzene
• 17. Aldehydes and Ketones
• 18. Enols, Enolates and the Aldol Condensation
• 19. Carboxylic Acids
• 20. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
• 21. Amines and Their Derivatives
• 22. Chemistry of Benzene Substituents
• 23. Ester Enolates and the Claisen Condensation
• 24. Carbohydrates: Polyfunctional Compounds in Nature
• 25. Heterocycles: Heteroatoms in Cyclic Organic Compounds
• 26. Amino Acids, Peptides, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids: Nitrogen-Containing Polymers in Nature.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

With authors who are accomplished researchers and educators, Organic Chemistry helps students understand the connection between structure and function to prepare them to understand mechanisms and solve practical problems in organic chemistry. The new edition brings in the latest research breakthroughs and includes expanded problem-solving help.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface
• INTRODUCTION Reaction Mechanism and Reaction Arrows Properties and Characteristics of a Reaction Summary
• CARBOCATIONS Introduction History Sturctures and Geometry of Carbocations Generation of Carbocation Carbocation Stability Detection of Carbocations Fate of Carbocations Nonclassical Carbocations Radical Cations Summary
• CARBANIONS Structure and Geometry of Carbanions Generation of Carbanions Stability of Carbanions Reactions of Carbanions Enolate Reactions with Carbonyl Groups Rearrangements of Carbanions Chiral Carbanions Carbanions and Tautomerism Summary
• RADICALS Introduction Detection and Characterization of Radicals Structure and Bonding of Radicals Generation of Free Radicals Stability of Radicals Reactions of Free Radicals Stereochemistry of Radical Reactions Biradicals Summary
• CARBENES Structure and Geometry of Carbenes Generation of Carbenes Reactions of Carbenes Carbenes and Carbene Ligands in Organometallic Chemistry Summary
• NITRENES Introduction Structure and Reactivity Generation of Nitrenes Reactions of Nitrenes Summary
• MISCELLANEOUS INTERMEDIATES Arynes Ketenes and Cumulenes ortho-Quinone Methides Zwitterions and Dipoles Antiaromatic Systems Tetrahedral Intermediates Summary
• Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Most reactions in organic chemistry do not proceed in a single step but rather take several steps to yield the desired product. In the course of these multi-step reaction sequences, short-lived intermediates can be generated that quickly convert into other intermediates, reactants, products or side products. As these intermediates are highly reactive, they cannot usually be isolated, but their existence and structure can be proved by theoretical and experimental methods. Using the information obtained, researchers can better understand the underlying reaction mechanism of a certain organic transformation and thus develop novel strategies for efficient organic synthesis. The chapters are clearly structured and are arranged according to the type of intermediate, providing information on the formation, characterization, stereochemistry, stability, and reactivity of the intermediates. Additionally, representative examples and a problem section with different levels of difficulty are included for self-testing the newly acquired knowledge. By providing a deeper understanding of the underlying concepts, this is a musthave reference for PhD and Master Students in organic chemistry, as well as a valuable source of information for chemists in academia and industry working in the field. It is also ideal as primary or supplementary reading for courses on organic chemistry, physical organic chemistry or analytical chemistry.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface: A User's Guide to Organic Chemistry: Structure and Function
• 1. Structure and Bonding in Organic Molecules
• 2. Structure and Reactivity
• 3. Reactions of Alkanes
• 4. Cycloalkanes
• 5. Stereoisomers
• 6. Properties and Reactions of Haloalkanes
• 7. Further Reactions of Haloalkanes
• 8. Hydroxy Functional Group: Alcohols: Properties, Preparation, and Strategy of Synthesis
• 9. Further Reactions of Alcohols and the Chemistry of Ethers
• 10. Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy to Deduce Structure
• 11. Alkenes: Infrared Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry
• 12. Reactions of Alkenes
• 13. Alkynes
• 14. Delocalized Pi Systems
• 15. Benzene and Aromaticity
• 16. Electrophilic Attack on Derivatives of Benzene
• 17. Aldehydes and Ketones
• 18. Enols, Enolates and the Aldol Condensation
• 19. Carboxylic Acids
• 20. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
• 21. Amines and Their Derivatives
• 22. Chemistry of Benzene Substituents
• 23. Ester Enolates and the Claisen Condensation
• 24. Carbohydrates: Polyfunctional Compounds in Nature
• 25. Heterocycles: Heteroatoms in Cyclic Organic Compounds
• 26. Amino Acids, Peptides, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids: Nitrogen-Containing.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This manual includes chapter introductions that highlight new materials, chapter outlines, detailed comments for each chapter section, a glossary, and solutions to the problems, presented in a way that shows students how to reason their way to the answer.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• General introduction Safety Safety is your primary responsibility Safe working practice Safety risk assessments Common hazards Accident and emergency procedures Bibliography Keeping records of laboratory work Introduction The laboratory notebook Keeping records of data Some tips on report and thesis preparation References Equipping the laboratory and the bench Introduction Setting up the laboratory General laboratory equipment The individual bench Equipment for parallel experiments Equipment for controlled experimentation Purification and drying of solvents Introduction Purification of solvents Drying agents Drying of solvents References Reagents: Preparation, purification, and handling Introduction Classification of reagents for handling Techniques for obtaining pure and dry reagents Techniques for handling and measuring reagents Preparation and titration of simple organometallic reagents and lithium amide bases Preparation of diazomethane References Gases Introduction Use of gas cylinders Handling gases Measurement of gases Inert gases Reagent gases References Vacuum pumps Introduction House vacuum systems (low vacuum) Medium vacuum pumps High vacuum pumps Pressure measurement and regulation Carrying out the reaction Introduction Reactions with air-sensitive reagents Reaction monitoring Reactions at other than room temperature Driving equilibria Agitation Use of controlled reactor systems References Working up the reaction Introduction Quenching the reaction Isolation of the crude product Data that need to be collected on the crude product prior to purification Purification Introduction Crystallization Distillation Sublimation Flash chromatography Dry-column flash chromatography Preparative TLC Medium pressure and prepacked chromatography systems Preparative HPLC References Small-scale reactions Introduction Reactions at or below room temperature Reactions above room temperature Reactions in NMR tubes Purification of materials Large-scale reactions Introduction Carrying out the reaction Workup and product isolation Purification of the products Special procedures Introduction Catalytic hydrogenation Photolysis Ozonolysis Flash vacuum pyrolysis (FVP) Liquid ammonia reactions Microwave reactions References Characterization Introduction NMR spectra IR spectra UV spectroscopy Mass spectrometry Melting point (m.p.) and boiling point (b.p.) Optical rotation Microanalysis Keeping the data Troubleshooting: What to do when things don't work The chemical literature The structure of the chemical literature Some important paper-based sources of chemical information Some important electronic-based sources of chemical information How to find chemical information Current awareness References Appendices Properties of common solvents Properties of common gases Approximate pKa values for some common reagents versus common bases Common Bronsted acids Common Lewis acids Common reducing reagents Common oxidizing reagents Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Any research that uses new organic chemicals, or ones that are not commercially available, will at some time require the synthesis of such compounds. Therefore, organic synthesis is important in many areas of both applied and academic research, from chemistry to biology, biochemistry, and materials science. The third edition of a bestseller, Advanced Practical Organic Chemistry is a guide that explains the basic techniques of organic chemistry, presenting the necessary information for readers to carry out widely used modern organic synthesis reactions. This book is written for advanced undergraduate and graduate students as well as industrial organic chemists, particularly those involved in pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and other areas of fine chemical research. It provides the novice or nonspecialist with the often difficult-to-find information on reagent properties needed to perform general techniques. With over 80 years combined experience training and developing organic research chemists in industry and academia, the authors offer sufficient guidance for researchers to perform reactions under conditions that give the highest chance of success, including the appropriate precautions to take and proper experimental protocols. The text also covers the following topics: * Record keeping and equipment * Solvent purification and reagent preparation * Using gases and working with vacuum pumps * Purification, including crystallization and distillation * Small-scale and large-scale reactions * Characterization, including NMR spectra, melting point and boiling point, and microanalysis * Efficient ways to find information in the chemical literature With fully updated text and all newly drawn figures, the third edition provides a powerful tool for building the knowledge on the most up-to-date techniques commonly used in organic synthesis.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1 BONDING AND ELECTRON DISTRIBUTION 1 1.1 The Decision-Based Approach To Organic Chemistry2 1.2 Ionic And Covalent Bonding 6 1.3 Lewis Structures And Resonance Forms 8 1.4 Curved-Arrow Notation 11 1.5 Nomenclature And Abbreviations 16 1.6 An Orbital View Of Bonding (Supplemental) 18 1.7 The Shapes Of Molecules 21 1.8 Molecular Repulsions, Attractions, And Hydrogen Bonding25 1.9 Conjugation, Vinylogy, Aromaticity 27 1.10 Summary 30 2 THE PROCESS OF BOND FORMATION 34 2.1 Energetics Control Knowledge 35 2.2 Orbital Overlap In Covalent Bond Formation 35 2.3 Orbital Interaction Diagrams 38 2.4 Polarizability And Hard And Soft Acid-Base Theory 41 2.5 Thermodynamics, Position Of Equilibrium 43 2.6 Kinetics, Rate Of Reaction 47 2.7 Solvent Stabilization Of Ions 53 2.8 Enzymatic Catalysis - Lessons From Biochemistry 55 2.9 Summary 57 3 PROTON TRANSFER AND THE PRINCIPLES OF STABILITY61 3.1 Introduction To Proton Transfer 62 3.2 Ranking Of Acids And Bases, The pKa Chart 63 3.3 Structural Factors That Influence Acid Strength 66 3.4 Structural Factors That Influence Base Strength 70 3.5 Carbon Acids & Ranking Of Electron-Withdrawing Groups71 3.6 Calculation Of Keq For Proton Transfer 76 3.7 Proton Transfer Mechanisms 77 3.8 Common Errors 81 3.9 Proton Transfer Product Predictions 82 3.10 Summary 83 4 IMPORTANT REACTION ARCHETYPES 88 4.1 Introduction To Reaction Archetypes 89 4.2 Nucleophilic Substitution At A Tetrahedral Center 89 4.3 Elimination Reactions Create Pi Bonds 110 4.4 Addition Reactions To Polarized Multiple Bonds 124 4.5 Nucleophilic Substitution At A Trigonal Planar Center133 4.6 Electrophilic Substitution At A Trigonal Planar Center140 4.7 Rearrangements To An Electrophilic Carbon 144 4.8 Reaction Archetype Summary 146 5 CLASSIFICATION OF ELECTRON SOURCES 151 5.1 Generalized Ranking Of Electron Sources 151 5.2 Nonbonding Electrons 152 5.3 Electron-Rich Sigma Bonds 154 5.4 Electron-Rich Pi Bonds 155 5.5 Simple Pi Bonds 156 5.6 Aromatic Rings 159 5.7 Summary Of Generic Electron Sources 160 6 CLASSIFICATION OF ELECTRON SINKS 166 6.1 Generalized Ranking Of Electron Sinks 166 6.2 Electron-Deficient Species 167 6.3 Weak Single Bonds 168 6.4 Polarized Multiple Bonds Without Leaving Groups 170 6.5 Polarized Multiple Bonds With Leaving Groups 172 6.6 Summary Of Generic Electron Sinks 173 7 THE ELECTRON FLOW PATHWAYS 179 7.1 The Dozen Most Common Pathways 180 7.2 Six Minor Pathways 191 7.3 Common Path Combinations 197 7.4 Variations On A Theme 201 7.5 Twelve Major Paths Summary And Crosschecks 208 8 INTERACTION OF ELECTRON SOURCES AND SINKS 213 8.1 Source And Sink Correlation Matrix 214 8.2 H-A Sinks Reacting With Common Sources 214 8.3 Y-L Sinks Reacting With Common Sources 218 8.4 sp3 C-L Sinks Reacting With Common Sources222 8.5 C=Y Sinks Reacting With Common Sources 227 8.6 R-C Y Sinks Reacting With Common Sources233 8.7 C=C?Ewg Sinks Reacting With Common Sources 235 8.8 L-C=Y Sinks Reacting With Common Sources 237 8.9 Miscellaneous Reactions 240 8.10 Metal Ions As Electron Sinks 242 8.11 Rearrangements To An Electrophilic Center 243 8.12 Nu-L Reactions 244 8.13 Product Matrix Summary 248 9 DECISIONS, DECISIONS 251 9.1 Decision Point Recognition 252 9.2 Multiple Additions 252 9.3 Regiochemistry & Stereochemistry Of Enolate Formation254 9.4 Ambident Nucleophiles 255 9.5 Substitution Vs. Elimination 258 9.6 Ambident Electrophiles 262 9.7 Intermolecular Vs. Intramolecular 263 9.8 To Migrate Or Not To An Electrophilic Center 264 9.8 Summary 266 10 CHOOSING THE MOST PROBABLE PATH 269 10.1 Problem-Solving In General 270 10.2 General Mechanistic Cross-Checks 274 10.3 The Path-Selection Process 276 10.4 Reaction Mechanism Strategies 278 10.5 Worked Mechanism Examples 279 10.6 Product Prediction Strategies 297 10.7 Worked Product Prediction Examples 297 10.8 Methods For Testing Mechanisms 313 10.9 Lessons from Biochemical Mechanisms 319 10.10 Summary 321 11 ONE-ELECTRON PROCESSES 326 11.1 Radical Structure And Stability 326 11.2 Radical Path Initiation 329 11.3 Major Paths For Radicals Reacting With Neutrals330 11.4 Unimolecular Radical Paths 332 11.5 Termination Radical Paths 333 11.6 Radical Path Combinations 333 11.7 Approaches To Radical Mechanisms 336 11.8 Single Electron Transfer, S.E.T., And ChargedRadicals 338 11.9 Dissolving Metal Reductions 339 11.10 Electron Transfer Initiated Processes 340 11.11 One-Electron Path Summary 340 12 QUALITATIVE M.O. THEORY & PERICYCLIC REACTIONS 343 12.1 Review Of Orbitals As Standing Waves 344 12.2 Molecular Orbital Theory For Linear Pi Systems344 12.3 Molecular Orbital Theory For Cyclic Conjugated PISystems 348 12.4 Perturbation Of The HOMO And LUMO 351 12.5 Delocalization Of Sigma Electrons (Supplemental)352 12.6 Concerted Pericyclic Cycloaddition Reactions 353 12.7 Concerted Pericyclic Electrocyclic Reactions 357 12.8 Concerted Pericyclic Sigmatropic Rearrangements359 12.9 Pericyclic Reactions Summary 361 APPENDIX (A COLLECTION OF IMPORTANT TOOLS) 364 General Bibliography 364 Abbreviations Used in This Text 365 Functional Group Glossary 366 Composite pKa Chart 369 Bond Strength Table 372 Generic Classification Guide 373 Flow Charts for the Classification of Electron Sources and Sinks375 Pathway Summary 375 Trends Guide 380 Major Routes Summary 384 Major Decisions Guide 388 Thermodynamics and Kinetics 390 Generation of Alternate Paths, Reaction Cubes 390 Organic Structure Elucidation Strategies 393 Notes on Nomenclature 399 HINTS TO PROBLEMS FROM CHAPTERS 8, 9, AND 10 404 INDEX 407.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Using a mechanistic approach, the text explains and makes use of analysis tools rare in undergraduate organic chemistry texts (flow charts as decision maps, correlation matrices to show all possible interactions, and simplified energy surfaces used as problem space maps), helping readers develop a good intuition for organic chemistry and the ability to approach and solve complex problems methods of analysis that are valuable and portable to other fields. This revised Second Edition builds on and improves the legacy of the first edition's unique decision-based approach to teaching/learning organic chemistry.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• PREFACE xiii COMMON ABBREVIATIONS xxi BIOGRAPHICAL STATEMENT xxv PART I INTRODUCTION 1
• 1. Localized Chemical Bonding 3 1.A. Covalent Bonding 3 1.B. Multiple Valence 6 1.C. Hybridization 7 1.D. Multiple Bonds 9 1.E. Photoelectron Spectroscopy 11 1.F. Electronic Structures of Molecules 14 1.G. Electronegativity 15 1.H. Dipole Moment 18 1.I. Inductive and Field Effects 19 1.J. Bond Distances 21 1.K. Bond Angles 25 1.L. Bond Energies 27
• 2. Delocalized Chemical Bonding 31 2.A. Molecular Orbitals 32 2.B. Bond Energies and Distances in Compounds Containing Delocalized Bonds 35 2.C. Molecules that have Delocalized Bonds 37 2.D. Cross-Conjugation 42 2.E. The Rules of Resonance 43 2.F. The Resonance Effect 45 2.G. Steric Inhibition of Resonance and the Influences of Strain 46 2.H. pp-dp Bonding. Ylids 49 2.I. Aromaticity 50 2.J. Alternant and Nonalternant Hydrocarbons 63 2.K. Aromatic Systems with Electron Numbers other than Six 65 2.L. Other Aromatic Compounds 82 2.M. Hyperconjugation 85 2.N. Tautomerism 89
• 3. Bonding Weaker Than Covalent 96 3.A. Hydrogen Bonding 96 3.B. p-p Interactions 103 3.C. Addition Compounds 104 3.D. Catenanes and Rotaxanes 118 3.E. Cucurbit[n]Uril-Based Gyroscane 121
• 4. Stereochemistry and Conformation 122 4.A. Optical Activity and Chirality 122 4.B. What Kinds of Molecules Display Optical Activity? 125 4.C. The Fischer Projection 136 4.D. Absolute Configuration 137 4.E. The Cause of Optical Activity 145 4.F. Molecules with more than One Stereogenic Center 146 4.G. Asymmetric Synthesis 149 4.H. Methods of Resolution 154 4.I. Optical Purity 160 4.J. cis trans Isomerism 162 4.K. Out-In Isomerism 168 4.L. Enantiotopic and Diastereotopic Atoms, Groups, and Faces 170 4.M. Stereospecific and Stereoselective Syntheses 173 4.N. Conformational Analysis 173 4.O. Molecular Mechanics 190 4.P. STRAIN 192
• 5. Carbocations, Carbanions, Free Radicals, Carbenes, and Nitrenes 208 5.A. Carbocations 208 5.B. Carbanions 221 5.C. Free Radicals 234 5.D. Carbenes 249 5.E. Nitrenes 257
• 6. Mechanisms and Methods of Determining them 261 6.A. Types of Mechanism 261 6.B. Types of Reaction 262 6.C. Thermodynamic Requirements for Reaction 264 6.D. Kinetic Requirements for Reaction 266 6.E. The Baldwin Rules for Ring Closure 270 6.F. Kinetic and Thermodynamic Control 271 6.G. The Hammond Postulate 272 6.H. Microscopic Reversibility 273 6.I. Marcus Theory 273 6.J. Methods of Determining Mechanisms 275
• 7. Irradiation Processes in Organic Chemistry 289 7.A. Photochemistry 289 7.B. Sonochemistry 307 7.C. Microwave Chemistry 309
• 8. Acids and Bases 312 8.A. Bronsted Theory 312 8.B. The Mechanism of Proton-Transfer Reactions 323 8.C. Measurements of Solvent Acidity 324 8.D. Acid and Base Catalysis 327 8.E. Lewis Acids and Bases 330 8.F. The Effects of Structure on the Strengths of Acids and Bases 334 8.G. The Effects of the Medium on Acid and Base Strength 343
• 9. Effects of Structure and Medium on Reactivity 347 9.A. Resonance and Field Effects 347 9.B. Steric Effects 349 9.C. Quantitative Treatments of the Effect of Structure on Reactivity 352 9.D. Effect of Medium on Reactivity and Rate 361 PART II INTRODUCTION 367
• 10. Aliphatic Substitution, Nucleophilic and Organometallic 373 10.A. Mechanisms 373 10.B. SET Mechanisms 389 10.C. The Neighboring-Group Mechanism 391 10.D. The SNi Mechanism 408 10.E. Nucleophilic Substitution at an Allylic Carbon: Allylic Rearrangements 409 10.F. Nucleophilic Substitution at an Aliphatic Trigonal Carbon: The Tetrahedral Mechanism 413 10.G. Reactivity 417 10.H. Reactions 451
• 11. Aromatic Substitution, Electrophilic 569 11.A. Mechanisms 569 11.B. Orientation and Reactivity 576 11.C. Quantitative Treatments of Reactivity in the Substrate 586 11.D.A Quantitative Treatment of Reactivity of the Electrophile: The Selectivity Relationship 588 11.E. The Effect of the Leaving Group 591 11.F. Reactions 591
• 12. Aliphatic, Alkenyl, and Alkynyl Substitution, Electrophilic and Organometallic 649 12.A. Mechanisms 650 12.B. Reactivity 658 12.C. Reactions 660
• 13. Aromatic Substitution: Nucleophilic and Organometallic 732 13.A. Mechanisms 732 13.B. Reactivity 741 13.C. Reactions 745
• 14. Substitution Reactions: Radical 803 14.A. Mechanisms 803 14.B. Reactivity 812 14.C. Reactions 821
• 15. Addition to Carbon-Carbon Multiple Bonds 859 15.A. Mechanisms 859 15.B. Orientation and Reactivity 871 15.C. Reactions 881
• 16. Addition to Carbon-Hetero Multiple Bonds 1067 16.A. Mechanism and Reactivity 1067 16.B. Reactions 1075
• 17. Eliminations 1253 17.A. Mechanisms and Orientation 1253 17.B. Regiochemistry of the Double Bond 1269 17.C. Stereochemistry of the Double Bond 1273 17.D. Reactivity 1274 17.E. Mechanisms and Orientation in Pyrolytic Eliminations 1278 17.F. Reactions 1282
• 18. Rearrangements 1321 18.A. Mechanisms 1322 18.B. Longer Nucleophilic Rearrangements 1331 18.C. Free Radical Rearrangements 1333 18.D. Carbene Rearrangements 1337 18.E. Electrophilic Rearrangements 1337 18.F. Reactions 1337
• 19. Oxidations and Reductions 1433 19.A. Mechanisms 1434 19.B. Reactions 1436 APPENDIX A: THE LITERATURE OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1569 APPENDIX B: CLASSIFICATION OF REACTIONS BY TYPE OF COMPOUNDS SYNTHESIZED 1605 INDEXES AUTHOR INDEX 1631 SUBJECT INDEX 1835.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The new, revised and updated 7th edition of March's Advanced Organic Chemistry clearly explains the theories and examples of organic chemistry, providing the most comprehensive resource about organic chemistry available. Readers are guided on planning and execution of multi-step synthetic reactions, with detailed descriptions of all the reactions. The first five chapters deal with the structure of organic compounds and discuss important organic chemistry bonds, fundamental principles of conformation, and stereochemistry of organic molecules, and reactive intermediates in organic chemistry. Chapters 6 to 9 are concerned with general principles of mechanism in organic chemistry, including acids and bases, photochemistry, sonochemistry and microwave irradiation, and finally the relationship between structure and reactivity. The last 10 chapters cover the nature and the scope of organic reactions and their mechanisms. The 7th edition proves again it is a must-have desktop reference and textbook for every student and professional working in organic chemistry or related fields. Key features of the 7th edition: * Every chapter has been updated with the most recent reaction information with references to both the primary and review literature * New to the 7th edition: 5,500 references since the last edition, updates / rewrites of the retained sections, and an updated index in Appendix B * Contains more than 1650 reactions and 20,000 valuable references to the primary literature * Includes appendices on the literature of organic chemistry and the classification of reactions according to the compounds synthesized * Guides the reader on planning and execution of multi-step synthetic reactions, with detailed descriptions of all the reactions. Reviews of the previous edition: "...a favorite general organic chemistry text and an easy-to-use one-volume reference. We are confident that this book will remain a dominant reference and that it will reside on many chemists' personal bookshelves." --Journal of Medicinal Chemistry "Who can hope to be seriously accepted as a member of the organic chemistry community without being in possession of at least one edition of 'March'?" --Chemistry and Industry.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

Acclaimed for its clarity and precision, Wadeâ s Organic Chemistry maintains scientific rigor while engaging students at all levels. Wade presents a logical, systematic approach to understanding the principles of organic reactivity and the mechanisms of organic reactions. This approach helps students develop the problem-solving strategies and the scientific intuition they will apply throughout the course and in their future scientific work. The Eighth Edition provides enhanced and proven features in every chapter, including new Chapter Goals, Essential Problem-Solving Skills and Hints that encourage both majors and non-majors to think critically and avoid taking "short cuts" to solve problems. Mechanism Boxes and Key Mechanism Boxes strengthen student understanding of Organic Chemistry as a whole while contemporary applications reinforce the relevance of this science to the real world. This package contains: Organic Chemistry, Eighth Edition</LI>.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• CHAPTER 1 IR SPECTROSCOPY 1 1.1 Vibrational Excitation 2 1.2 IR Spectra 3 1.3 Wavenumber 4 1.4 Signal Intensity 9 1.5 Signal Shape 11 1.6 Analyzing an IR Spectrum 19
• CHAPTER 2 NMR SPECTROSCOPY 26 2.1 Chemical Equivalence 26 2.2 Chemical Shift (Benchmark Values) 30 2.3 Integration 35 2.4 Multiplicity 39 2.5 Pattern Recognition 41 2.6 Complex Splitting 43 2.7 No Splitting 44 2.8 Hydrogen Deficiency Index (Degrees of Unsaturation) 46 2.9 Analyzing a Proton NMR Spectrum 49 2.10 13C NMR Spectroscopy 53
• CHAPTER 3 ELECTROPHILIC AROMATIC SUBSTITUTION 56 3.1 Halogenation and the Role of Lewis Acids 57 3.2 Nitration 61 3.3 Friedel-Crafts Alkylation and Acylation 64 3.4 Sulfonation 72 3.5 Activation and Deactivation 76 3.6 Directing Effects 78 3.7 Identifying Activators and Deactivators 88 3.8 Predicting and Exploiting Steric Effects 98 3.9 Synthesis Strategies 106
• CHAPTER 4 NUCLEOPHILIC AROMATIC SUBSTITUTION 112 4.1 Criteria for Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution 112 4.2 SNAr Mechanism 115 4.3 Elimination-Addition 121 4.4 Mechanism Strategies 126
• CHAPTER 5 KETONES AND ALDEHYDES 129 5.1 Preparation of Ketones and Aldehydes 129 5.2 Stability and Reactivity of C..O Bonds 133 5.3 H-Nucleophiles 135 5.4 O-Nucleophiles 140 5.5 S-Nucleophiles 153 5.6 N-Nucleophiles 155 5.7 C-Nucleophiles 165 5.8 Some Important Exceptions to the Rule 175 5.9 How to Approach Synthesis Problems 180
• CHAPTER 6 CARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES 187 6.1 Reactivity of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives 187 6.2 General Rules 188 6.3 Acid Halides 192 6.4 Acid Anhydrides 201 6.5 Esters 203 6.6 Amides and Nitriles 213 6.7 Synthesis Problems 222
• CHAPTER 7 ENOLS AND ENOLATES 231 7.1 Alpha Protons 231 7.2 Keto-Enol Tautomerism 233 7.3 Reactions Involving Enols 238 7.4 Making Enolates 241 7.5 Haloform Reaction 244 7.6 Alkylation of Enolates 247 7.7 Aldol Reactions 252 7.8 Claisen Condensation 259 7.9 Decarboxylation 266 7.10 Michael Reactions 273
• CHAPTER 8 AMINES 281 8.1 Nucleophilicity and Basicity of Amines 281 8.2 Preparation of Amines through SN2 Reactions 283 8.3 Preparation of Amines through Reductive Amination 287 8.4 Acylation of Amines 291 8.5 Reactions of Amines with Nitrous Acid 295 8.6 Aromatic Diazonium Salts 298 Answer Key 301 Index 345.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Readers continue to turn to Klein because it enables them to better understand fundamental principles, solve problems, and focus on what they need to know to succeed. The third edition explores the major principles in the field and explains why they are relevant. It is written in a way that clearly shows the patterns in organic chemistry so that readers can gain a deeper conceptual understanding of the material. Topics are presented clearly in an accessible writing style along with numerous of hands-on problem solving exercises.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Introduction.
• 2. Laboratory Safety, Courtesy, and Waste Disposal.
• 3. Melting Points and Boiling Points.
• 4. Recrystallization.
• 5. Distillation.
• 6. Steam Distillation, Vacuum Distillation, and Sublimation.
• 7. Extraction.
• 8. Thin-Layer Chromatography: Analysis of Analgesics and Isolating Lycopene from Tomato Paste.
• 9. Column Chromatography: Fluorenone, Cholesteryl Acetate, Acetylferrocene, and Plant Pigments.
• 10. Gas Chromatography: Analysis of Alkene Isomers.
• 11. Infrared Spectroscopy.
• 12. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.
• 13. Mass Spectroscopy.
• 14. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy, Refractive Indices, and Qualitative Instrumental Organic Analysis.
• 15. Computational Chemistry.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This manual derives many experiments and procedures from the classic Feiser lab text, giving it an unsurpassed reputation for solid, authoritative content. Featuring updated NMR spectra, new experiments that stress green chemistry and a Premium Website that includes glassware-specific videos with pre-lab, gradable exercises, this "Techniques Labs" edition of the authors' proven lab manual includes the most commonly used labs in the print manual and makes all the other experiments from "Macroscale and Microscale Organic Experiments" available for download on the companion website. Offering a flexible mix of macroscale and microscale options for most experiments, this proven manual emphasizes safety and allows users to save on the purchase and disposal of expensive, sometimes hazardous, organic chemicals. Macroscale versions can be used for less costly experiments, allowing users to get experience working with conventionally-sized glassware.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Structure and Bonding
• Isomerism in Organic Compounds
• Organic Reactions and Mechanisms
• Alkanes
• Alkenes
• Arenes
• Halogen Derivatives
• Alcohols and Phenols
• Carbonyl Compounds
• Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives
• Amines
• Amino Acids
• Polymers
• Mass Spectrometry
• Ultra-violet and Visible Spectroscopy
• Infrared Spectroscopy
• Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
• Chromatography and Electrophoresis.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Written for students taking either the University of Cambridge A-level examinations or the International Baccalaureate examinations, this textbook covers essential topics under both stipulated chemistry syllabi. The chapters on analytical techniques are also very enlightening to students doing higher level biology courses where a good understanding of the theoretical background of common analytical techniques is required. The book is written in such a way as to guide the reader through the understanding and applications of essential chemical concepts by introducing a discourse feature - the asking and answering of questions - that stimulates coherent thinking and hence, elucidates ideas. Based on the Socratic Method, questions are implanted throughout the book to help facilitate the reader's development in forming logical conclusions of concepts. The book helps students to master fundamental chemical concepts in a simple way. Topics are explored through an explanatory and inquiry-based approach. They are interrelated and easy to understand, with succinct explanations/examples being included, especially in areas that students frequently find difficult. Topics address the whys and hows behind key concepts to be mastered, so that the concepts are made understandable and intuitive for students. The focus is on conceptual learning so as to equip students with knowledge for critical learning and problem solving. Existing A-level textbooks and guidebooks generally introduce concepts in a matter-of-fact manner. This book adds a unique pedagogical edge which few can rival. Through their many years of teaching experience, the authors have acquired an acute awareness of students' common misconceptions which are relayed through the questions and thus help to reinforce concepts learnt.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Prologue and Introduction to Part I Background. Chapter 1. An Introduction to Structure and Bonding. A. The Sources of Carbon Compounds. B. More About Hydrocarbons. C. On the Nature of the Chemical Bond. Chapter 2. An Introduction to Spectroscopy and Selected Spectroscopic Methods in Organic Chemistry. A. General Introduction. B. X-Ray Crystallography. C. Photon Spectroscopy. D. Mass Spectrometry. Chapter 3. Structure: The Nomenclature of Hydrocarbons and the Shape of Things to Come. A. Introduction. B. Nomenclature and Spectroscopy. C. Physical and Chemical Properties
• Oxidation and Reduction of Hydrocarbons. Chapter 4. An Introduction to Dynamics. A. Introduction. B. Review of Some Energy Considerations. C. The Barrier Between Reactants and Products. D. More About the Transition State. E. Rotation About Sigma (s) Bonds in Acyclic Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes and Alkyl Substituted Arenes. F. Conformational Analysis of Medium-Ring Cyclic Alkanes . G. The Conservation of Symmetry During Reactions. H. The Measurement of Chirality. Chapter 5. Classes of Organic Compounds - A Survey. An Introduction to Solvents, Acids and Bases
• Computational Chemistry. A. Introduction. B. General Characteristics of Functional Group Placement. C. The Functional Groups and Their Names. D. An Introduction to Solvents. E. Acids and Bases. F. Computational Methods. Introduction to Part II Middleground. Chapter 6. Reactions of Hydrocarbons: Oxidation, Reduciton, Substitution, Addition, Elimination and Rearrangement. A. Introduction. B. Alkanes. C. Alkenes. D. Alkynes. E. Arenes and Aromaticity: Special Introduction. Chapter 7. The Reactions of Alkl, Alkenyl and Aryl Halides: Oxidation Reduction, Substitution, Addition Elimination, and Rearrangement. A. Introduction. B. Fluorocarbons. C. Oxidation. D. Reduction of Alkyl, Aldenyl and Aryl Halides. E. Nucleophilic Substitution. F. Addition Reactions. G. Elimination Reactions of Alkyl and Alkenyl Halides. H. Rearrangement Reactions of Alkyl and Alkenyl Halides. Chapter 8. Part I The Reactions of Alcohols, Enols and Phenols: Oxidation Reduction, Substitution, Addition Elimination, and Rearrangement. Part II Ethers. Part III Selected Reactions Of Alkyl and Aryl Thiols and Thioethers. Special Introduction. Part I. Alcohols, Enols and Phenols. A. Acidity and Basicity. B. Oxidation of Alcohols, Enols and Phenols. C. Reduction of Alcohols, Enols and Phenols. D. Substitution Reactions of Alcohols, Enols and Phenols. E. Addition Reactions of Alcohols, Enols and Phenols. G. Rearrangement Reactions of Alcohols, Enols and Phenols. Part II. Ethers. I. Introduction II. The Reactions of Ethers. Part III. Thiols, Thioethers, and Some Products of Their Oxidation. Chapter 9. Part I The Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones: Oxidation, Reduction, Substitution, Addition Elimination, and Rearrangement. Part II The Reactions of Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives: Oxidation, Reduction, Substitution, Addition Elimination, and Rearrangement. Introduction. Part I. Aldehydes and Ketones. A. Oxidation of Aldehydes and Ketones. B. Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketetones. C. Addition to Aldehydes and Ketones. D. Substitution Reactions Producing Aldehydes and Ketones. E. Rearrangement Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones. Part II. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives. A. General Introduction. B. Oxidation. C. Reduction. D. Substitution: Addition and Elimination. E. Additional Reactions and Rearrangements of Esters and ss-Dicarbonyl Compounds. Chapter 10. Part I The Reactions of Amines: Oxidation.Reduction, Addition, Substitution and Rearrangement. Part II Some Organo- phosphorus Chemistry. Part III Some Organosilicon Chemistry. Part I. The Reactions of Amines: Introduction. A. Oxidation of Amines. B. Reduction of Amines. C. Addition and Substitution Reactions of Amines with a General Introduction. D. Addition and Rearrangement Reactions of Amines. Part II: Some Organophosphorus Chemistry. Part III. Some Organosilicon Chemistry. Introduction to Part III Foreground. Chapter 11 An Introduction to Carbohydrates, Acetogenins and Steroids. I. Introduction. II. The Calvin Cycle. III.Carbohydrates. A. Biosynthesis. B. Chemistry. C. Oligosaccharides. D. Polysaccharides. IV. Actetogenins. A. Acetyl Coenzyme A. B. Acetyl CoA to Fatty-Acids and Related Compounds. C. Isoprenoides: To Dimethylallyl Diphosphate and Beyond. Chapter 12 An Introduction to Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins, Enzymes, Coenzymes and Metabolic Processes. I Introduction. II Amino Acids. A. Biosynthesis. B. Synthesis. III Peptides and Proteins. A. Amino Acids from Peptides. B. Peptides from Amino Acids - in vivo. C. Peptides from Amino Acids - in vitro. IV. The Coenzymes. A. Pyridoxal Phosphate. B. Lipoic Acid. C. Thiamin Diphosphate. D. Biotin. E. Adenosine. F. Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD + ). G. Coenzyme A (CoA-SH). H. Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD). I. S-Adenosylmethionine. J. Tetrahydrofolate. Chapter 13 An Introduction to Alkaloids and Some Other Heterocyclic Compounds. I. Introduction. II. Tropane Alkaloids. A. Chemistry of Hyoscyamine. B. Chemistry of Nicotine. C. Biosynthesis of Hyoscyamine and Nicotine. III. Morphine (and Codeine and Thebaine). A. Chemistry of Morphine (and Codeine and Thebaine). B. The Biosynthesis of Morphine (and Codeine and Thebaine). C. The Synthesis of Morphine. IV. Vinblastine. A. Chemistry of Vinblastine. B. Biosynthesis of Vinblastine. V. Caffeine. A. Some History and the Synthesis of Caffeine. B. Biosynthesis of Caffeine. Chapter 14 Part I. On the Genetic Code: Unity and Diversity. Part II The Tetrapyrrolic Cofactors: Unity and Diversity. Part I. Introduction (The Genetic Code ). Part A The Bases of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA and Ribonucleic Acid (RNA). A. Deoxynucleotides. B. The Role of Phosphate Part B. A. The Sequencing of DNA. B. Chemical Synthesis of DNA. C. Modification to DNA. Part II The Tetrapyrrolic Cofactors. A. Introduction. B. Some Early Chemistry. C. Current Biosynthetic Understanding. Epilogue. Appendix I The Schrodinger Equation. Appendix II The Literature.
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This book differs from other organic chemistry textbooks in that it is not focused purely on the needs of students studying premed, but rather for all students studying organic chemistry. It directs the reader to question present assumptions rather than to accept what is told, sothe second chapter is largely devoted to spectroscopy (rather than finding it much later on as with most current organic chemistry textbooks). Additionally, after an introduction to spectroscopy, thermodynamics and kinetics, the presentation of structural information of compounds and organic families advances from hydrocarbons to alcohols to aldehydes and ketones and, finally, to carboxylic acids.
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• 1. Structure and Bonding
• Acids and Bases. 2. The Nature of Organic Compounds: Alkanes. 3. The Nature of Organic Reactions: Alkenes. 4. Reactions of Alkenes and Alkynes. 5. Aromatic Compounds. 6. Stereochemistry. 7. Alkyl Halides. 8. Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers. 9. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition Reactions. 10. Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives. 11. Carbonyl Alpha-Substitution Reactions and Condensation Reactions. 12. Amines. INTERLUDE: THE ROADMAP OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS. 13. Structure Determination. 14. Biomolecules: Carbohydrates. 15. Biomolecules: Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins. 16. Biomolecules: Lipids and Nucleic Acids. 17. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Master organic chemistry with this thorough, to-the-point introduction to the fascinating science of organic chemistry. In every chapter of FUNDAMENTALS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, 7e, you'll find applications that demonstrate how organic chemistry relates to your everyday life, a striking full color art program that helps you visualize chemical processes and reactions, and superior learning tools you can use to study for tests, master key concepts, and succeed in the course.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)
Retaining the concise, to-the-point presentation that has already helped thousands of students move beyond memorization to a true understanding of the beauty and logic of organic chemistry, this Seventh Edition of John McMurry's FUNDAMENTALS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY brings in new, focused content that shows students how organic chemistry applies to their everyday lives. In addition, redrawn chemical structures and artwork help students visualize important chemical concepts, a greater emphasis on biologically-related chemistry (including new problems) helps them grasp the enormous importance of organic chemistry in understanding the reactions that occur in living organisms, and new End ofChapter problems keyed to OWL allow them to work text-specific problems online. Lastly, for this edition, John McMurry reevaluated and revised his writing at the sentence level to ensure that the book's explanations, applications, and examples are more student-friendly, relevant, and motivating than ever before.
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• Chapter One: Introduction. Chapter Two: Safety. Chapter Three: Introduction to Microscale Organic Laboratory Equipment and Techniques. Chapter Four: Determination of Physical Properties. Chapter Five: Microscale Laboratory Techniques. Chapter Six: Microscale Organic Laboratory Experiments. Chapter Seven: Sequential Syntheses: The Transition from Macro to Micro. Chapter Eight: Spectroscopic Identification of Organic Compounds. Chapter Nine: Qualitative Identification of Organic Compounds. Chapter Ten (Online): Advanced Microscale Organic Laboratory Experiments.
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This is a laboratory text for the mainstream organic chemistry course taught at both two and four year schools, featuring both microscale experiments and options for scaling up appropriate experiments for use in the macroscale lab. It provides complete coverage of organic laboratory experiments and techniques with a strong emphasis on modern laboratory instrumentation, a sharp focus on safety in the lab, excellent pre- and post-lab exercises, and multi-step experiments. Notable enhancements to this new edition include inquiry-driven experimentation, validation of the purification process, and the implementation of greener processes (including microwave use) to perform traditional experimentation.
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• 1 The Basics: Bonding And Molecular Structure.
• 2 Families Of Carbon Compounds: Functional Groups, Intermolecular Forces, And Infrared (Ir) Spectroscopy.
• 3 An Introduction To Organic Reactions And Their Mechanisms: Acids And Bases.
• 4 Nomenclature And Conformations Of Alkanes And Cycloalkanes.
• 5 Stereochemistry: Chiral Molecules.
• 6 Ionic Reactions: Nucleophilic Substitution And Elimination Reactions Of Alkyl Halides.
• 7 Alkenes And Alkynes I: Properties And Synthesis. Elimination Reactions Of Alkyl Halides.
• 8 Alkenes And Alkynes Ii: Addition Reactions.
• 9 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance And Mass Spectrometry: Tools For Structure Determination.
• 10 Radical Reactions.
• 11 Alcohols And Ethers.
• 12 Alcohols From Carbonyl Compounds: Oxidation-Reduction And Organometallic Compounds. Answers To Selected Problems. Glossary. Photo Credits. Index.
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The tenth edition of "Organic Chemistry" continues Solomons/Fryhle's tradition of excellence in teaching and preparing students for success in the organic classroom and beyond. In the tenth edition, virtually every aspect of the teaching and learning solution has been revisited and redesigned to assist students in comprehending the fundamentals of organic chemistry. The authors' thoroughly explain and illustrate each new idea when it is first introduced and then reinforce the new idea or concept by having students work related problems.
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In this innovative text, Bruice balances coverage of traditional topics with bioorganic chemistry to show how organic chemistry is related to biological systems and to our daily lives. Functional groups are organized around mechanistic similarities, emphasizing what functional groups do rather than how they are made. Tying together the reactivity of a functional group and the synthesis of compounds resulting from its reactivity prevents students from needing to memorize lists of unrelated reactions. The Sixth Edition has been revised and streamlined throughout to enhance clarity and accessibility, and adds a wealth of new problems and problem-solving strategies.
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This innovative text organizes functional groups around mechanistic similarities emphasizing what functional groups do rather than how they are made. The strategy of tying together the reactivity of a functional group and the synthesis of compounds resulting from its reactivity prevents students from having to memorize lists of unrelated reactions. This organization allows a great deal of material to be understood in light of unifying principles of reactivity. Bruice balances coverage of traditional topics with bioorganic chemistry to show how organic chemistry is related to biological systems and to our daily lives. The Sixth Edition has been revised and streamlined throughout to enhance clarity and accessibility, and adds a wealth of new problems and problem-solving strategies.
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• Preface Prologue Chapter 1 Structure and Bonding Chapter 2 Acids and Bases Chapter 3 Introduction to Organic Molecules and Functional Groups Chapter 4 Alkanes Chapter 5 Stereochemistry Chapter 6 Understanding Organic Reactions Chapter 7 Alkyl Halides and Nucleophilic Substitution Chapter 8 Alkyl Halides and Elimination Reactions Chapter 9 Alcohols, Ethers, and Epoxides Chapter 10 Alkenes Chapter 11 Alkynes Chapter 12 Oxidation and Reduction Chapter 13 Mass Spectrometry and Infrared Spectroscopy Chapter 14 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Chapter 15 Radical Reactions Chapter 16 Conjugation, Resonance, and Dienes Chapter 17 Benzene and Aromatic Compounds Chapter 18 Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Chapter 19 Carboxylic Acids and the Acidity of the O-H Bond Chapter 20 Introduction to Carbonyl Chemistry
• Organometallic Reagents
• Oxidation and Reduction Chapter 21 Aldehydes and Ketones-Nucleophilic Addition Chapter 22 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives-Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Chapter 23 Substitution Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds at the a-Carbon Chapter 24 Carbonyl Condensation Reactions Chapter 25 Amines Chapter 26 Carbon-Carbon Bond-Forming Reactions in Organic Synthesis Chapter 27 Carbohydrates Chapter 28 Amino Acids and Proteins Chapter 29 Lipids Chapter 30 Synthetic Polymers Appendices Glossary Credits Index.
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This is serious science with an approach built for today's students. Smith's "Organic Chemistry" continues to breathe new life into the organic chemistry world. This new third edition retains its popular delivery of organic chemistry content in a student-friendly format. Janice Smith draws on her extensive teaching background to deliver organic chemistry in a way in which students learn: with limited use of text paragraphs, and through concisely written bulleted lists and highly detailed, well-labeled 'teaching' illustrations. Don't make your text decision without seeing "Organic Chemistry, 3rd Edition" by Janice Gorzynski Smith.
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• 1 Structure Determines Properties 2 Alkanes and Cycloakanes: Introduction to Hydrocarbons 3 Alkanes and Cycloalkanes: Conformations and cis-trans Stereoisomers 4 Alcohols and Alkyl Halides 5 Structure and Preparation of Alkenes: Elimination Reactions 6 Addition Reactions of Alkenes 7 Stereochemistry 8 Nucleophilic Substitution 9 Alkynes 10 Conjugation in alkadienes and Allylic Systems
• 11 Arenes and Aromaticity 12 Reactions of Arenes: Electrophilic and Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution 13 Spectroscopy 14 Organometallic Compounds 15 Alcohols, Diols, and Thiols 16 Ethers, Epoxides, and Sulfides 17 Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition to the Carbonyl Group 18 Carboxylic Acids 19 Acid Derivatives
• 20 Enols and Enolates 21 Amines 22 Phenols
• 23 Carbohydrates 24 Lipids 25 Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins 26 Nucleosides, Nucleotides, and Nucleic Acids 27 Synthetic Polymers GLOSSARY CREDITS INDEX.
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This is a market leading, traditional approach to organic chemistry. Throughout all eight editions, "Organic Chemistry" has been designed to meet the needs of the 'mainstream', two-semester, undergraduate organic chemistry course. This best-selling text gives students a solid understanding of organic chemistry by stressing how fundamental reaction mechanisms function and reactions occur.
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• The discovery and detection of isotopes in organic chemistry
• Labelling compounds with carbon-13 and carbon-14
• Labelling with deuterium and tritium
• Some examples of the stereochemistry of labelling with hydrogen isotopes
• The synthesis of labelled amino acids
• Labelling compounds with nitrogen-15 and oxygen-18
• Labelling compounds with the radioactive isotopes of phosphorous, sulfur and the halogens
• Labelling for Positron Emission Tomography
• Glossary
• Further Reading
• Index.
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The chemical synthesis of isotopically labelled compounds is a pre-requisite for many chemical, biochemical and medicinal investigations. The constraints imposed by the requirements for regiospecific labelling and, in some instances, the time-scale of the synthesis often lead to quite different synthetic strategies to those that are used for the unlabelled material. Whilst there are many specialist papers, reviews and long books devoted to particular isotopes, there is no currently available short introductory book devoted to the organic chemistry of isotopic labelling. The aim of this book is to introduce research workers to a variety of methods that have been used to achieve these synthetic labelling objectives before exploring a particular method in detail. It covers a number of different isotopes and the methods that have been used to introduce them into organic compounds. Labelling methods also provide useful undergraduate teaching examples of modern synthetic reactions and their stereochemical consequences using relatively simple substrates. The book will therefore have a wider appeal than just those involved in using isotopes in research such as environmental and pharmaceutical chemists as well as organic chemists.
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• Preface Structure and Bonding in Organic Molecules Structure and Reactivity: Acids and Bases, Polar and Nonpolar Molecules Reactions of Alkanes: Bond-Dissociation Energies, Radical Halogenation, and Relative Reactivity Cycloalkanes Stereoisomers Properties and Reactions of Haloalkanes: Bimolecular Nucleophilic Substitution Further Reactions of Haloalkanes: Unimolecular Substitution and Pathways of Elimination Hydroxy Functional Group: Alcohols: Properties, Preparation, and Strategy of Synthesis Further Reactions of Alcohols and the Chemistry of Ethers Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy to Deduce Structure Alkenes
• Infrared Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry Reactions of Alkenes Alkynes: The Carbon-Carbon Triple Bond Delocalized Pi Systems: Investigation by Ultraviolet and Visible Spectroscopy Benzene and Aromaticity: Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Electrophilic Attack on Derivatives of Benzene: Substituents Control Regioselectivity Aldehydes and Ketones: The Carbonyl Group Enols, Enolates and the Aldol Condensation: I , beta-Unsaturated Aldehydes and Ketones Carboxylic Acids Carboxylic Acid Derivatives Amines and Their Derivatives: Functional Groups Containing Nitrogen Chemistry of Benzene Substituents: Alkylbenzenes, Phenols, and Benzenamines Ester Enolates and the Claisen Condensation: Synthesis of beta-Dicarbonyl Compounds
• Acyl Anion Equivalents Carbohydrates: Polyfunctional Compounds in Nature Heterocycles: Heteroatoms in Cyclic Organic Compounds Amino Acids, Peptides, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids: Nitrogen-Containing Polymers in Nature MCAT Questions Answers to Exercises Photograph Credits Index.
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With authors who are both accomplished researchers and educators, Vollhardt and Schore's Organic Chemistry has proven effective for making contemporary organic chemistry accessible, introducing cutting-edge research in a fresh, student-friendly way. A wealth of unique study tools help students organize and understand the substantial information presented in this course. In the sixth edition, the themes of understanding reactivity, mechanisms, and synthetic analysis to apply chemical concepts to realistic situations has been strengthened. New applications of organic chemistry in the life sciences, industrial practices, green chemistry, and environmental monitoring and clean-up are incorporated to keep the book up to date on these increasingly important topics. The book is supported by a companion website (www.whfreeman.com/vollhardtschore6e), which offers students a range of tools for problem-solving and chemical exploration, including molecular modelling questions, online quizzes, animations, and lecture videos from Peter Vollhardt.
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• 1. Structure and Bonding. 2. Polar Covalent Bonds
• Acids and Bases. 3. Organic Compounds: Alkanes and Their Stereochemistry. 4. Organic Compounds: Cycloalkanes and Their Stereochemistry. 5. Stereochemistry at Tetrahedral Centers. 6. An Overview of Organic Reactions. 7. Alkenes and Alkynes. 8. Reactions of Alkenes and Alkynes. 9. Aromatic Compounds. 10. Structure Determination: Mass Spectrometry, Infrared Spectroscopy, and Ultraviolet Spectroscopy. 11. Structure Determination: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. 12. Organohalides: Nucleophilic Substitutions and Eliminations. 13. Alcohols, Phenols, and Thiols
• Ethers and Sulfides. A PREVIEW OF CARBONYL CHEMISTRY. 14. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition Reactions. 15. Carboxylic Acids and Nitriles. 16. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Reactions. 17. Carbonyl Alpha-Substitution and Condensation Reactions. 18. Amines and Heterocycles. 19. Biomolecules: Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins. 20. Amino Acid Metabolism. 21. Biomolecules: Carbohydrates. 22. Carbohydrate Metabolism. 23. Biomolecules: Lipids and Their Metabolism. 24. Biomolecules: Nucleic Acids and Their Metabolism. 25. Secondary Metabolites: An Introduction to Natural Products Chemistry.
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Renowned for its student-friendly writing style and fresh perspective, John McMurry's ORGANIC CHEMISTRY WITH BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS offers full coverage of the foundations of organic chemistry--enhanced by biological examples throughout. Based on user feedback, McMurry continues to discuss the organic chemistry of biological pathways and now adds two dozen additional organic chemistry topics, as well as new problems, new illustrations, and new essays. Media integration with Organic OWL, a customizable online learning system and assessment tool, reduces faculty workload, facilitates instruction, and helps students master concepts through tutorials, simulations, and algorithmically generated homework questions.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)
Renowned for its student-friendly writing style and fresh perspective, this fully updated Second Edition of John McMurry's "Organic Chemistry: A Biological Approach, International Edition" provides full coverage of the foundations of organic chemistry-enhanced by biological examples throughout. Based on user feedback, McMurry continues to discuss the organic chemistry of biological pathways and now adds two dozen additional organic chemistry topics, as well as new problems, new illustrations, and new essays. Media integration with OWL for Organic Chemistry, a customizable online learning system and assessment tool, reduces faculty workload, facilitates instruction, and helps students master concepts through tutorials, simulations, and algorithmically generated homework questions.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

This supplement accompanies an updated text which features more than 350 new problems. Carbonyl chemistry is now covered in consecutive chapters. The concept of ionic reactions is consolidated before students move on to study radical reactions.
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• Ether/or
• The architect of molecules
• Building an unseen structure
• A barometer of the science
• The heuristics of molecular representation
• Molecules as metaphors
• Aromatic apparitions
• Dimensional molecules
• Kopp's world
• Kekulé's "dreams"
• The scientific image-ination.

Chemists in the nineteenth century were faced with a particular problem: how to depict the atoms and molecules beyond the direct reach of our bodily senses. In visualizing this microworld, these scientists were the first to move beyond high-level philosophical speculations regarding the unseen. In "Image and Reality", Alan J. Rocke focuses on the community of organic chemists in Germany to provide the basis for a fuller understanding of the nature of scientific creativity. Arguing that visual mental images assisted many of these scientists in thinking through old problems and new possibilities, Rocke uses a variety of sources, including private correspondence, diagrams and illustrations, scientific papers, and public statements to investigate their ability to not only imagine the invisibly tiny atoms and molecules upon which they operated daily, but to build detailed and empirically based pictures of them. These portrayals of 'chemical structures' gradually became an accepted part of science and are now regarded as one of the defining features of chemistry. In telling this fascinating story, Rocke also suggests that imagistic thinking is often at the heart of creative thinking in all fields.
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• 1 Introduction and Review
• 2 Structure and Properties of Organic Molecules
• 3 Structure and Stereochemistry of Alkanes
• 4 The Study of Chemical Reactions
• 5 Stereochemistry
• 6 Alkyl Halides: Nucleophilic Substitution and Elimination
• 7 Structure and Synthesis of Alkenes
• 8 Reactions of Alkenes
• 9 Alkynes
• 10 Structure and Synthesis of Alcohols
• 11 Reactions of Alcohols
• 12 Infrared Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry
• 13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
• 14 Ethers, Epoxides, and Sulfides
• 15 Conjugated Systems, Orbital Symmetry, and Ultraviolet Spectroscopy
• 16 Aromatic Compounds
• 17 Reactions of Aromatic Compounds
• 18 Ketones and Aldehydes
• 19 Amines
• 20 Carboxylic Acids
• 21 Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
• 22 Condensations and Alpha Substitutions of Carbonyl Compounds
• 23 Carbohydrates and Nucleic Acids
• 24 Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
• 25 Lipids
• 26 Synthetic Polymers Appendices Answers to Selected Problems Photo Credits Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

For two-semester courses in Organic Chemistry taken primarily by science and pre-health majors. Organized around functional groups, Wade's text is known for its student-oriented approach--incorporating problem solving help, orientation features, and complete discussions of mechanisms. Wade explains concepts without taking the unnecessary short cuts that often lead to misconceptions. Wade's hallmark problem-solving approach includes unique strategies and hints to help students focus on the individual steps of each reaction and how they contribute to the overall reaction. Wade also employs the most pedagogically efficient method of mechanism boxes with its two-tiered approach: Mechanism and Key Mechanism Boxes. Because there are over 100 mechanisms boxed in every text, Wade delineates the 20 "Key" mechanisms that comprise nearly all of the mechanisms students will encounter. This means Wade goes one additional and important step in helping students identify and grapple with the smallest number of the most important concepts to understand.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• The Organic Chemistry Literature Abstracting and Other Current Awareness Services Principal Electronic Dictionaries Useful Reference Works and Review Series Patents, Including Patent Awareness Services Cheminformatics Companies Primary Journals Endnotes Nomenclature Fundamentals IUPAC Nomenclature CAS Nomenclature Types of Name Constructing a Systematic Name Nomenclature of Ring Systems Ring Systems (General) Bridged Ring Systems Spiro Compounds Heterocyclic Ring Systems Ring Assemblies Ring Fusion Names Nomenclature of Individual Classes of Compound Carbohydrates Alditols and Cyclitols Amino Acids and Peptides Natural Products (General) Steroids Lipids Carotenoids Lignans Nucleotides and Nucleosides Tetrapyrroles Organoboron Compounds Organophosphorus (and Organoarsenic) Compounds Azo and Azoxy Compounds Labelled Compounds Tautomeric Compounds Acronyms and Miscellaneous Terms Used in Describing Organic Molecules Abbreviations and Acronyms for Reagents and Protecting Groups in Organic Chemistry Glossary of Miscellaneous Terms and Techniques Used in Nomenclature, Including Colloquial Terms Stereochemistry The Sequence Rule: R and S Graphical and Textual Representations of Stereochemistry Chiral Molecules with No Centres of Chirality E and Z The D, L-System Descriptors and Terms Used in Stereochemistry Graphical Representation of Organic Compounds Zigzag Natta Projection Stereochemistry CAS Numbers, InChI, and Other Identifiers CAS Registry Numbers InChI Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System (SMILES) Molecular Formulae The Hill System Chemical Abstracts Conventions Checking Molecular Formulae Chemical Hazard Information for the Laboratory Hazard and Risk Assessment Physical and Reactive Chemical Hazards Health Hazards Handling and Storage of Chemicals Hazardous Reaction Mixtures Disposal of Chemicals Solvents Peroxide-Forming Chemicals Further Literature Sources Spectroscopy Infrared Spectroscopy Ultraviolet Spectroscopy Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Mass Spectrometry Introduction Ionisation Techniques and Mass Spectrometer Systems Interpreting Mass Spectra and Molecular Mass Sample Introduction and Solvent Systems for Electrospray Mass Spectrometry Common Adducts and Contaminants in Mass Spectra MALDI Matrices Fragment Ions and Neutral Losses Natural Abundance and Isotopic Masses of Selected Isotopes and Nuclear Particles Glossary of Abbreviations and Terms Commonly Used in Mass Spectrometry Crystallography Introduction Definitions Crystallographic Point Groups Space Groups Reciprocal Lattice Examples of Organic Crystals CIF Data Format Bragg's Law and the X-Ray Spectrum Crystal Specimen Preparation for X-Ray Analysis Chromatographic Chiral Separation Types of Molecular Interactions Diastereomeric Compounds and Complexes Chiral Mobile Phases Chiral Stationary Phases Laboratory Data and SI Units Solvents Buffer Solutions Acid and Base Dissociation Constants Resolving Agents Freezing Mixtures Materials Used for Heating Baths Drying Agents Pressure-Temperature Nomograph SI Units Languages A German-English Dictionary Russian and Greek Alphabets SI Units Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Since the first publication in 1995, the Organic Chemist's Desk Reference has been essential reading for laboratory chemists who need a concise guide to the essentials of organic chemistry - the literature, nomenclature, stereochemistry, spectroscopy, hazard information, and laboratory data. The past fifteen years have witnessed immense growth in the field of chemistry and new discoveries have continued to shape its progress. In addition, the distinction between organic chemistry and other disciplines such as biochemistry and materials science has become increasingly blurred. Extensively revised and updated, this new edition contains the very latest data that chemists need access to for experimentation and research. New in the Second Edition: Rearranged content placed in a logical progressive order, making subjects easier to find Expanded topics from the glossary now presented as separate chapters Updated information on many classic subjects such as mass spectrometry and infrared, ultraviolet, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy New sections on chiral separations and crystallography Cross references to a plethora of web information Reflecting a 75% revision since the last edition, this volume is a must-have for organic chemists and those in related fields who need quick and easy access to vital information in the lab. It is also a valuable companion to the Dictionary of Organic Compounds, enabling readers to easily focus in on critical data.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Works alongside the content of the main text (ISBN 978-1-4292-3924-0).
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The study guide provides extra study support for students using Organic Chemistry, sixth edition, by Vollhardt and Schore. It contains chapter outlines, detailed comments and new material for each section, a full glossary and reasoned solutions to the end-of-chapter questions.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• PART I: INTRODUCTION TO THE ORGANIC LABORATORY ESSAY: The Role of the Laboratory Safety in the Laboratory Protecting the Environment Laboratory Notebooks and Prelaboratory Information PART II: CARRYING OUT CHEMICAL REACTIONS ESSAY: Learning to Do Organic Chemistry Laboratory Glassware Measurements and Transferring Reagents Heating and Cooling Methods Assembling a Reaction Apparatus Computational Chemistry Planning a Chemical Reaction PART III: SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNIQUES ESSAY: Intermolecular Forces in Organic Chemistry Filtration Extraction Drying Organic Liquids and Recovering Reaction Products Boiling Points and Distillation Melting Points and Melting Ranges Recrystallization Specialized Techniques PART IV: CHROMOTOGRAPHIC SEPARATION AND ANALYSES ESSAY: Modern Chromatographic Separations Thin-Layer Chromatography Liquid Chromotography Gas-Liquid Chromotography PART V: SPECTROSCOPIC METHODS ESSAY: The Spectroscopic Revolution Infrared Spectroscopy 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 13C and Two-Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy Mass Spectrometry Ultraviolet and Visible Spectroscopy Integrated Spectroscopy Problems.
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Techniques in Organic Chemistry is the most comprehensive and detailed presentation of lab techniques available for organic chemistry students - and the least expensive. It combines specific instructions for 3 different kinds of laboratory glassware (miniscale, standard-taper microscale, )Williamson microscale) and offers extensive coverage of spectroscopic techniques, and a strong emphasis on safety issues. The techniques manual can be packaged with either version of Mohrig, Modern Projects and Experiments in Organic Chemistry, with an instructor's own experiments through Freeman Custom Publishing, or may be purchased separately.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

"Introduces organic chemistry through a mechanistic approach within a functional group framework. Contains 1,668 exercises--many of which are taken directly from the scientific literature--that encourage readers to analyze and synthesize chemical concepts. Includes modern topics such as alkene metathesis, Suzuki and Stille cross-coupling reactions, and examples drawn from contemporary medical practice."--Provided by the publisher.

• PART ONE SELF-ORGANIZATION, NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY Subcomponent Self-Assembly as a Route to New Structures and Materials Molecular Metal Oxides and Clusters as Building Blocks for Functional Nanoscale Architectures and Potential Nanosystems Nanostructured Porous Materials: Building Matter from the Bottom Up Strategies Toward Hierarchically Structured Optoelectronically Active Polymers Mimicking Nature: Bio-inspired Models of Copper Proteins From the Past to the Future of Rotaxanes Multiphoton Processes and Nonlinear Optics in Lanthanide Complexes Organic Molecular Nanotechnology: Light-emitting Organic Nanoaggregates from Functionalized para-Quaterphenylenes Plant Viral Capsids as Programmable Nanobuilding Blocks New Calorimetric Approaches to the Study of Soft Matter 3D Organization PART TWO ORGANIC SYNTHESIS, CATALYSIS AND MATERIALS Naphthalenediimides as Photoactive and Electroactive Components in Supramolecular Chemistry Coordination Chemistry of Phosphole Ligands Substituted with Pyridyl Moieties: From Catalysis to Nonlinear Optics and Supramolecular Assemblies Selective Hydrogen Transfer Reactions over Supported Copper Catalysts Leading to Simple, Safe, and Clean Protocols for Organic Synthesis Selective Oxido-Reductive Processes by Nucleophilic Radical Addition under Mild Conditions PART THREE HEALTH, FOOD, AND ENVIRONMENT Speeding Up Discovery Chemistry: New Perspectives in Medicinal Chemistry Overview of Protein-Tannin Interactions Photochemical Transformation Processes of Environmental Significance.
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Providing a glimpse into the future, the young scientists contributing here were considered to be the most important for tomorrow's chemistry and materials science. They present the state of the art in their particular fields of research, with topics ranging from new synthetic pathways and nanotechnology to green chemistry. Of major interest to organic chemists, materials scientists and biochemists.
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• Introduction Reductions Oxidations of C, H- and C=C Bonds Oxidative Allylic Oxygenation and Amination Oxidation of Heteroatoms Cross Coupling Reactions Aromatic Substitutions Nucleophilic Substitutions Addition to Carbonyl Compounds Cyclisations Ring Opening Reactions Iron-Catalysis in Biological Environment.
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• 1. THE BASICS: Bonding and Molecular Structure.
• 2. REPRESENTATIVE CARBON COMPOUNDS: Functional Groups, Intermolecular Forces, and Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy.
• 3. AN INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC REACTIONS AND THEIR MECHANISMS: Acids and Bases.
• 4. NOMENCLATURE AND CONFORMATIONS OF ALKANES AND CYCLOALKANES.
• 5. STEREOCHEMISTRY: Chiral Molecules.
• 6. IONIC REACTIONS: Nucleophilic Substitution and Elimination Reactions of Alkyl Halides.
• 7. ALKENES AND ALKYNES I: Properties and Synthesis. Elimination Reactions of Alkyl Halides.
• 8. ALKENES AND ALKYNES II: Addition Reaction.
• 9. NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE AND MASS SPECTROMETRY: Tools for Structure Determination.
• 10. RADICAL REACTIONS.
• 11. ALCOHOLS AND ETHERS.
• 12. ALCOHOLS FROM CARBONYL COMPOUNDS: Oxidation-Reduction and Organometallic Compounds.
• 13. CONJUGATED UNSATURATED SYSTEMS.
• 14. AROMATIC COMPOUNDS.
• 15. REACTIONS OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS.
• 16. ALDEHYDES AND KETONES I: Nucleophilic Additions to the Carbonyl Group.
• 17. ALDEHYDES AND KETONES II: Enols and Enolates.
• 18. CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES: Nucleophilic Addiction-Elimination at the Acyl Carbon.
• 19. SYNTHESIS AND REACTIONS OF s-DICARBONYL COMPOUNDS: More Chemistry of Enolates.
• 20. AMINES.
• 21. PHENOLS AND ARYL HALIDES: Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution.
• 22. CARBOHYDRATES.
• 23. LIPIDS.
• 24. AMINO ACIDS & PROTEINS.
• 25. NUCLEIC ACIDS & PROTEIN SYNTHESIS. Answers to Selected Problems. Glossary. Photo Credits. Index.
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"The Ninth Edition of Organic Chemistry" continues Solomons-Fryhle's tradition of excellence in teaching and preparing students for success in the organic classroom and beyond. Students are often overwhelmed by the early rigors of organic chemistry. Solomons-Fryhle prepares students for these early rigors by introducing acids and bases - topics they know from general chemistry - early, followed by chapters on structure and stereochemistry. Next, a discussion of ionic reactions gives students a foundation for the vast majority of reactions that they will encounter. The Ninth Edition continues to introduce IR spectroscopy in chapter 2 (after functional groups) and Carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy in chapter 4, providing synergy with most lab courses and, again, reinforcing learning. The new edition of Solomons-Fryhle also has a completely revised WileyPLUS course to help students and instructors reach their full potential. WileyPLUS provides instructors with the most robust online homework solution in organic chemistry. This revision of WileyPLUS meets students where and when they learn and provides them with a learning platform that offers real learning solutions that complement their approach to managing and mastering organic concepts.
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• 1. Structure and Bonding. 2. Polar Covalent Bonds
• Acids and Bases. 3. Organic Compounds: Alkanes and Their Stereochemistry. 4. Organic Compounds: Cycloalkanes and Their Stereochemistry. 5. An Overview of Organic Reactions. 6. Alkenes: Structure and Reactivity. 7. Alkenes: Reactions and Synthesis. 8. Alkynes: An Introduction to Organic Synthesis. 9. Stereochemistry. 10. Organohalides. 11. Reactions of Alkyl Halides: Nucleophilic Substitutions and Eliminations. 12. Structure Determination: Mass Spectrometry and Infrared Spectroscopy. 13. Structure Determination: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. 14. Conjugated Compounds and Ultraviolet Spectroscopy. 15. Benzene and Aromaticity. 16. Chemistry of Benzene: Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution. 17. Alcohols and Phenols. 18. Ethers and Epoxides
• Thiols and Sulfides. A Preview of Carbonyl Compounds. 19. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition Reactions. 20. Carboxylic Acids and Nitriles. 21. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Reactions. 22. Carbonyl Alpha-Substitution Reactions. 23. Carbonyl Condensation Reactions. 24. Amines and Heterocycles. 25. Biomolecules: Carbohydrates. 26. Biomolecules: Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins. 27. Biomolecules: Lipids. 28. Biomolecules: Nucleic Acids. 29. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways. 30. Orbitals and Organic Chemistry: Pericyclic Reactions. 31. Synthetic Polymers.
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The trusted, best-selling text for organic chemistry just got better! Updated with the latest developments, expanded with more illustrations and "Visualizing Chemistry" problems, and enhanced with new media-based "Organic Knowledge Tools, " John McMurry's ORGANIC CHEMISTRY continues to set the standard for the course. The Seventh Edition also retains McMurry's hallmark qualities: comprehensive, authoritative, and clear. McMurry has developed a reputation for crafting precise and accessible texts that speak to the needs of instructors and students. More than a million students worldwide from a full range of universities have explored organic chemistry through his trademark style, while instructors have praised his approach time and time again.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1 Structure Determines Properties
• 2 Hydrocarbon Frameworks
• 3 Conformations of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
• 4 Alcohols and Alkyl Halides
• 5 Structure and Preparation of Alkenes: Elimination Reactions
• 6 Reactions of Alkenes: Addition Reactions
• 7 Stereochemistry
• 8 Nucleophilic Substitution
• 9 Alkynes
• 10 Conjugation in alkadienes and Allylic Systems
• 11 Arenes and Aromaticity
• 12 Reactions of Arenes: Electrophilic aromatic substitution
• 13 Spectroscopy
• 14 Organometallic Compounds
• 15 Alcohols, Diols and Thiols
• 16 Ether, Epoxides and Sulfides
• 17 Aldehydes and Ketones
• 18 Enols and Enolates
• 19 Carboxylic Acids
• 20 Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
• 21 Ester Enolates
• 22 Amines
• 23 Aryl Halides
• 24 Phenols
• 25 Carbohydrates
• 26 Lipids
• 27 Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins
• 28 Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Bioenergetics
• 29 Synthetic Polymers GLOSSARY CREDITS INDEX.
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Throughout all seven editions, "Organic Chemistry" has been designed to meet the needs of the "mainstream, " two-semester, undergraduate organic chemistry course. This best-selling text gives students a solid understanding of organic chemistry by stressing how fundamental reaction mechanisms function and reactions occur. With the addition of handwritten solutions, new cutting-edge molecular illustrations, updated spectroscopy coverage, seamless integration of molecular modeling exercises, and state-of-the-art multimedia tools, the 7th edition of "Organic Chemistry" clearly offers the most up-to-date approach to the study of organic chemistry.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface Chapter 1: Ultraviolet and visible spectra 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Chromophores 1.3 The absorption laws 1.4 Measurement of the spectrum 1.5 Vibrational fine structure 1.6 Choice of solvent 1.7 Selection rules and intensity 1.8 Solvent effects 1.9 Searching for a chromophore 1.10 Definitions 1.11 Conjugated dienes 1.12 Polyenes 1.13 Polyeneynes and poly-ynes 1.14 Ketones and aldehydes
• "* transitions 1.15 Ketones and aldehydes
• n"* transitions 1.16 ', '-Unsaturated acids, esters, nitriles and amides 1.17 The benzene ring 1.18 Substituted benzene rings 1.19 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 1.20 Heteroaromatic compounds 1.21 Quinones 1.22 Corroles, chlorins and porphyrins 1.23 Non-conjugated interacting chromophores 1.24 The effect of steric hindrance to coplanarity 1.25 Internet 1.26 Bibliography Chapter 2: Infrared spectra 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Preparation of samples and examination in an infrared spectrometer 2.3 Examination in a Raman spectrometer 2.4 Selection rules 2.5 The infrared spectrum 2.6 The use of the tables of characteristic group frequencies 2.7 Absorption frequencies of single bonds to hydrogen 3600-2000 cm--1 2.8 Absorption frequencies of triple and cumulated double bonds 2300-1930 cm--1 2.9 Absorption frequencies of the double-bond region 1900-1500 cm--1 2.10 Groups absorbing in the fingerprint region <1500 cm--1 2.11 Internet 2.12 Bibliography 2.13 Correlation charts 2.14 Tables of data Chapter 3: Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra 3.1 Nuclear spin and resonance 3.2 The measurement of spectra 3.3 The chemical shift 3.4 Factors affecting the chemical shift 3.4.1 Intramolecular factors affecting the chemical shift 3.4.2 Intermolecular factors affecting the chemical shift 3.5 Spin-spin coupling to 13C 3.5.1 13C-2H Coupling 3.5.2 13C-1H Coupling 3.5.3 13C-13C Coupling 3.6 1H-1H Vicinal coupling (3JHH) 3.7 1H-1H Geminal coupling (2JHH) 3.8 1H-1H Long-range coupling (4JHH and 5JHH) 3.9 Deviations from first-order coupling 3.10 The magnitude of 1H-1H coupling constants 3.10.1 Vicinal coupling 3JHH 3.10.2 Geminal coupling (2JHH) 3.10.3 Long-range coupling (4JHH and 5JHH) 3.11 Line broadening and environmental exchange 3.11.1 Efficient relaxation 3.11.2 Environmental exchange 3.12 Improving the NMR spectrum 3.12.1 The effect of changing the magnetic field 3.12.2 Shift reagents 3.12.3 Solvent effects 3.13 Spin decoupling 3.13.1 Simple spin decoupling 3.13.2 Difference decoupling 3.14 The nuclear Overhauser effect 3.14.1 Origins 3.14.2 NOE Difference spectra 3.15 Assignment of CH3, CH2, CH and quaternary carbons in 13C NMR 3.16 Identifying spin systems--1D-TOCSY 3.17 The separation of chemical shift and coupling onto different axes 3.18 Two-dimensional NMR 3.19 COSY spectra 3.20 NOESY spectra 3.21 2D-TOCSY spectra 3.22 1H-13C COSY spectra 3.22.1 Heteronuclear Multiple Quantum Coherence (HMQC) spectra 3.22.2 Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Connectivity (HMBC) spectra 3.23 Measuring 13C-1H coupling constants (HSQC-HECADE spectra) 3.24 Identifying 13C-13C connections (INADEQUATE spectra) 3.25 Three- and four-dimensional NMR 3.26 Hints for spectroscopic interpretation and structure determination 3.26.1 Carbon spectra 3.26.2 Proton spectra 3.26.3 Hetero-correlations 3.27 Internet 3.28 Bibliography 3.29 Tables of data Chapter 4: Mass spectra 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Ion production from readily volatile molecules 4.2.1 Electron impact (EI) 4.2.2 Chemical Ionisation (CI) 4.3 Ion production from poorly volatile molecules 4.3.1 Fast ion bombardment (FIB or LSIMS) 4.3.2 Laser desorption (LD) and matrix-assisted laser desorption (MALDI) 4.3.3 Electrospray ionisation (ESI) 4.4 Ion analysis 4.4.1 Magnetic analysers 4.4.2 Combined magnetic and electrostatic analysers--high-resolution mass spectra (HRMS) 4.4.3 Ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) analysers 4.4.4 Time-of--flight (TOF) analysers 4.4.5 Quadrupole analysers 4.4.6 Ion-trap analysers 4.5 Structural information from mass spectra 4.5.1 Isotopic abundances 4.5.2 EI spectra 4.5.3 CI spectra 4.5.4 FIB (LSMIS) spectra 4.5.5 MALDI spectra 4.5.6 ESI spectra 4.5.7 ESI-FT-ICR and ESI-FT-Orbitrap spectra 4.6 Separation coupled to mass spectrometry 4.6.1 GC/MS and LC/MS 4.6.2 MS/MS 4.7 MS data systems 4.8 Specific ion monitoring and quantitative MS (SIM and MIM) 4.9 Interpreting the spectrum of an unknown 4.10 Internet 4.11 Bibliography 4.12 Tables of data Chapter 5: Practice in structure determination 5.1 General approach 5.2 Simple worked examples using 13C NMR alone 5.3 Simple worked examples using 1H NMR alone 5.4 Simple worked examples using the combined application of all four spectroscopic methods 5.5 Simple problems using 13C NMR or joint application of IR and 13C NMR 5.6 Simple problems using 1H NMR 5.7 Problems using a combination of spectroscopic methods 5.8 Answers to problems 1-33 Index.
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"Spectroscopic Method in Organic Chemistry" is a well established introductory guide to the interpretation of ultraviolet, infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectra of organic compounds. It can be used as a textbook for a first course in the application of these techniques to structure determination, as well as a handbook for synthetic organic chemists.Updates to the new edition are as follows: structure - the same structure will be retained in this new edition. There will be five chapters - UV, IR, NMR and MS, followed by examples and problems. The new edition content: The first four chapters have been completely rewritten to reflect changes that have taken place since the current edition published. Key changes include: coverage of UV and IR Spectra is more concise; coverage of NMR has been expanded; coverage of MS has been made more relevant to the everyday application of this technique; IR Chapter has been restructured so that the spectra are displayed where they are being discussed, rather than at the end of the chapter; and, examples. All 60 MHz spectra have been replaced with new examples at 400 MHz or more.
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• Alkylation of Enolates and Other Carbon Nucleophiles.- Reactions of Carbon Nucleophiles with Carbonyl Groups.- Functional Group Interconversion, Protection and Deprotection.- Electrophilic Additions to Carbon-Carbon Multiple Bonds.- Reduction of Carbon-Carbon Multiple, Carbonyl Groups, and Other Functional Groups.- Cycloadditions, Unimolecular Rearrangements, and Thermal Eliminations.- Organometallic Compounds of the Group I, II, and III Metals.- Reactions Involving the Transition Metals.- Carbon-Carbon Bond-Forming Reactions of Compounds of Boron, Silicon, and Tin.- Reactions Involving Carbocations, Carbenes, and Radicals as Intermediates.- Aromatic Substitution Reactions.- Oxidations.- Planning and Execution of Multistep Syntheses.
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• Chemical Bonding and Structure.- Stereochemistry, Conformation and Stereoselectivity.- Structural Effects on Stability and Reactivity.- Nucleophilic Substitution.- Polar Addition and Elimination Reactions.- Carbanions and Other Carbon Nucleophiles.- Addition, Condensation and Substitution Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds.- Aromaticity.- Aromatic Substitution.- Concerted Pericyclic Reactions.- Free Radical Reactions.- Photochemistry.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Since its original appearance in 1977, Advanced Organic Chemistry has maintained its place as the premier textbook in the field, offering broad coverage of the structure, reactivity and synthesis of organic compounds. As in the earlier editions, the text contains extensive references to both the primary and review literature and provides examples of data and reactions that illustrate and document the generalizations. While the text assumes completion of an introductory course in organic chemistry, it reviews the fundamental concepts for each topic that is discussed. The two-part fifth edition has been substantially revised and reorganized for greater clarity. Among the changes: Updated material reflecting advances in the field since 2001??'s Fourth Edition, especially in computational chemistry; A companion Web site provides digital models for study of structure, reaction and selectivity; Solutions to the exercises provided to instructors online. The control of reactivity to achieve specific syntheses is one of the overarching goals of organic chemistry. Part B describes the most general and useful synthetic reactions, organized on the basis of reaction type. Together with Part A: Structure and Mechanisms, the two volumes are intended to provide the advanced undergraduate or beginning graduate student in chemistry with a sufficient foundation to comprehend and use the research literature in organic chemistry.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)
The two-part, fifth edition of Advanced Organic Chemistry has been substantially revised and reorganized for greater clarity. The material has been updated to reflect advances in the field since the previous edition, especially in computational chemistry. Part A covers fundamental structural topics and basic mechanistic types. It can stand-alone; together, with Part B: Reaction and Synthesis, the two volumes provide a comprehensive foundation for the study in organic chemistry. Companion websites provide digital models for study of structure, reaction and selectivity for students and exercise solutions for instructors.
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• PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION
• .1. INTRODUCTION.1.1 The Structure and Forms of Water.1.2 Properties of Water.1.3 Solvation.1.4 Hydrophobic Effect.1.5 Salt Effect.1.6 Water Under Extreme Conditions.References.
• 2. ALKANES.2.1 Oxygenation of Alkanes.2.2 Halogenation of Alkanes.2.3 Formation of Carbon-Carbon Bonds.2.4 D/H Exchange of Alkanes in Water.References.
• 3. ALKENES.3.1 Reduction.3.2 Electrophilic Additions.3.3 Radical Reactions of Alkenes.3.4 Carbene Reactions.3.5 Alkene Isomerization.3.6 Transition-Metal Catalyzed C-C Formation Reactions.3.7 Olefin Metathesis.3.8 Reaction of Allylic C-H Bond
• .4. ALKYNES.4.1 Reaction of Terminal Alkynes.4.2 Additions of C C bonds.4.3 Transition-Metal Catalyzed Cycloadditions.4.4 Other Reactions.References.
• 5. ALCOHOLS, PHENOLS, ETHERS, THIOLS, AND THIOETHERS.5.1 Oxidation of Alcohols.5.2 Substitutions/Elimination.5.3 Addition of Alcohols, Phenols, and Thiols to Alkene and Alkyne Bonds.5.4 Addition of Alcohols to C=O Bonds: Esterification and Acetal Formations.5.5 Reaction of Ethers and Cyclic Ethers.5.6 Reaction of Sulfur Compounds
• .6. ORGANIC HALIDES.6.1 General.6.2 Reduction.6.3 Elimination Reactions.6.4 Nucleophilic Substitutions.6.5 Reductive Coupling.6.6 Carbonylation of Organic Halides.6.7 Transition-Metal Catalyzed Coupling Reactions.References.
• 7. AROMATIC COMPOUNDS.7.1 General.7.2 Substitution Reactions.7.3 Oxidation Reactions.7.4 Reductions.References.
• 8. ALDEHDYE AND KETONES.8.1 Reduction.8.2 Oxidation.8.3 Nucleophilic Addition: C-C Bond Formation.8.4 Pinacol Coupling.8.5 Other Reactions (Halogenation and Oxidation of alpha-H).References.
• 9. CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND DERIVATIVES.9.1 General.9.2 Carboxylic Acids.9.3 Carboxylic Acid Derivatives.References.
• 10. CONJUGATED CARBONYL COMPOUNDS.10.1 Reduction.10.2 Epoxidation, Dihydroxylation, Hydroxyamination.10.3 Conjugate Addition: Heteroatom.10.4 C-C Bond Formation.10.5 Other Reactions.References.
• 11. NITROGEN COMPOUNDS.11.1 Amines.11.2 Imines.11.3 Diazo Compounds.11.4 Azides.11.5 Nitro Compounds.References.
• 12. PERICYCLIC REACTIONS.12.1 Introduction.12.2 Diels-Alder Reactions.12.3 Sigmatropic Rearrangements.12.4 Photochemical Cycloaddition Reactions.References. INDEX.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This is an extensive update of the classic reference on organic reactions in water. Published almost a decade ago, the first edition has served as the guide for research in this burgeoning field. Due to the cost, safety, efficiency, and environmental friendliness of water as a solvent, there are many new applications in industry and academic laboratories. More than forty percent of this extensively updated second edition covers new reactions. For ease of reference, it is organized by functional groups.A core reference, "Comprehensive Organic Reactions in Aqueous Media, Second Edition": provides the most comprehensive coverage of aqueous organicreactions available; covers the basic principles and theory and progresses to applications; includes alkanes, alkenes, aromatics, electrophilic substitutions, carbonyls, alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyls, carbon-nitrogen bonds, organic halides, pericyclic reactions, photochemical reactions, click chemistry, and multi-step syntheses; and, provides examples of applications in industry. This is the premier reference for chemists and chemical engineers in industry or research, as well as for students in advanced-level courses.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Acknowledgements.Preface.
• Chapter 1. Quantum Mechanics for Organic Chemistry .
• Chapter 2. Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry.
• Chapter 3. Pericyclic Reactions.
• Chapter 4. Diradicals and Carbenes.Chapter 5.Organic Reactions of Anions.
• Chapter 6. Solution-Phase Organic Chemistry.
• Chapter 7. Organic Reaction Dynamics.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

'[This book] collects together, largely for the first time, a series of chapters dedicated to all the ways in which molecular modeling/computational chemistry can impact organic chemistry' - Christopher J. Cramer, author of "Essentials of Computational Chemistry: Theories and Models". "Computational Organic Chemistry" provides a practical overview of the ways in which computational modeling methods and applications can be used in organic chemistry to predict the structure and reactivity of organic molecules. After a concise survey of computational methods, the book presents in-depth case studies that show how various computational methods have provided critical insight into the nature of organic mechanisms. With a focus on methodologies, this unique resource: discusses simple molecular properties, pericyclic reactions, carbenes and radicals, anion chemistry, solvent effects, and more; features sidebars that offer a personal look at some of the leading practitioners in the field; conveys the strengths and limitations of each method, so that readers develop a feel for the correct 'tool' to use in the context of a specific problem; and, further informs readers with a supporting Web site that provides links to materials cited and features a blog that discusses and provides links to new relevant articles. This is a great reference for practicing physical organic and computational chemists, as well as a thought-provoking textbook for graduate-level courses in computational chemistry and organic chemistry.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface.Biographical Note.Abbreviations.PART 1.
• Chapter 1. Localized Chemical Bonding.
• Chapter 2. Delocalized Chemical Bonding.
• Chapter 3. Bonding Weaker than Covalent.
• Chapter 4. Stereochemistry.
• Chapter 5. Carbocations, Carbanions, Free Radicals, Carbenes, and Nitrenes.
• Chapter 6. Mechanisms and Methods of Determining Them.
• Chapter 7. Irradiation Processes in Organic Chemistry.
• Chapter 8. Acids and Bases.
• Chapter 9. Effects of Structure on Reactivity.PART 2
• Chapter 10. Aliphatic Substitution: Nucleophilic and Organometallic.
• Chapter 11. Aromatic Substituion, Electrophilic.
• Chapter 12. Aliphatic, Alkenyl, and Alkynyl Substitution, Electrophilic and Organometallic.
• Chapter 13. Aromatic Substitution, Nucleophilic and Organometallic.
• Chapter 14. Substitution Reactions: Free Radicals.
• Chapter 15. Addition to Carbon-Carbon Multiple Bonds.
• Chapter 16. Addition to Carbon-Hetero Multiple Bonds.
• Chapter 17. Eliminations.
• Chapter 18. Rearrangements.
• Chapter 19. Oxidations and Reductions.Appendix A. The Literature of Organic Chemistry.Appendix B. Classification of Reactions by Type of Compound SynthesizedIndexes.Author Index.Subject Index.
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The Sixth Edition of a classic in organic chemistry continues its tradition of excellence. Now in its sixth edition, "March's Advanced Organic Chemistry" remains the gold standard in organic chemistry. Throughout its six editions, students and chemists from around the world have relied on it as an essential resource for planning and executing synthetic reactions. The Sixth Edition brings the text completely current with the most recent organic reactions. In addition, the references have been updated to enable readers to find the latest primary and review literature with ease. New features include: more than 25,000 references to the literature to facilitate further research; revised mechanisms, where required, that explain concepts in clear modern terms; revisions and updates to each chapter to bring them all fully up to date with the latest reactions and discoveries; and, a revised Appendix B to facilitate correlating chapter sections with synthetic transformations.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface. Acknowledgments.
• 1 Fundamentalsof NMR Spectroscopy in Liquids. 1.1 Introduction to NMR Spectroscopy. 1.2 Examples: NMR Spectroscopy of Oligosaccharides and Terpenoids. 1.3 Typical Values of Chemical Shifts and Coupling Constants. 1.4 Fundamental Concepts of NMR Spectroscopy.
• 2 Interpretation of Proton (1H) NMR Spectra. 2.1 Assignment. 2.2 Effect of Bo Field Strength on the Spectrum. 2.3 First-Order Splitting Patterns. 2.4 The Use of 1H-1H Coupling Constants to Determine Stereochemistry and Conformation. 2.5 Symmetry and Chirality in NMR. 2.6 The Origin of the Chemical Shift. 2.7 J Coupling to Other NMR-Active Nuclei. 2.8 Non-First-Order Splitting Patterns: Strong Coupling. 2.9 Magnetic Equivalence.
• 3 NMR Hardware and Software. 3.1 Sample Preparation. 3.2 Sample Insertion. 3.3 The Deuterium Lock Feedback Loop. 3.4 The Shim System. 3.5 Tuning and Matching the Probe. 3.6 NMR Data Acquisition and Acquisition Parameters. 3.7 Noise and Dynamic Range. 3.8 Special Topic: Oversampling and Digital Filtering. 3.9 NMR Data Processing-Overview. 3.10 The Fourier Transform. 3.11 Data Manipulation Before the Fourier Transform. 3.12 Data Manipulation After the Fourier Transform.
• 4 Carbon-13 (13C) NMR Spectroscopy. 4.1 Sensitivity of 13C. 4.2 Splitting of 13C Signals. 4.3 Decoupling. 4.4 Heteronuclear Decoupling: 1H Decoupled 13C Spectra. 4.5 Decoupling Hardware. 4.6 Decoupling Software: Parameters. 4.7 The Nuclear Overhauser Effect (NOE). 4.8 Heteronuclear Decoupler Modes.
• 5 NMR Relaxation-Inversion-Recovery and the Nuclear Overhauser Effect (NOE). 5.1 The Vector Model. 5.2 One Spin in a Magnetic Field. 5.3 A Large Population of Identical Spins: Net Magnetization. 5.4 Coherence: Net Magnetization in the x-y Plane. 5.5 Relaxation. 5.6 Summary of the Vector Model. 5.7 Molecular Tumbling and NMR Relaxation. 5.8 Inversion-Recovery: Measurement of T1 Values. 5.9 Continuous-Wave Low-Power Irradiation of One Resonance. 5.10 Homonuclear Decoupling. 5.11 Presaturation of Solvent Resonance. 5.12 The Homonuclear Nuclear Overhauser Effect (NOE). 5.13 Summary of the Nuclear Overhauser Effect.
• 6 The Spin Echo and the Attached Proton Test (APT). 6.1 The Rotating Frame of Reference. 6.2 The Radio Frequency (RF) Pulse. 6.3 The Effect of RF Pulses. 6.4 Quadrature Detection, Phase Cycling, and the Receiver Phase. 6.5 Chemical Shift Evolution. 6.6 Scalar (J) Coupling Evolution. 6.7 Examples of J-coupling and Chemical Shift Evolution. 6.8 The Attached Proton Test (APT). 6.9 The Spin Echo. 6.10 The Heteronuclear Spin Echo: Controlling J-Coupling Evolution and Chemical Shift Evolution.
• 7 Coherence Transfer: INEPT and DEPT. 7.1 Net Magnetization. 7.2 Magnetization Transfer. 7.3 The Product Operator Formalism: Introduction. 7.4 Single Spin Product Operators: Chemical Shift Evolution. 7.5 Two-Spin Operators: J-coupling Evolution and Antiphase Coherence. 7.6 The Effect of RF Pulses on Product Operators. 7.7 INEPT and the Transfer of Magnetization from 1H to 13C. 7.8 Selective Population Transfer (SPT) as a Way of Understanding INEPT Coherence Transfer. 7.9 Phase Cycling in INEPT. 7.10 Intermediate States in Coherence Transfer. 7.11 Zero- and Double-Quantum Operators. 7.12 Summary of Two-Spin Operators. 7.13 Refocused INEPT: Adding Spectral Editing. 7.14 DEPT: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer. 7.15 Product Operator Analysis of the DEPT Experiment.
• 8 Shaped Pulses, Pulsed Field Gradients, and Spin Locks: Selective 1D NOE and 1D TOCSY. 8.1 Introducing Three New Pulse Sequence Tools. 8.2 The Effect of Off-Resonance Pulses on Net Magnetization. 8.3 The Excitation Profile for Rectangular Pulses. 8.4 Selective Pulses and Shaped Pulses. 8.5 Pulsed Field Gradients. 8.6 Combining Shaped Pulses and Pulsed Field Gradients: "Excitation Sculpting." 8.7 Coherence Order: Using Gradients to Select a Coherence Pathway. 8.8 Practical Aspects of Pulsed Field Gradients and Shaped Pulses. 8.9 1D Transient NOE using DPFGSE. 8.10 The Spin Lock. 8.11 Selective 1D ROESY and 1D TOCSY. 8.12 Selective 1D TOCSY using DPFGSE. 8.13 RF Power Levels for Shaped Pulses and Spin Locks.
• 9 Two-Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy: HETCOR, COSY, and TOCSY. 9.1 Introduction to Two-Dimensional NMR. 9.2 HETCOR: A 2D Experiment Created from the 1D INEPT Experiment. 9.3 A General Overview of 2D NMR Experiments. 9.4 2D Correlation Spectroscopy (COSY). 9.5 Understanding COSY with Product Operators. 9.6 2D TOCSY (Total Correlation Spectroscopy). 9.7 Data Sampling in t1 and the 2D Spectral Window.
• 10 Advanced NMR Theory: NOESY and DQF-COSY. 10.1 Spin Kinetics: Derivation of the Rate Equation for Cross-Relaxation. 10.2 Dynamic Processes and Chemical Exchange in NMR. 10.3 2D NOESY and 2D ROESY. 10.4 Expanding Our View of Coherence: Quantum Mechanics and Spherical Operators. 10.5 Double-Quantum Filtered COSY (DQF-COSY). 10.6 Coherence Pathway Selection in NMR Experiments. 10.7 The Density Matrix Representation of Spin States. 10.8 The Hamiltonian Matrix: Strong Coupling and Ideal Isotropic (TOCSY) Mixing.
• 11 Inverse Heteronuclear 2D Experiments: HSQC, HMQC, and HMBC. 11.1 Inverse Experiments: 1H Observe with 13C Decoupling. 11.2 General Appearance of Inverse 2D Spectra. 11.3 Examples of One-Bond Inverse Correlation (HMQC and HSQC) Without 13C Decoupling. 11.4 Examples of Edited, 13C-Decoupled HSQC Spectra. 11.5 Examples of HMBC Spectra. 11.6 Structure Determination Using HSQC and HMBC. 11.7 Understanding the HSQC Pulse Sequence. 11.8 Understanding the HMQC Pulse Sequence. 11.9 Understanding the Heteronuclear Multiple-Bond Correlation (HMBC) Pulse Sequence. 11.10 Structure Determination by NMR-An Example.
• 12 Biological NMR Spectroscopy. 12.1 Applications of NMR in Biology. 12.2 Size Limitations in Solution-State NMR. 12.3 Hardware Requirements for Biological NMR. 12.4 Sample Preparation and Water Suppression. 12.5 1H Chemical Shifts of Peptides and Proteins. 12.6 NOE Interactions Between One Residue and the Next Residue in the Sequence. 12.7 Sequence-Specific Assignment Using Homonuclear 2D Spectra. 12.8 Medium and Long-Range NOE Correlations. 12.9 Calculation of 3D Structure Using NMR Restraints. 12.10 15N-Labeling and 3D NMR. 12.11 Three-Dimensional NMR Pulse Sequences: 3D HSQC-TOCSY and 3D TOCSY-HSQC. 12.12 Triple-Resonance NMR on Doubly-Labeled (15N, 13C) Proteins. 12.13 New Techniques for Protein NMR: Residual Dipolar Couplings and Transverse Relaxation Optimized Spectroscopy (TROSY). Appendix A: A Pictorial Key to NMR SpinStates. Appendix B: A Survey of Two-Dimensional NMR Experiments. Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

"NMR Spectroscopy Explained : Simplified Theory, Applications and Examples for Organic Chemistry and Structural Biology" provides a fresh, practical guide to NMR for both students and practitioners, in a clearly written and non mathematical format. It gives the reader an intermediate level theoretical basis for understanding laboratory applications, developing concepts gradually within the context of examples and useful experiments. It introduces students to modern NMR as applied to analysis of organic compounds. It presents material in a clear, conversational style that is appealing to students. It contains comprehensive coverage of how NMR experiments actually work. It combines basic ideas with practical implementation of the spectrometer. It provides an intermediate level theoretical basis for understanding laboratory experiments. It develops concepts gradually within the context of examples and useful experiments. It also introduces the product operator formalism after introducing the simpler (but limited) vector model.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

Organic Spectroscopic Structure Determination is a sophomore-level book with empahssi on structure problem solving. It consists of four sections that attempt to engage the imagination of the student. Taber has arranged the material in such a way that the students can work the problems and lear the procedures on their own, minimizing the time taken in lecture. The first section will be three chapters of instruction on the methods of organic spectroscopy. The second will be fifty problems with just data sets of spectroscopic data. The third will be fifty problems that show starting materials and reaction conditions, with spectroscopic data for the product. The final section will include tables of spectroscopic data. The author plans to supply ten press spectroscopy problems each year to use with exams.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Pt. 1. Reactive intermediates. Tetrahedral intermediates derived from carbonyl compounds, pentacoordinate intermediates derived from phosphoryl and sulfonyl compounds, and concerted paths which avoid them / J. P. Guthrie ; Silicon-, germanium-, and tin-centered cations, radicals, and anions / V. Y. Lee and A. Sekiguchi.
• Pt. 2. Methods and applications. An introduction to time-resolved resonance Raman spectroscopy and its application to reactive intermediates / D. L. Phillips, W. M. Kwok, and C. Ma ; Time-resolved infrared (TRIR) studies of organic reactive intermediates / J. P. Toscano ; Studies of the thermochemical properties of reactive intermediates by mass spectrometric methods / P. G. Wenthold ; Reactive intermediates in combustion / J. K. Merle and C. M. Hadad ; Reactive intermediates in crystals: form and function / L. M. Campos and M. A. Garcia-Garibay ; The chemical reactions of DNA damage and degradation / K. S. Gates ; Conical intersection species as reactive intermediates / M. J. Bearpark and M. A. Robb ; Quantum mechanical tunneling in organic reactive intermediates / R. S. Sheridan.

The chemistry of reactive intermediates is central to a modern mechanistic and quantitative understanding of organic chemistry. Moreover, it underlies a significant portion of modern synthetic chemistry and is integral to a molecular view of biological chemistry. "Reviews in Reactive Intermediate Chemistry" presents an up-to-date, authoritative guide to this fundamental topic. Although it follows "Reactive Intermediate Chemistry" by the same authors, it serves as a free-standing resource for the entire chemical and biochemical community. The book includes: relevant, practical applications; coverage of such topics as mass spectrometry methods, reactive intermediates in interstellar medium, quantum mechanical tunnelling, solvent effects, reactive intermediates in biochemical processes, and excited state surfaces; discussions of emerging areas, particularly those involving dynamics and theories. Concluding sections identifying key directions for future research are provided at the end of each chapter.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)